Laravel 101
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This document provides an overview of Laravel, an open source PHP web application framework. It discusses getting started with Laravel, including prerequisites and creating a new project. It then covers key Laravel concepts like routing, controllers, views, databases, migrations, models, forms, and validation. The document is intended as an introductory Laravel 101 guide for beginners to help them understand the framework's basic structure and features.
![ROUTE PARAMETERS
// pass parameters via URI
Route::get('/hello/{name}', function($name)
{
return 'Hello, ' . $name;
});
app/routes.php
// escape output for safety
Route::get('/hello/{name}', function($name)
{
return 'Hello, ' . e($name);
});
app/routes.php
// filter the URI data
Route::get('/hello/{name}', function($name)
{
return 'Hello, ' . e($name);
})->where('name','[A-za-z]+');
app/routes.php
// make the param optional
Route::get('/hello/{name?}', function($name='stranger')
{
return 'Hello, ' . e($name);
})->where('name','[A-za-z]+');
app/routes.php](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/laravel101-150417074129-conversion-gate02/85/Laravel-101-17-320.jpg)
![CONFIGURATION
return array(
'default' => 'mysql',
'connections' => array(
'mysql' => array(
'driver' => 'mysql',
'host' => 'localhost',
'database' => 'my-project',
'username' => 'db_user',
'password' => 's3creT_pa5sw0rD'
'charset' => 'utf8',
'collation' => 'utf8_unicode_ci',
'prefix' => '',
),
…
app/config/database.php
return array(
'default' => 'mysql',
'connections' => array(
'mysql' => array(
'driver' => 'mysql',
'host' => 'localhost',
'database' => 'my-project',
'username' => $_ENV['MYSQL_USER'],
'password' => $_ENV['MYSQL_PASS'],
'charset' => 'utf8',
'collation' => 'utf8_unicode_ci',
'prefix' => '',
),
…
app/config/database.php](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/laravel101-150417074129-conversion-gate02/85/Laravel-101-32-320.jpg)
![MUTATORS
class Post extends Eloquent {
public function setTextAttribute($value)
{
$value = trim($value);
$this->attributes['text'] = $value;
// not limited to modifying the one attribute
$this->attributes['excerpt'] = substr($value,0,97) . '...'
}
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/laravel101-150417074129-conversion-gate02/85/Laravel-101-47-320.jpg)
![VALIDATION RULES
$rules = array(
'firstname' => 'required',
'lastname' => 'alpha',
'email' => 'email',
'age' => 'integer|between:18,65',
'agree' => array('required','accepted'),
'website' => 'url',
'password' => 'confirmed', // implies matching 'password
'company_id' => 'exists:companies,id',
'gender' => 'in:male,female',
'photo' => 'mimes:jpeg,png|max:100', // kilobytes
'postalcode' => 'regex:^[A-Z][0-9][A-Z] ?[0-9][A-Z][0-9]$'
);](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/laravel101-150417074129-conversion-gate02/85/Laravel-101-62-320.jpg)
Laravel 101
- 2. IONUT TANASA
- 3. LARAVEL A free, open source, MVC web-application framework 2011 (v1.0) — current (v5.0.26) Package-based dependency management laravel.com
- 5. PREREQUISITES PHP 5.4.x Mcrypt extension JSON extension Composer and install it globally! getcomposer.org
- 7. STARTING A NEW PROJECT composer global require "laravel/installer=~1.1" laravel new blog composer create-project laravel/laravel my-project --prefer-dist git clone [email protected]:laravel/laravel.git my-project cd my-project composer install curl -L -O https://github.com/laravel/laravel/archive/master.zip unzip master.zip mv laravel-master my-project cd my-project composer install
- 8. GIT IT UNDER CONTROL I see what you did.
