This document provides an overview of primitive data types, expressions, and definite loops (for loops) in Java. It discusses Java's primitive types like int, double, char, and boolean. It covers arithmetic operators, precedence rules, and mixing numeric types. It also introduces variables, declarations, assignments, and using variables in expressions. Finally, it explains the syntax of for loops using initialization, a test condition, and an update to repeat a block of code a specified number of times.
The document provides an introduction to parallel programming basics, including why parallel programming is useful, what parallel programming is, and how to perform parallel programming in languages like C++, MATLAB, and C#. It gives an example of a simple sequential C++ program and walks through how it could be parallelized using tools like OpenMP and TBB. It also discusses other parallelization methods like std::thread in C++ and the parfor function in MATLAB.
The document discusses various concepts related to functions and operator overloading in C++, including:
1. It describes how functions can be divided into smaller modules to more easily design, build, debug, extend, modify, understand, reuse, and organize large programs.
2. It explains that C++ supports defining multiple functions with the same name but different argument lists through function overloading.
3. It provides examples of overloading operators like +, -, <, <=, assignment (=), increment (++), and decrement (--) operators for user-defined classes.
This document contains a midterm exam for an Elements of Programming course. It consists of 4 sections - multiple choice, fill in the blank, short answer, and programming questions. The multiple choice and fill in the blank sections contain 10 questions each worth 1 mark each. The short answer section contains 3 questions worth a total of 40 marks. The programming question is worth 25 marks and requires the student to create a C++ program to simulate a vending machine. The exam is worth a total of 100 marks and students are instructed to answer all questions and show all working.
Java Foundations: Data Types and Type ConversionSvetlin Nakov
Learn how to use data types and variables in Java, how variables are stored in the memory and how to convert from one data type to another.
Watch the video lesson and access the hands-on exercises here: https://softuni.org/code-lessons/java-foundations-certification-data-types-and-variables
This document provides an introduction to C++ programming concepts including basic syntax, variables, data types, operators, conditionals, and loops. It begins with an overview of basic printing, variables, comments, input/output, and the modulus operator. Examples are given for declaring integer, float, and char variables and performing arithmetic operations. Concepts covered for conditionals include if/else, else if ladders, ternary operators, and switch statements. Examples are provided for taking input and printing output based on conditions. The document concludes with an introduction to loops, focusing on the for loop syntax and using loops to print patterns and tables. Homework questions are provided throughout for additional practice.
Informatics Practice Practical for 12th classphultoosks876
The document provides the coding for a GUI application that retrieves data from the dept table of a MySQL database and displays it in a JTable. It includes code to connect to the database, retrieve the data, and populate the JTable. It has a button that when clicked calls the rtrBtnActionPerformed method, which executes a SQL query to select all records from the dept table and loads the results into the JTable for display.
The document discusses dataflow modeling in Verilog. It covers continuous assignments, delays, expressions using operators and operands, different types of operators like arithmetic, logical, relational, and examples of designing basic components like a 4-to-1 multiplexer and 4-bit full adder using these concepts. It also provides examples of modeling sequential logic like a 4-bit ripple carry counter and flip-flops.
This document provides an overview of computer skills and programming concepts such as expressions, data conversion, interactive programs, and creating objects in Java. It discusses arithmetic expressions and operators, data type conversions including assignment, promotion, and casting, using the Scanner class to get interactive input from the user, and reading input tokens separated by whitespace. Code examples are provided to demonstrate key concepts like evaluating expressions, reading input, and calculating miles per gallon from user-entered values.
This document describes a C++ program that calculates employee wages. It contains sections for acknowledgements, introduction, system requirements, source code, output, and conclusions. The program allows the user to enter information for multiple employees, including name, phone number, hours worked, and hourly wage. It then calculates and displays each employee's pay for the week. The program uses arrays to store employee data and functions for the menu, data entry, and report display.
Spring 2014 CSCI 111 Final exam of 1 61. (2 points) Fl.docxrafbolet0
Spring 2014 CSCI 111 Final exam � of �1 6
1. (2 points) Flip over this test. On the back of this test write your name in the upper, left-hand
corner.
2. (2 points) What are the four parts of the compiling process (just give me 4 words, not a
paragraph).
3. (4 points) Which of the four steps of the compiling process occurs only once, regardless of
the number of source files your application has?
