Landuse landcover mapping
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The document discusses the distinctions between land cover and land use, explaining that land cover refers to the physical features present on the earth's surface, while land use pertains to human activities associated with these features. It outlines a classification system for mapping land cover and land use using remote sensing data, detailing various categories from urban to agricultural and rangeland. Additionally, the document emphasizes the significance of accuracy and various applications of land cover and land use mapping in urban planning and environmental assessments.
Landuse landcover mapping
- 1. LAND USE/ LAND COVER Geo-informatics & Remote Sensing For Planning
- 2. Land Cover/ Land Use Mapping •Land cover refers to the feature present and land use refers to the human activity associated with a plot of land. •Land cover: the type physcial feature present on the surface of the Earth. • For example, corn fields, lakes, forests, concrete highways. •Land use: refers to human activity or economic function associated with a • specific piece of land. For example, land use of agriculture can include : corn, rice, sugar cane, tobacco, orchards, … and so on, all of which are different land cover types.
- 3. Land Cover/ Land Use Mapping •Land use and land cover classification system for use with remote sensor data •Level I Level II •1 Urban or Built-up Land 11 Residential 12 Commercial and Services 13 Industrial 14 Transportation, Communications, and Utilities 15 Industrial and Commercial Complexes 16 Mixed Urban or Built-up Land 17 Other Urban or Built-up Land
- 4. Land Cover/ Land Use Mapping •Level I Level II •2 Agricultural Land 21 Cropland and Pasture 22 Orchards, Groves, Vineyards, Nurseries, and Ornamental Horticultural Areas 23 Confined Feeding Operations 24 Other Agricultural Land •3 Rangeland 31 Herbaceous Rangeland 32 Shrub and Brush Rangeland 33 Mixed Rangeland •4 Forest Land 41 Deciduous Forest Land 42 Evergreen Forest Land 43 Mixed Forest Land •5 Water 51 Streams and Canals
- 5. Land Cover/ Land Use Mapping •Level I Level II 52 Lakes 53 Reservoirs 54 Bays and Estuaries •6 Wetland 61 Forested Wetland 62 Nonforested Wetland •7 Barren Land 71 Dry Salt Flats. 72 Beaches 73 Sandy Areas other than Beaches 74 Bare Exposed Rock
- 6. Continue… 75 Strip Mines Quarries, and Gravel Pits 76 Transitional Areas 77 Mixed Barren Land •8 Tundra 81 Shrub and Brush Tundra 82 Herbaceous Tundra 83 Bare Ground Tundra 84 Wet Tundra 85 Mixed Tundra •9 Perennial Snow or Ice 91 Perennial Snowfields 92 Glaciers
- 7. Land Cover/ Land Use Mapping •Level 3 and 4 categories deliver even more detail. •USGS only specifies classifications for 1 and 2. They suggest that higher level classification be designed by local planners who know the land uses, because of the narrowness of the categories • As an example for level 3, with “urban” (level 1) “residential” (level 2) category, includes single family home (111), multifamily home (112), group quarters (113), mobile home parks (115), etc. •LANDSAT data can be used to generate level 1 easily, level 2 with some finesse (15 to 20 m resolution recommended) •Levels 3 and 4, IKONOS data or aerial photographs are needed. Level 4 requires much supplemental information
- 8. Land Cover/ Land Use Mapping •Here is an example of LANDSAT data classified using the Anderson System
- 9. Criteria for USGS Classification LU/LC classification system 1. The minimum interpretation accuracy with remotely sensed data is >=85% 2. Accuracy of interpretation for several categories should be equal. 3. Repeatable results from one interpreter to another and from one time of sensing to another. 4. Applicable to extensive areas 5. Categorization permit land use be inferred from the land cover types 6. Suitable for use with remotely sensed data obtained at different times of the year. 7. Categories can be divided into more detailed subcagories that can be obtained from large scale imagery or ground surveys. 8. Aggregation of categories be possible 9. Comparison with future land use and land cover data should be possible 10.Multiple uses of land should be recognized when possible.