- 10. PROJECT FOLDERS app < your stuff bootstrap < startup stuff public < static stuff: img, js, css, etc. composer.json < other people's stuff you want vendor < other people's stuff
- 12. ARTISAN
- 13. ARTISAN Command line tool to make working with Laravel easier. php artisan
- 14. BUILT-IN SERVER php artisan serve --port 8000
- 15. ROUTING
- 16. BASIC ROUTING Route::get('/', function() { return 'Hello World!'; }); app/routes.php
- 17. ROUTE PARAMETERS // pass parameters via URI Route::get('/hello/{name}', function($name) { return 'Hello, ' . $name; }); app/routes.php // escape output for safety Route::get('/hello/{name}', function($name) { return 'Hello, ' . e($name); }); app/routes.php // filter the URI data Route::get('/hello/{name}', function($name) { return 'Hello, ' . e($name); })->where('name','[A-za-z]+'); app/routes.php // make the param optional Route::get('/hello/{name?}', function($name='stranger') { return 'Hello, ' . e($name); })->where('name','[A-za-z]+'); app/routes.php
- 18. LISTING ROUTES php artisan routes
- 19. CONTROLLERS
- 20. CONTROLLER ROUTING Route::get('hello/{name?}', 'HelloController@showWelcome'); app/routes.php class HelloController extends BaseController { public function showWelcome($name='stranger') { return 'Hello, '. e($name) . '!'; } } app/controllers/HelloController.php
- 21. RESTFUL CONTROLLERS Route::controller('users', 'UsersController'); app/routes.php class UsersController extends BaseController { public function getIndex() { // GET http://domain.com/users } public function postProfile() { // POST http://domain.com/users/profile } } app/controllers/UsersController.php
- 22. RESOURCE CONTROLLERS php artisan controller:make PostsController Route::resource('posts', 'PostsController'); app/routes.php class PostsController extends BaseController { public function index() {} public function create() {} public function store() {} public function show($id) {} public function edit($id) {} public function update($id) {} public function destroy($id) {} } app/controllers/PostsController.php php artisan routes
- 23. VIEWS
- 24. PASSING DATA TO VIEWS class HelloController extends BaseController { public function showWelcome($name='stranger') { return View::make('hello', array('name'=>$name) ); } } app/controller/HelloController.php class HelloController extends BaseController { public function showWelcome($name='stranger') { return View::make('hello', compact('name') ); } } app/controller/HelloController.php <html> <body> <p>Hello, <?php echo e($name); ?>!</p> </body> </html> app/views/hello.php <html> <body> <p>Hello, {{{ $name }}}!</p> </body> </html> app/views/hello.blade.php
- 25. BLADE TEMPLATING
- 26. OUTPUTTING DATA <html> <body> // echo and escape output Hello {{ $name }}! Hello {{{ $html }}}! </body> </html> app/views/VIEWNAME.blade.php
- 27. IF STATEMENTS @if( $name=='Bob' ) Good to see you, Bob! @elseif( $name=='Mary' ) Howya doing, Mary! @else Hey, where did Bob go? @endif @unless( $signed_in ) You are not signed in. @endunless app/views/VIEWNAME.blade.php
- 28. LOOPS @for ($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++) The current value is {{ $i }} @endfor @foreach ($users as $user) <p>This is user {{ $user->id }}</p> @endforeach @while (true) <p>Make it stop!</p> @endwhile app/views/VIEWNAME.blade.php
- 29. LAYOUTS <html> <body> @include('header') {{-- app/views/header.blade.php --}} @section('sidebar') This is the master sidebar. @show <div class="container"> @yield('content', 'Default content') </div> </body> </html> app/views/layouts/master.blade.php @extends('layouts.master') @section('sidebar') @parent <p>This is appended to the master sidebar.</p> @stop @section('content') app/views/VIEWNAME.blade.php
- 30. DATABASE
- 31. SUPPORTED DATABASES Out-of-the-box support for: MySQL Postgres SQLite SQL Server
- 32. CONFIGURATION return array( 'default' => 'mysql', 'connections' => array( 'mysql' => array( 'driver' => 'mysql', 'host' => 'localhost', 'database' => 'my-project', 'username' => 'db_user', 'password' => 's3creT_pa5sw0rD' 'charset' => 'utf8', 'collation' => 'utf8_unicode_ci', 'prefix' => '', ), … app/config/database.php return array( 'default' => 'mysql', 'connections' => array( 'mysql' => array( 'driver' => 'mysql', 'host' => 'localhost', 'database' => 'my-project', 'username' => $_ENV['MYSQL_USER'], 'password' => $_ENV['MYSQL_PASS'], 'charset' => 'utf8', 'collation' => 'utf8_unicode_ci', 'prefix' => '', ), … app/config/database.php
- 33. SECRET ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES return array( 'MYSQL_USER' => 'dbuser', 'MYSQL_PASS' => 's3creT_pa5sw0rD', ); .env.php
- 34. MIGRATIONS
- 35. PREPARING php artisan migrate:install php artisan migrate:make create_posts_table --create="posts"
- 36. MIGRATION FILE use IlluminateDatabaseSchemaBlueprint; use IlluminateDatabaseMigrationsMigration; class CreatePostsTable extends Migration { /** * Run the migrations. * * @return void */ public function up() { // } /** * Reverse the migrations. * app/database/migrations/###_create_posts_table.php