4. (4 points) Write a line of code that causes the preprocessor to generate an error.
5. (4 points) Write a line of code that causes the compiler to generate an error.
6. (5 points) Describe how you could incorrectly compile the joust project to cause the linker to
generate an error.
7. (5 points) Given:
1 float* fp;
2 //...
3 float pi;
4 pi=*(314 + fp);
Rewrite line 4 using array subscript notation.
Spring 2014 CSCI 111 Final exam � of �2 6
8. (5 points) Given:
1 float arr[100];
2 for(int x=0; x<100; ++x)
3 arr[x]=100-x;
What does the following expression print out?
cout << *arr << endl;
9. (14 points) Given:
int a=0;
int b=6;
int x=0;
Circle each if-expression that evaluates to true:
A) if(b)
B) if(x)
C) if(a=b==6)
D) if(a=b==5)
E) if(a=b=5)
F) if(a=x=0)
G) if(a=x==0)
Spring 2014 CSCI 111 Final exam � of �3 6
10. (10 points) Given:
1 #include<iostream>
2 using namespace std;
3
4 int main()
5 {
6 int x;
7 cout << "Enter a number greater than 10" << endl;
8 while ( x < 10 )
9 {
10 cin >> x;
11 }
12 return 0;
13 }
This program compiles just fine, and sometimes it runs as expected. But sometimes when you
run it, it exits immediately after printing "Enter a number greater than 10". That is, the program
doesn't pause for you to enter a number. Why are you getting this inconsistent behavior?
11. (4 points) What is the output of the following:
int x=4;
int y=3;
A) cout << x / y << endl;
B) cout << x % y << endl;
C) cout << x << "%" << y << endl;
D) cout << "x" << '%' << 'y' << endl;
Spring 2014 CSCI 111 Final exam � of �4 6
12. (16 points) What is the type of the expression. That is, what is the kind of thing that each
expression evaluates to. For example:
3 + 4 integer
You may assume that the variable a has been declared as an integer.
A. a + 4
B. a = 4
C. 3.14 + 4.49
D. 3 + 3.14
E. 'a'
F. cout << a
G. new float[30]
H. new float
Spring 2014 CSCI 111 Final exam � of �5 6
13. (5 points) Write a for-loop that prints out the numbers between 1 and 100 that are evenly
divisible by three.
14. (5 points) Write a while-loop that prints out the numbers between 1 and 100 that are evenly
divisible by three.
15. (5 points) Write a do-while-loop that prints out the numbers between 1 and 100 that are
evenly divisible by three.
Spring 2014 CSCI 111 Final exam � of �6 6
16. (10 points) Given:
1 #include<iostream>
2
3 class Willow {
4 publi.
Java/Scala Lab: Анатолий Кметюк - Scala SubScript: Алгебра для реактивного пр...GeeksLab Odessa
SubScript - это расширение языка Scala, добавляющее поддержку конструкций и синтаксиса аглебры общающихся процессов (Algebra of Communicating Processes, ACP). SubScript является перспективным расширением, применимым как для разработки высоконагруженных параллельных систем, так и для простых персональных приложений.
This document discusses various operators in C++ programming including arithmetic, relational, logical, and bitwise operators. It provides examples of using each operator and explains their functionality such as performing calculations, comparisons, and bit manipulations. It also outlines four tasks for a C++ lab, including programs to calculate the cube of a number, display a character, demonstrate increment/decrement and relational operators, and calculate the sum and average of floating point numbers.
This document discusses expressions and operators in C programming. It begins by defining an expression as a combination of variables, constants, and operators. It then covers the different types of operators - arithmetic, relational, and logical operators.
For arithmetic operators, it explains unary operators like increment/decrement and binary operators like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulus. It provides examples of arithmetic expressions and discusses operator precedence. It also introduces common math library functions.
For relational operators, it explains comparison operators and provides truth tables. Examples show how relational expressions evaluate to 0 or 1.
For logical operators, it explains AND, OR, and NOT operators and provides their truth tables. Examples evaluate logical
This document discusses operator overloading in C++. It begins by defining operator overloading as giving special meanings to operators for user-defined data types. It then covers overloading unary and binary operators using member functions and friend functions. Some key points include: only existing operators can be overloaded, binary operators take operands as arguments, and type conversions between basic and user-defined types require custom conversion routines like constructors or casting functions. The document also provides examples of overloading operators for complex numbers and strings.
