L3-Psychosocial-Perspective-in-Gender-and-Sexuality.pptx.pdf
- 1. PSYCHOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE IN GENDER AND SEXUALITY Prepared by: MARIA CELINA LL. NARON College Instructor
- 2. OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to: ▪discuss the psychosocial dimensions of gender and sexuality ▪develop an understanding of gender as something that is socially constructed ▪reflect upon one’s responsibility in ensuring psychosocial wellness in the aspect of gender and development. ▪identify needs, issues and concerns experienced by people who are in a romantic relationship and reflect upon one’s attitudes towards love, intimacy and sexual expression
- 3. OVERVIE W In this lesson, students will have the opportunity to explore sex and gender from the psychological and sociological perspectives. What are the psychosocial needs of people in relation to their gender and the relationships surrounding one’s gender identity and sexuality? What concepts and principles can help make sense of people’s gendered behaviors and experiences?
- 4. ACTIVIT Y Sexual Orientation Test https://www.idrlabs.com/sexual-orientation/test.php •Your teacher will send the link via Google Classroom. •Click the link for the Sexual Orientation survey. •Answer all 15 questions. •For questions 2-15, select only one icon that corresponds to your answer. •After each question, click the Next button to proceed. •Once you complete all questions, click the Finish button. •Your test result will then be revealed.
- 5. Gender and Sexuality as a Psychosocial Issue
- 6. An encompassing term comprised by two primary aspects: psychological and social Psychological pertains to anything associated with mental process and behaviors Social pertains to anything associated with human relationships, connections and interaction What does psychosocial mean? It means how a person’s thoughts and feelings (psychological) are connected to their relationships and surroundings (social).
- 7. The psychological aspect of gender and sexuality anchors itself on the field of psychology. Psychology is a field of science which concerns itself with how people think and feel and how thoughts and feelings interact and lead to behavior. 3 Primary Psychological Domains 1. Affect (Affective Domain) – feelings and emotions 2. Behavior (Behavioral Domain) – action (overt/covert) 3. Cognition (Cognitive Domain) – thought
- 8. In attempting to understand why humans behave the way they do, it is important to learn to recognize the interplay among the three: How one’s Influence one’s Emotions → thoughts Emotions → behaviors Thoughts → emotions Thoughts → behavior Behaviors → emotion Behaviors → thoughts AFFECT COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR
- 9. The social aspect of gender and sexuality primarily anchors itself on the field of sociology and allied fields such as social psychology. Sociology is a field of science that studies how people live, work, and interact with each other in groups or society. This means the study of gender and sexuality can also be viewed from the lens of people’s experiences and realities as they interact with other individuals, groups and institutions.
- 10. Understanding the Psychosocial Dimension ✔ Awareness ✔ Intimacy and Relationship ✔ Socialization ✔ Well-being
- 11. Awareness It refers to our conscious understanding of something. Given the capacity to think and recognize the self, an important aspect of identity and human development is self-awareness. Self-awareness is self-focused attention and knowledge. Being self-aware means recognizing one’s strengths, weaknesses, interests, aspirations, values, fears, among many other aspects of one’s identity.
- 12. In terms of gender and sexuality, being self-aware means having a sense of: ✔what one’s gender is, ✔what one’s sexual orientation is, ✔how one expresses one’s gender, ✔what one’s values and convictions are, ✔knowing what one is comfortable and afraid of, ✔why one reacts a certain way, etc. This requires constant self-reflection and a realistic evaluation of how one interacts with and responds to the world.
- 13. Intimacy and Relationship As two people begin to get to know each other, interact more often and share more of themselves, they form a relationship, a bond formed between two or more people, manifested through communication and interaction. This may or may not be formal and may or may not be time-bound. As people continue to engage in relationships with others, they invest time, energy and resources.
- 14. Part of what people may share and develop is intimacy. Intimacy is a state of extreme emotional closeness such that each party’s personal space can be entered by the other party without causing discomfort to the former. It entails a deep understanding of one another and requires mutual trust and respect.
- 15. Three (3) Types of Intimacy 1. Emotional 2. Mental/Intellectual 3. Physical (sexual/non-sexual) It is also important to note that not everyone in a romantic, committed or sexual relationship also has intimacy with one’s partner. Nevertheless, intimacy is something that can be cultivated in relationships.
- 16. As social beings, we also learn from our own experiences and from the lessons taught to us by those who have come before us. How we behave in relation to other people, with due consideration to social expectations related to our gender, and how we make choices to balance out personal and social goals, might be passed on to us through education and other cultural preoccupations. The process by which we learn cultural norms and traditions is referred to as socialization.