- 10. USGS Land use/ Land cover Classification System for Use with Remotely Sensed Data
- 11. Continue…
- 12. Land Cover (LC): the biophysical material covering the earth’s surface Land Use (LU): how humans are using the land surface Examples land cover: impervious surface land use: parking lot land cover: grass land use: recreational field Land Cover vs. Land Use
- 13. Classification system: systematic categorization of LU or LC types Often hierarchical progressing from the general to the specific, e.g., level I --> level II --> level III Examples: USGS LU/LC (Anderson et al., 1976) Coastal Change Analysis Program (CCAP) USF&WS NWI (Cowardin et al., 1979) LU/LC Classification systems
- 14. Existing USGS Land Cover Products For more info: http://edc.usgs.gov/products/landcover.html National Land Cover Dataset 1992 (NLCD 92) A U.S. land cover classification product based primarily on 1992 Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data. MRLC2000 (Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics 2000) Selected ETM+ and TM scenes (Landsats 7 and 5) from the National Land Cover Characterization 2000 project. Land Use and Land Cover Data (LULC) Historical U.S. land use and land cover data derived from 1970`s and 1980`s aerial photography. Global Land Cover Characterization (GLCC) A global land cover database primarily derived from 1992 to 1993 1-km AVHRR data.
- 15. Uncontrolled maps: prepared at photo scale by direct tracing. Area measurements no more accurate than from the photos directly, depends on flatness of the terrain Controlled maps: transfer onto planimetric base map of uniform scale. Needed for precise measurement of area. Minimum Mapping Unit: smallest area of land that is mapped as a separate unit or entity, depends on scale & user requirements Mapping Considerations
- 16. Shape Size Shadows - shape & height Tone/Color Texture Pattern Site Association Visual Interpreting Land Cover
- 17. Major categories of urban land use Industrial Commercial/service Transportation/utilities Institutional (schools, government) Residential Recreational
- 18. More on color: remember image color is a function of the spectral reflectance pattern of the object
- 19. Chlorophyll absorbs large % of red and blue for photosynthesis- and strongly reflects in green (.55um) um Peak reflectance in leaves in near infrared (.7- 1.2um) up to 50% of infrared energy per leaf is scattered up or down due to cell wall size, shape, leaf condition (age, stress, disease), etc. Reflectance in Mid IR (2-4um) influenced by water content-water absorbs IR energy, so live leaves reduce mid IR return In a CIR photo, A color example-plant leaves Hi NIR ------------> Hi Red Very Lo Red ------------> Very Lo Green Very Lo to Lo Green -----------> Very Lo to Lo Blue As a result due to the additive color processes, the color would be Red to Magenta
- 20. Spectral reflectance characteristics are both spatially and temporally variable. For example, each leaf is different and can change
- 21. Cultural Features Identification Building size, shape and associated features Major transportation routes: highways and rail- lines, canals/ports, airports Street pattern and density Open/green spaces: vegetation type and cover
- 22. Industrial Classification Key Extraction: characterized by excavations, piles, ponds, tanks, earth-moving equipment Processing: characterized by bulk material storage, large processing equipment, power plant/smokestacks, waste piles/ponds Fabrication: characterized by few facilities for storing bulk materials, 1 story warehouse type buildings, rail/truck transportation
- 23. Identifying and correcting the sources of errors may increase the quality of map information Accuracy aspects in LU/LC mapping Need of mapping To solve the problems related with conversion of agricultural land into urban use. Analysing city expansions in all directions resulting in large scale changes in urban landuse.
- 24. Applications
- 25. Vegetation Mapping Applications Forest stand mapping for timber evaluation - species identification - timber volume: density, canopy closure, tree height Plant vigor, disease and stress detection Wildlife habitat mapping Outdoor recreation capability surveys
- 26. Urban-Cultural applications Parking and transportation studies Residential development analysis indicators of housing quality real estate evaluation Brown-fields location/evaluation Open space location/evaluation
- 27. Engineering Applications Large projects site location/evaluation Transportation route location/selection Construction material surveys Natural hazard investigations Post-disaster damage surveys Monitoring disturbed land Water pollution investigations
- 28. THANK YOU