This lecture discusses fundamentals of programming in Python including values and types, variables, expressions, operators, input/output, and debugging. Some key points:
- Values have types like integers, floats, and strings which can be identified using the type() function.
- Variables store and reference values and are created using assignment statements. Variable names must follow specific rules.
- Expressions combine values and operators to evaluate to new values. Operators include +, -, *, / and order of operations follows PEMDAS rules.
- User input is obtained using the input() function which returns a string. Type conversion may be needed for mathematical operations.
- Comments starting with # are used to
Test-driven development (TDD) is a software development process where developers first write automated tests that define desired improvements or new functions. They then write code to pass those tests and refactor the new code to acceptable standards. TDD involves writing unit tests, integration tests, and acceptance tests using tools like JUnit, FitNesse, and Cucumber. Practicing TDD can provide benefits like improved code quality, reduced bugs, and increased developer productivity.
Operators in Java are used to specify mathematical, logical, relational, and other operations in code. There are various types of operators including arithmetic, relational, logical, increment/decrement, bitwise, assignment, and casting operators. The precedence of operators determines the order in which they are evaluated. Type casting uses parentheses to explicitly convert values from one data type to another.
The document discusses Java's primitive data types and for loops. It introduces Java's primitive types like int, double, char, and boolean. It covers expressions, operators, and precedence. It then introduces variables, declaring and initializing variables, and using variables in expressions. Finally, it covers the for loop structure with initialization, test, and update sections to allow repetition of code.
The document discusses Java's primitive data types and for loops. It introduces Java's primitive types like int, double, char, and boolean. It covers expressions, operators, and precedence. It then introduces variables, declaring and initializing variables, and using variables in expressions. Finally, it covers the for loop structure with initialization, test, and update sections to allow repetition of code.
1. The document contains code for 8 programming experiments involving algorithms for calculating simple and compound interest, determining Armstrong and Fibonacci numbers, finding the roots of a quadratic equation, matrix operations, and sorting arrays.
2. The algorithms are presented step-by-step and the C code to implement each algorithm is included and commented.
3. Sample inputs and outputs are provided for each program to demonstrate its functionality.
1) The document introduces Visual Basic programming and provides examples of simple console applications that demonstrate key features like comments, modules, and procedures.
2) A simple program is shown that displays the text "Welcome to Visual Basic!" to illustrate comments, modules, and sub procedures. Step-by-step explanations of how to create and run the program in Visual Studio are provided.
3) Another simple program is presented that gets two numbers from the user, adds them, and displays the sum. This illustrates variables, data types, and arithmetic operators.
The document provides details of programs to be implemented in C++ and Java as part of an Object Oriented Programming lab. The C++ programs include implementations of inline function overloading, complex numbers using operator overloading, friend functions, string concatenation using dynamic memory allocation, type conversion using complex numbers, managing bank accounts using inheritance, and a stack class with exception handling. The Java programs include writing simple programs, palindrome checking using strings, interfaces, inheritance, exception handling, and multithreaded programs.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in C++ programming including program structure, variables, data types, operators, input/output, control structures, and functions. It discusses the basic building blocks of a C++ program including comments, header files, declaring variables, reading/writing data, and program flow. Control structures like if/else, switch, while, for, break and continue are explained. The document also covers fundamental C++ concepts such as variables, data types, operators, and basic input/output.
The document discusses dataflow modeling in Verilog. It covers continuous assignments, delays, expressions using operators and operands, different types of operators like arithmetic, logical, relational, and examples of designing basic components like a 4-to-1 multiplexer and 4-bit full adder using these concepts. It also provides examples of modeling sequential logic like a 4-bit ripple carry counter and flip-flops.
This document provides an overview of computer skills and programming concepts such as expressions, data conversion, interactive programs, and creating objects in Java. It discusses arithmetic expressions and operators, data type conversions including assignment, promotion, and casting, using the Scanner class to get interactive input from the user, and reading input tokens separated by whitespace. Code examples are provided to demonstrate key concepts like evaluating expressions, reading input, and calculating miles per gallon from user-entered values.