- 17. Well-being as a Psychosocial Goal In studying the psychosocial aspect of gender and sexuality, it is important to consider that the aim is for people to achieve and experience a state of well-being—a state of satisfaction, meaning and purpose in life. Two (2) General Classifications 1. Objective 2. Subjective
- 18. Subjective Well-being It is a person's personal perception of their overall happiness and satisfaction with life. It is influenced by internal factors such as thoughts, feelings, and beliefs. In common term, the closes word to also mean this well-being is happiness. Examples: ▪Life satisfaction ▪Positive/Negative emotions ▪Meaning and Purpose ▪Self-Esteem Objective Well-being It refersto the measurable aspects of life that contribute to overall happiness and satisfaction. It is often based on external factors and can be quantified. Examples: ▪Income ▪Health ▪Education ▪Social connections ▪Housing
- 19. Dimension of Well-being WELLNESS Intellectual The ability to open our minds to new ideas and experiences that can be applied to personal decisions, group interaction and community betterment. Emotional The ability to understand ourselves and cope with the challenges life can bring. Occupational The ability to get personal fulfillment from our jobs or chosen career fields while still maintaining balance in our lives. Environmental The ability to recognize our own responsibility for the quality of the environment that surrounds us. Financial The ability to identify our relationship with money and skills in managing resources. An intricate balance of the mental, spiritual and physical aspects of money. Spiritual The ability to establish peace and harmony in our lives. Physical The ability to maintain a healthy quality of life without undue fatigues or physical stress. Social The ability to relate to and connect with other people in our world.
- 20. Love, Intimacy and Relationships In February 15, 2015, an article featuring a study by McCann World Group, among 30, 000 respondents from 29 countries, came out of a national newspaper, bannering the title “Filipinos most expressive about love among Asia Pacific countries – study” (Hegina 2015). This article presented an interesting result: The Filipinos say “I love you” approximately 17 times in a week, making us 6th among the countries in the survey, which are most articulate and expressive.
- 21. Robert Sternberg, a psychologist renowned for his theory of love asked, in his 1986 paper: “What does it mean “to love” someone? Does it always mean the same thing and if not, in what ways do loves differ from each other?
- 22. Love A human experience differently defined and conceptualized. ▪It is a culture universal ▪It is a social phenomenon ▪It is an emotion ▪It is a neurobiological event
- 23. LOVE AS A CULTURE UNIVERSAL This means it is a phenomenon experienced similarly by people across time, place and culture. Although there are variations across time and place as to how to it seen and expressed, the experience of love is common to people. LOVE AS A SOCIAL PHENOMENON It results from our interaction and relationships with the people around us. Interaction entails a degree of social influence exercised by two people during a social encounter—using communication, giving and receiving information as well as language, verbal or non-verbal (e.g. paralanguage such as pitch, volume, intonation) symbols that people of a culture use to convey meaning, and realities.
- 24. LOVE AS AN EMOTION An emotion is a physiological response that we interpret psychologically and then react to. Emotions may be basic or complex. Basic Emotions Complex Emotions Joy Sadness Fear Disgust Anger Combination of basic emotions in varying magnitudes and are made intricate by circumstances surrounding the experience Example: The people involved The place and time where the emotion is experienced
- 25. LOVE AS A NEUROBIOLOGICAL EVENT It refers to the idea that feelings of love are driven by brain chemistry and neural processes. When someone experiences love, the brain releases chemicals like dopamine, oxytocin, and serotonin, which create feelings of pleasure, attachment, and bonding. Different areas of the brain, such as the reward system and the emotional processing centers, are activated during these experiences. This neurobiological response explains why love can influence emotions, behavior, and physical sensations, linking it to our biology and evolution.
- 26. Dopamine is more about seeking rewards and pleasure (often short-term) Oxytocin is tied to bonding and emotional connection (especially long-term relationships) Serotonin influences overall mood stability and emotional well-being.
- 27. THEORIZING LOVE Since love is a rather complex idea, which can be described, defined and experienced in myriad of ways, several theories and frameworks offer diverse perspectives on how it can be understood and explained. ❑Psychodynamic View on Love by Sigmund Freud ❑Color Wheel of Love by John Alan Lee ❑Triangular Model of Love by Robert Sternberg ❑Romantic and Companionate Love by Hatfield and Rapson ❑Love Languages by Gary Chapman ❑Relationship Stage Theory by George Levinger
- 28. PSYCHODYNAMIC VIEW ON LOVE by Sigmund Freud Psychodynamic means looking at how our unconscious thoughts and past experiences, especially from childhood, shape our current behavior and emotions. Two (2) Main Ideas 1. Libido (sexual energy): Love is closely tied to sexual desire, rooted in unconscious urges from childhood. 2. Narcissism: Love also stems from self-love, where we seek partners who reflect our ideal selves or meet our needs. In short, Freud saw love as a mix of unconscious sexual and self-driven desires, shaped by early life experiences.
