Labsheet_3

Aug 7, 2012Download as DOC, PDF0 likes675 views

This document discusses C++ input and output programming fundamentals. It covers topics like stream insertion and extraction operators, header files for input/output, escape sequences, and formatting output using manipulators. The lab activities practice getting user input, setting field widths, and left-justifying output. Exercises include displaying a pattern using manipulators, converting currency, and calculating the hypotenuse of a right triangle.

F2037 PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTAL WITH C++

LAB 3: INPUT/OUTPUT

Objectives

By the end of this lab, students should be able to :
• Describe the structure of input-output statement
• Write a program that use the input and output
statements

Theory/ Topics

• In C++, << is called stream insertion operator.
• Output on standard output device (such as monitor) is
accomplish via the use of cout and operator >>.
• In C++, >> is called stream extraction operator.
• Input from the standard input device (such as
keyboard) is accomplished by using cin.
• To use cin and cout, the program must include header
file iostream.
• A manipulator is used to format output.
• endl is the simplest manipulator which cause insertion
point to move to the beginning of next line.
• In C++, is called the escape character while n is
called newline escape sequence.
• Common escape sequence is shown in the following
table:
For this Use this Example Output
"Don't do
' ' Don't do that
that"
"She said
" " She said "hi"
"hi""
"Backslash: Backslash:

"

1

F2037 PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTAL WITH C++

1
[newline] n "1n2"
2
[horizontal tab] t "1t2" 12

• Manipulators allowed us to format the output in a
desired way.
• To use manipulator we need to include header file
iomanip.
• The following table is showing manipulators that is
commonly used:
Syntax Purpose
setprecision(n) Set decimal precision
setfill(c) Setfill character
setw(n) Set field width

Activity 3A

Procedure :

Step 1: Type the programs given below
Step 2: Compile and run the program. Write the output.
Step 3: Save the program as lab3A.cpp.

The following program illustrate input name from user and
the usage of usage of header file string.h

#include <iostream>
#include <string >

using namespace std;

void main()
{

2

F2037 PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTAL WITH C++

string name;
cout << "Please enter your name : ";
cin >> name;
cout << "Your name have " <<
name.size() << "
characters.n";
}

Activity 3B

Procedure :

Step 1: Type the programs given below
Step 2: Compile and run the program. Write the output.
Step 3: Save the program as Lab3B.cpp.

// setfill example
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;

int main ()
{
cout << setfill ('x') << setw (10);
cout << 77 << endl;
return 0;
}

Activity 3C

Procedure :

Step 1: Type the programs given below
Step 2: Compile and run the program. Write the output.
Step 3: Save the program as Lab3C.cpp.

3

F2037 PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTAL WITH C++

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
const int max = 12;
const int width = 6;
for(int row = 1;row <= max;row++)
{
for(int col = 1;col <= max;col++)
{
cout << setw(width) << row * col;
}
cout << endl;
}
return 0;
}

Activity 3D

Procedure :

Step 1: Type the programs given below
Step 2: Compile and run the program. Write the output.
Step 3: Save the program as Lab3C.cpp.

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
const int max = 12;
const int width = 6;
for(int row = 1;row <= max;row++) {
if(row % 2) {
cout << setiosflags(ios::left);
}

4

F2037 PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTAL WITH C++

else {
cout <<
resetiosflags(ios::left);
}
for(int col = 1;col <= max;col+
+) {
cout << setw(width) <<
row * col;
}
cout << endl;
}
return 0;
}

Activity 3D

Procedure :

Step 1: Type the programs given below
Step 2: Compile and run the program. Write the output.
Step 3: Save the program as Lab3D..cpp.

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
double x = 800000.0/81.0;
cout << setprecision(2) << x;
return 0;
}

Exercise 3.1

5

F2037 PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTAL WITH C++

Display the following output using function provided in header
file, iomanip.

**********
********
*****
***
*

Exercise 3.2

Write a program the will receive an input in $US and
display the corresponding value in RM. (RM3.52 = $US1).

Exercise 3.3

Write a program that will receive 2 inputs (a and b) and
calculate the value of c by using Pythagoras Theorem.

(Hint: Use mathematical library functions)

Check:
c If a = 4, b = 3
b hence c = 5

a

6

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2. F2037 PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTAL WITH C++ 1 [newline] n "1n2" 2 [horizontal tab] t "1t2" 12 • Manipulators allowed us to format the output in a desired way. • To use manipulator we need to include header file iomanip. • The following table is showing manipulators that is commonly used: Syntax Purpose setprecision(n) Set decimal precision setfill(c) Setfill character setw(n) Set field width Activity 3A Procedure : Step 1: Type the programs given below Step 2: Compile and run the program. Write the output. Step 3: Save the program as lab3A.cpp. The following program illustrate input name from user and the usage of usage of header file string.h #include <iostream> #include <string > using namespace std; void main() { 2

3. F2037 PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTAL WITH C++ string name; cout << "Please enter your name : "; cin >> name; cout << "Your name have " << name.size() << " characters.n"; } Activity 3B Procedure : Step 1: Type the programs given below Step 2: Compile and run the program. Write the output. Step 3: Save the program as Lab3B.cpp. // setfill example #include <iostream> #include <iomanip> using namespace std; int main () { cout << setfill ('x') << setw (10); cout << 77 << endl; return 0; } Activity 3C Procedure : Step 1: Type the programs given below Step 2: Compile and run the program. Write the output. Step 3: Save the program as Lab3C.cpp. 3

4. F2037 PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTAL WITH C++ #include <iostream> #include <iomanip> using namespace std; int main() { const int max = 12; const int width = 6; for(int row = 1;row <= max;row++) { for(int col = 1;col <= max;col++) { cout << setw(width) << row * col; } cout << endl; } return 0; } Activity 3D Procedure : Step 1: Type the programs given below Step 2: Compile and run the program. Write the output. Step 3: Save the program as Lab3C.cpp. #include <iostream> #include <iomanip> using namespace std; int main() { const int max = 12; const int width = 6; for(int row = 1;row <= max;row++) { if(row % 2) { cout << setiosflags(ios::left); } 4

5. F2037 PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTAL WITH C++ else { cout << resetiosflags(ios::left); } for(int col = 1;col <= max;col+ +) { cout << setw(width) << row * col; } cout << endl; } return 0; } Activity 3D Procedure : Step 1: Type the programs given below Step 2: Compile and run the program. Write the output. Step 3: Save the program as Lab3D..cpp. #include <iostream> #include <iomanip> using namespace std; int main() { double x = 800000.0/81.0; cout << setprecision(2) << x; return 0; } Exercise 3.1 5

6. F2037 PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTAL WITH C++ Display the following output using function provided in header file, iomanip. ********** ******** ***** *** * Exercise 3.2 Write a program the will receive an input in $US and display the corresponding value in RM. (RM3.52 = $US1). Exercise 3.3 Write a program that will receive 2 inputs (a and b) and calculate the value of c by using Pythagoras Theorem. (Hint: Use mathematical library functions) Check: c If a = 4, b = 3 b hence c = 5 a 6

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