This document describes a C++ program that calculates employee wages. It contains sections for acknowledgements, introduction, system requirements, source code, output, and conclusions. The program allows the user to enter information for multiple employees, including name, phone number, hours worked, and hourly wage. It then calculates and displays each employee's pay for the week. The program uses arrays to store employee data and functions for the menu, data entry, and report display.
Spring 2014 CSCI 111 Final exam of 1 61. (2 points) Fl.docxrafbolet0
Spring 2014 CSCI 111 Final exam � of �1 6
1. (2 points) Flip over this test. On the back of this test write your name in the upper, left-hand
corner.
2. (2 points) What are the four parts of the compiling process (just give me 4 words, not a
paragraph).
3. (4 points) Which of the four steps of the compiling process occurs only once, regardless of
the number of source files your application has?
4. (4 points) Write a line of code that causes the preprocessor to generate an error.
5. (4 points) Write a line of code that causes the compiler to generate an error.
6. (5 points) Describe how you could incorrectly compile the joust project to cause the linker to
generate an error.
7. (5 points) Given:
1 float* fp;
2 //...
3 float pi;
4 pi=*(314 + fp);
Rewrite line 4 using array subscript notation.
Spring 2014 CSCI 111 Final exam � of �2 6
8. (5 points) Given:
1 float arr[100];
2 for(int x=0; x<100; ++x)
3 arr[x]=100-x;
What does the following expression print out?
cout << *arr << endl;
9. (14 points) Given:
int a=0;
int b=6;
int x=0;
Circle each if-expression that evaluates to true:
A) if(b)
B) if(x)
C) if(a=b==6)
D) if(a=b==5)
E) if(a=b=5)
F) if(a=x=0)
G) if(a=x==0)
Spring 2014 CSCI 111 Final exam � of �3 6
10. (10 points) Given:
1 #include<iostream>
2 using namespace std;
3
4 int main()
5 {
6 int x;
7 cout << "Enter a number greater than 10" << endl;
8 while ( x < 10 )
9 {
10 cin >> x;
11 }
12 return 0;
13 }
This program compiles just fine, and sometimes it runs as expected. But sometimes when you
run it, it exits immediately after printing "Enter a number greater than 10". That is, the program
doesn't pause for you to enter a number. Why are you getting this inconsistent behavior?
11. (4 points) What is the output of the following:
int x=4;
int y=3;
A) cout << x / y << endl;
B) cout << x % y << endl;
C) cout << x << "%" << y << endl;
D) cout << "x" << '%' << 'y' << endl;
Spring 2014 CSCI 111 Final exam � of �4 6
12. (16 points) What is the type of the expression. That is, what is the kind of thing that each
expression evaluates to. For example:
3 + 4 integer
You may assume that the variable a has been declared as an integer.
A. a + 4
B. a = 4
C. 3.14 + 4.49
D. 3 + 3.14
E. 'a'
F. cout << a
G. new float[30]
H. new float
Spring 2014 CSCI 111 Final exam � of �5 6
13. (5 points) Write a for-loop that prints out the numbers between 1 and 100 that are evenly
divisible by three.
14. (5 points) Write a while-loop that prints out the numbers between 1 and 100 that are evenly
divisible by three.
15. (5 points) Write a do-while-loop that prints out the numbers between 1 and 100 that are
evenly divisible by three.
Spring 2014 CSCI 111 Final exam � of �6 6
16. (10 points) Given:
1 #include<iostream>
2
3 class Willow {
4 publi.
Java/Scala Lab: Анатолий Кметюк - Scala SubScript: Алгебра для реактивного пр...GeeksLab Odessa
SubScript - это расширение языка Scala, добавляющее поддержку конструкций и синтаксиса аглебры общающихся процессов (Algebra of Communicating Processes, ACP). SubScript является перспективным расширением, применимым как для разработки высоконагруженных параллельных систем, так и для простых персональных приложений.
This document discusses various operators in C++ programming including arithmetic, relational, logical, and bitwise operators. It provides examples of using each operator and explains their functionality such as performing calculations, comparisons, and bit manipulations. It also outlines four tasks for a C++ lab, including programs to calculate the cube of a number, display a character, demonstrate increment/decrement and relational operators, and calculate the sum and average of floating point numbers.