- 29. Freud's view of love connects to his concepts of Eros and Thanatos, the life and death instincts: ▪Eros (Life Instinct): Drives love through sexual desire, intimacy, and reproduction. It fuels our desire to connect and form life-affirming relationships. ▪Thanatos (Death Instinct): Represents destructive impulses like aggression, jealousy, and possessiveness that can appear in love. Freud saw love as a balance between Eros, which fosters creation and connection, and Thanatos, which can introduce destructive elements into relationships.
- 30. Hence, from a psychodynamic view, love can be seen as a manifestation of our eros (life instinct) and the placement of our libido (sexual energy) unto an object (a think or person towards who we transfer our psychic energies to ease pain or achieve pleasure)
- 31. COLOR WHEEL OF LOVE by John Alan Lee It is a psychological model that describes six primary love styles, each represented by a color. These styles are based on ancient Greek and Latin terms.
- 32. Primary types Eros: Passionate, romantic love Ludus: Playful, game-like love Storge: Affectionate, companionate love Secondary types Pragma (agape + ludus): Practical, logical love Mania (eros + ludus): Obsessive, possessive love Agape (ludus + storge): Selfless, unconditional love
- 33. TRIANGULAR MODEL OF LOVE by Robert Sternberg The model attempts to codify and measure love based on three dimensions: 1. Intimacy – feelings of closeness, connectedness, and warmth in a relationship 2. Passion – drives that lead to physical attraction, sexual consummation and related phenomena 3. Commitment – agency component of choosing to engage in and maintain the relationship The presence or absence and the combinations of any of these three dimensions indicates the type of love people experience for another.
- 34. The combination of these dimensions yields a particular love type. ▪ Romantic Love (Intimacy + Passion): Emotional closeness with physical attraction, but without long-term commitment. ▪ Companionate Love (Intimacy + Commitment): A deep bond and commitment without the passion typical of romantic relationships. ▪ Fatuous Love (Passion + Commitment): Strong passion and a commitment to the relationship, but lacking emotional intimacy. ▪ Consummate Love (Intimacy + Passion + Commitment): The complete form of love, combining all three components—often
- 35. LOVE LANGUAGES by Gary Chapman Chapman suggests that each person has a primary love language, and understanding and addressing your partner's love language can enhance emotional connection and relationship satisfaction.
- 36. 1. Words of Affirmation: Expressing love through verbal compliments, appreciation, and affirming words. 2. Acts of Service: Demonstrating love by performing helpful or thoughtful actions, such as chores or favors. 3. Receiving Gifts: Showing love through tangible gifts that reflect thoughtfulness and The concept of Love Languages identifies five distinct ways people express and receive love.
- 37. 4. Quality Time: Spending focused and meaningful time together, engaging in shared activities or conversations. 5. Physical Touch: Expressing love through physical contact, such as hugs, kisses, and holding hands.
- 38. RELATIONSHIP STAGE THEORY by George Levinger Each relationship goes through stages. This is important to understand as people sometimes go into a relationship thinking how they felt and interacted with their partner in the beginning will remain the same throughout the rest of the relationship. Five-stage theory to describe intimate relationships: 1. Acquaintance 2. Buildup 3. Consolidation/Continuation 4. Decline/Deterioration 5. Ending/Termination
- 39. 1. Acquaintance – This is the initial stage where two people first meet and begin to interact. They may exchange basic information and engage in casual conversations. Attraction begins at this stage based on factors such as proximity, exposure, similarity, physical attractiveness as well as first impressions. 2. Buildup – As the relationship develops, the couple starts to spend more time together and become more emotionally invested. They may share personal experiences, develop trust, and explore their compatibility.
- 40. 3. Consolidation / Continuation – This stage represents the deepening of the relationship, characterized by a strong emotional bond and a sense of commitment. Couples may make significant decisions together, such as moving in together or getting married. During this stage, the people involved decide to commit to try to make the relationship last (e.g. becoming exclusive, living together, marrying each other). 4. Decline / Deterioration – In this stage, the relationship may begin to experience challenges or difficulties. Communication breakdowns, conflicts, or loss of interest can contribute to the decline. There may be infidelity (the breech of loyalty and promises as agreed upon by both individuals) or irreconcilable differences.
- 41. 5. Ending/Termination This final stage marks the end of the relationship, which can occur through mutual agreement, separation, or divorce.
- 42. SUMMARY ❑Gender and sexuality are influenced by both personal and societal factors. ❑Social norms and cultural beliefs shape how we understand and express our gender and sexuality. ❑Love is a complex emotion with different theories. ❑Understanding these concepts helps promote respect and acceptance for all.
- 43. ASSESSMENT A. Quiz Time! The link will be shared in the group chat, and the teacher will provide the deadline for answering the 15 items quiz. B. Reflection Paper No. 2: Comment on the article: “Explore and Indulge (2015). Julia Buencamino Suicidal Letter.” See: http://exploreandindulge.blogspot.com/2015/07/julia-buencamino-suic idal-letter.html WARNING: This article discusses topics related to suicide, anxiety, and depression.