This document discusses expressions and operators in C programming. It begins by defining an expression as a combination of variables, constants, and operators. It then covers the different types of operators - arithmetic, relational, and logical operators.
For arithmetic operators, it explains unary operators like increment/decrement and binary operators like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulus. It provides examples of arithmetic expressions and discusses operator precedence. It also introduces common math library functions.
For relational operators, it explains comparison operators and provides truth tables. Examples show how relational expressions evaluate to 0 or 1.
For logical operators, it explains AND, OR, and NOT operators and provides their truth tables. Examples evaluate logical
This document discusses operator overloading in C++. It begins by defining operator overloading as giving special meanings to operators for user-defined data types. It then covers overloading unary and binary operators using member functions and friend functions. Some key points include: only existing operators can be overloaded, binary operators take operands as arguments, and type conversions between basic and user-defined types require custom conversion routines like constructors or casting functions. The document also provides examples of overloading operators for complex numbers and strings.
This lecture discusses fundamentals of programming in Python including values and types, variables, expressions, operators, input/output, and debugging. Some key points:
- Values have types like integers, floats, and strings which can be identified using the type() function.
- Variables store and reference values and are created using assignment statements. Variable names must follow specific rules.
- Expressions combine values and operators to evaluate to new values. Operators include +, -, *, / and order of operations follows PEMDAS rules.
- User input is obtained using the input() function which returns a string. Type conversion may be needed for mathematical operations.
- Comments starting with # are used to
Test-driven development (TDD) is a software development process where developers first write automated tests that define desired improvements or new functions. They then write code to pass those tests and refactor the new code to acceptable standards. TDD involves writing unit tests, integration tests, and acceptance tests using tools like JUnit, FitNesse, and Cucumber. Practicing TDD can provide benefits like improved code quality, reduced bugs, and increased developer productivity.
Operators in Java are used to specify mathematical, logical, relational, and other operations in code. There are various types of operators including arithmetic, relational, logical, increment/decrement, bitwise, assignment, and casting operators. The precedence of operators determines the order in which they are evaluated. Type casting uses parentheses to explicitly convert values from one data type to another.
The document discusses Java's primitive data types and for loops. It introduces Java's primitive types like int, double, char, and boolean. It covers expressions, operators, and precedence. It then introduces variables, declaring and initializing variables, and using variables in expressions. Finally, it covers the for loop structure with initialization, test, and update sections to allow repetition of code.
The document discusses Java's primitive data types and for loops. It introduces Java's primitive types like int, double, char, and boolean. It covers expressions, operators, and precedence. It then introduces variables, declaring and initializing variables, and using variables in expressions. Finally, it covers the for loop structure with initialization, test, and update sections to allow repetition of code.
1. The document contains code for 8 programming experiments involving algorithms for calculating simple and compound interest, determining Armstrong and Fibonacci numbers, finding the roots of a quadratic equation, matrix operations, and sorting arrays.
2. The algorithms are presented step-by-step and the C code to implement each algorithm is included and commented.
3. Sample inputs and outputs are provided for each program to demonstrate its functionality.
1) The document introduces Visual Basic programming and provides examples of simple console applications that demonstrate key features like comments, modules, and procedures.
2) A simple program is shown that displays the text "Welcome to Visual Basic!" to illustrate comments, modules, and sub procedures. Step-by-step explanations of how to create and run the program in Visual Studio are provided.
3) Another simple program is presented that gets two numbers from the user, adds them, and displays the sum. This illustrates variables, data types, and arithmetic operators.
The document provides details of programs to be implemented in C++ and Java as part of an Object Oriented Programming lab. The C++ programs include implementations of inline function overloading, complex numbers using operator overloading, friend functions, string concatenation using dynamic memory allocation, type conversion using complex numbers, managing bank accounts using inheritance, and a stack class with exception handling. The Java programs include writing simple programs, palindrome checking using strings, interfaces, inheritance, exception handling, and multithreaded programs.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in C++ programming including program structure, variables, data types, operators, input/output, control structures, and functions. It discusses the basic building blocks of a C++ program including comments, header files, declaring variables, reading/writing data, and program flow. Control structures like if/else, switch, while, for, break and continue are explained. The document also covers fundamental C++ concepts such as variables, data types, operators, and basic input/output.
Concept of Problem Solving, Introduction to Algorithms, Characteristics of Algorithms, Introduction to Data Structure, Data Structure Classification (Linear and Non-linear, Static and Dynamic, Persistent and Ephemeral data structures), Time complexity and Space complexity, Asymptotic Notation - The Big-O, Omega and Theta notation, Algorithmic upper bounds, lower bounds, Best, Worst and Average case analysis of an Algorithm, Abstract Data Types (ADT)
Analysis of reinforced concrete deep beam is based on simplified approximate method due to the complexity of the exact analysis. The complexity is due to a number of parameters affecting its response. To evaluate some of this parameters, finite element study of the structural behavior of the reinforced self-compacting concrete deep beam was carried out using Abaqus finite element modeling tool. The model was validated against experimental data from the literature. The parametric effects of varied concrete compressive strength, vertical web reinforcement ratio and horizontal web reinforcement ratio on the beam were tested on eight (8) different specimens under four points loads. The results of the validation work showed good agreement with the experimental studies. The parametric study revealed that the concrete compressive strength most significantly influenced the specimens’ response with the average of 41.1% and 49 % increment in the diagonal cracking and ultimate load respectively due to doubling of concrete compressive strength. Although the increase in horizontal web reinforcement ratio from 0.31 % to 0.63 % lead to average of 6.24 % increment on the diagonal cracking load, it does not influence the ultimate strength and the load-deflection response of the beams. Similar variation in vertical web reinforcement ratio leads to an average of 2.4 % and 15 % increment in cracking and ultimate load respectively with no appreciable effect on the load-deflection response.
"Feed Water Heaters in Thermal Power Plants: Types, Working, and Efficiency G...Infopitaara
A feed water heater is a device used in power plants to preheat water before it enters the boiler. It plays a critical role in improving the overall efficiency of the power generation process, especially in thermal power plants.
🔧 Function of a Feed Water Heater:
It uses steam extracted from the turbine to preheat the feed water.
This reduces the fuel required to convert water into steam in the boiler.
It supports Regenerative Rankine Cycle, increasing plant efficiency.
🔍 Types of Feed Water Heaters:
Open Feed Water Heater (Direct Contact)
Steam and water come into direct contact.
Mixing occurs, and heat is transferred directly.
Common in low-pressure stages.
Closed Feed Water Heater (Surface Type)
Steam and water are separated by tubes.
Heat is transferred through tube walls.
Common in high-pressure systems.
⚙️ Advantages:
Improves thermal efficiency.
Reduces fuel consumption.
Lowers thermal stress on boiler components.
Minimizes corrosion by removing dissolved gases.
We introduce the Gaussian process (GP) modeling module developed within the UQLab software framework. The novel design of the GP-module aims at providing seamless integration of GP modeling into any uncertainty quantification workflow, as well as a standalone surrogate modeling tool. We first briefly present the key mathematical tools on the basis of GP modeling (a.k.a. Kriging), as well as the associated theoretical and computational framework. We then provide an extensive overview of the available features of the software and demonstrate its flexibility and user-friendliness. Finally, we showcase the usage and the performance of the software on several applications borrowed from different fields of engineering. These include a basic surrogate of a well-known analytical benchmark function; a hierarchical Kriging example applied to wind turbine aero-servo-elastic simulations and a more complex geotechnical example that requires a non-stationary, user-defined correlation function. The GP-module, like the rest of the scientific code that is shipped with UQLab, is open source (BSD license).
"Boiler Feed Pump (BFP): Working, Applications, Advantages, and Limitations E...Infopitaara
A Boiler Feed Pump (BFP) is a critical component in thermal power plants. It supplies high-pressure water (feedwater) to the boiler, ensuring continuous steam generation.
⚙️ How a Boiler Feed Pump Works
Water Collection:
Feedwater is collected from the deaerator or feedwater tank.
Pressurization:
The pump increases water pressure using multiple impellers/stages in centrifugal types.
Discharge to Boiler:
Pressurized water is then supplied to the boiler drum or economizer section, depending on design.
🌀 Types of Boiler Feed Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps (most common):
Multistage for higher pressure.
Used in large thermal power stations.
Positive Displacement Pumps (less common):
For smaller or specific applications.
Precise flow control but less efficient for large volumes.
🛠️ Key Operations and Controls
Recirculation Line: Protects the pump from overheating at low flow.
Throttle Valve: Regulates flow based on boiler demand.
Control System: Often automated via DCS/PLC for variable load conditions.
Sealing & Cooling Systems: Prevent leakage and maintain pump health.
⚠️ Common BFP Issues
Cavitation due to low NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head).
Seal or bearing failure.
Overheating from improper flow or recirculation.
In tube drawing process, a tube is pulled out through a die and a plug to reduce its diameter and thickness as per the requirement. Dimensional accuracy of cold drawn tubes plays a vital role in the further quality of end products and controlling rejection in manufacturing processes of these end products. Springback phenomenon is the elastic strain recovery after removal of forming loads, causes geometrical inaccuracies in drawn tubes. Further, this leads to difficulty in achieving close dimensional tolerances. In the present work springback of EN 8 D tube material is studied for various cold drawing parameters. The process parameters in this work include die semi-angle, land width and drawing speed. The experimentation is done using Taguchi’s L36 orthogonal array, and then optimization is done in data analysis software Minitab 17. The results of ANOVA shows that 15 degrees die semi-angle,5 mm land width and 6 m/min drawing speed yields least springback. Furthermore, optimization algorithms named Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Simulated Annealing (SA) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) are applied which shows that 15 degrees die semi-angle, 10 mm land width and 8 m/min drawing speed results in minimal springback with almost 10.5 % improvement. Finally, the results of experimentation are validated with Finite Element Analysis technique using ANSYS.
How to use nRF24L01 module with ArduinoCircuitDigest
Learn how to wirelessly transmit sensor data using nRF24L01 and Arduino Uno. A simple project demonstrating real-time communication with DHT11 and OLED display.
6. Assignment operator
6
Operator Example Same As
= x = y x = y
+= x += y x = x + y
-= x -= y x = x - y
*= x *= y x = x * y
/= x /= y x = x / y
%= x %= y x = x % y
**= x **= y x = x ** y
7. Comparison operator
7
Operator Description
== equal to
=== equal value and equal type
!= not equal
!== not equal value or not equal type
> greater than
< less than
>= greater than or equal to
<= less than or equal to
? ternary operator
8. Comparison operator
8
20==“20”. //output: True. == only check value.
20===“20”. //output: False. === check value and data type.
Syntax for ternary operator:
condition ? exprIfTrue : exprIfFalse
Example:
const age = 26;
const beverage = age >= 5 ? “Coke" : "Juice";
console.log(beverage); // output: Coke
Syntax:
variablename = (condition) ? value1:value2
Example: let voteable = (age < 18) ? "Too young":"Old enough";
11. Worked out example
11
Example 3: Program to take input from prompt and calculate through JS and
display in the browser. (Calculate area of a triangle, take length and height as an
input through prompt and display in the browser.)
Google drive link:
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1DNqm-
2rFkuRJXg5Cb6PMa9fgd82mE-pD?usp=drive_link
Git-hub link: https://github.com/sauravbarua02/triangleAreaCalculation
15. JS codes
15
const resultEl =
document.getElementById("result");
const length = prompt("Enter length in meter
= ");
const height = prompt("Enter height in meter
= ");
function areaCal(){
const area = 0.5*length*height;
resultEl.innerText = "Area of the
triangle: " + area + " sq. meter";
}
areaCal();
16. Class tasks
16
Task 3.1: Program to calculate average penetration in mm from three bitumen
samples in the bitumen penetration test. Take penetration values as input and
display average value in the browser. (hints: average = (val1 + val2 +val3)/3)
Task 3.2: Program to calculate area of a rectangular industrial plot. Take width and
breadth as input and display area (sq. ft) in the browser. (hints: areaRectangle = width x
breadth)
Task 3.3: Program to calculate discharge of an irrigation canal. Take cross-section and
water velocity as input and display discharge (cum/sec) in the browser. (hints:
discharge= crossSection x velocity)
Task 3.4: Program to calculate delay in a signalized intersection. Take travel time and
free flow travel time as input and display delay (sec) in the browser.(hints: delay =
travelTime – freeFlowTravelTime)
Task 3.5: Program to calculate maximum bending moment of a simply supported
beam under UDL . Take UDL and span length as input and display moment (kip-ft) in
the browser.(hints: maxMoment = 1/8 x UDL x span x span)