- 37. SCHEMA BUILDING public function up() { Schema::create('posts', function(Blueprint $table) { $table->increments('id'); $table->string('title', 50); $table->text('text')->nullable(); $table->boolean('active')->default(true); $table->timestamps(); // created_at and updated_at }); } public function down() { Schema::drop('posts'); }
- 38. RUN MIGRATIONS php artisan migrate OOOPS! php artisan migrate:rollback
- 39. MODELS
- 40. ELOQUENT class Post extends Eloquent {} app/models/Post.php
- 41. CREATE A NEW MODEL $post = Post::create( array( 'title' => 'My First Post', 'text' => 'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit 'active' => true, ) );
- 42. RETRIEVING $post = Post::find(1); $post = Post::findOrFail(1); $posts = Post::where('id','>',3)->get(); $post = Post::where('title','LIKE','laravel')->first(); $posts = Post::all();
- 43. USING $post = Post::find(1); echo $post->title; echo $post->created_at; // uses Carbon package for date handling $posts = Post::all(); foreach( $posts as $post ) { echo $post->title; }
- 44. DELETING $post = Post::find(1); $post->delete(); Post::destroy(1); Post::destroy(1,2,3); $lastWeek = Carbon::now()->subWeek(); Post::where('created_at','<', $lastWeek)->delete();
- 46. ACCESSORS class Post extends Eloquent { public function getTitleAttribute($value) { return ucwords($value); } } $post = Post::create(array( 'title' => 'my first post' )); echo $post->title; // "My First Post"
- 47. MUTATORS class Post extends Eloquent { public function setTextAttribute($value) { $value = trim($value); $this->attributes['text'] = $value; // not limited to modifying the one attribute $this->attributes['excerpt'] = substr($value,0,97) . '...' } }
- 48. RELATIONSHIPS
- 49. ONE-TO-ONE class Comment extends Eloquent { // comments table has an `author_id` field public function author() { return $this->hasOne('Author'); } } $author = Comment::find(1)->author;
- 50. INVERSE class Author extends Eloquent { // authors table needs a `post_id` column public function comment() { return $this->belongsTo('Comment'); } } $title = Author::find(1)->comment->title;
- 51. ONE-TO-MANY class Book extends Eloquent { // books table has `author_id` column public function author() { return $this->belongsTo('Author'); } } class Author extends Eloquent { public function books() { return $this->hasMany('Book'); } $my_books = Author::where('firstname','=','Ionut')->books;
- 52. MANY-TO-MANY class Book extends Eloquent { public function tags() { return $this->belongsToMany('Tag'); } } class Tag extends Eloquent { public function books() { return $this->belongsToMany('Book'); } }
- 53. PIVOT TABLE Schema::create('book_tag', function(Blueprint $table) { $table->increments('id'); $table->integer('book_id')->unsigned()->index(); $table->integer('tag_id')->unsigned()->index(); });
- 55. FORM HANDING
- 56. BUILDING FORMS {{ Form::open() }} {{ Form::label('title') }} {{ Form::text('title', 'default', array('class'=>'form-control') }} {{ Form::label('text', 'Enter the full text:') }} {{ Form::textarea('text', 'default', array('placeholder'=>'Enter the text {{ Form::email('email') }} {{ Form::checkbox('is_active', 1, null, array('tabindex'=>4) }} {{ Form::label('is_active', 'Yes') }} {{ Form::submit('Send it!')}} {{ Form::close() }}
- 57. HANDLING INPUT $input = Input::get('field','default'); $input = Input::only('firstname','lastname'); $input = Input::except('credit_card'); $input = Input::get('choices.0.name'); $input = Input::all(); $input = Input::file('upload_field');
- 58. FORM MODEL BINDING $book = Book::findOrFail($id); return View::make('books.edit', compact('book')); {{ Form::model($book, array('route'=>array('books.update', $book {{ Form::text('title')}} {{ Form::textarea('description')}} … {{ Form::close() }}
- 59. VALIDATION
- 60. VALIDATION RULES $data = array( 'title' => 'My First Post', 'text' => 'Lorem hipster YOLO sic amet, semiotics banh mi flexitarian. )); $rules = array( 'title' => 'required|min:5', 'description' => 'required|max:100' );
- 61. VALIDATION $validator = Validator::make( $data, $rules ); if ( $validator->fails() ) // ->passes() { $messages = $validator->messages(); … } if ( $messages->has('email') ) { echo $messages->first('email', '<p>:message</p>'); } $messages->get('field'); $messages->all();
- 62. VALIDATION RULES $rules = array( 'firstname' => 'required', 'lastname' => 'alpha', 'email' => 'email', 'age' => 'integer|between:18,65', 'agree' => array('required','accepted'), 'website' => 'url', 'password' => 'confirmed', // implies matching 'password 'company_id' => 'exists:companies,id', 'gender' => 'in:male,female', 'photo' => 'mimes:jpeg,png|max:100', // kilobytes 'postalcode' => 'regex:^[A-Z][0-9][A-Z] ?[0-9][A-Z][0-9]$' );
- 63. LOGGING
- 64. LOGGING Built on top of Monolog Log::info('This is some useful information.'); Log::info('Information with context', array('context' => 'Other helpful i Log::warning('Something could be going wrong.'); Log::error('OMGWTFBBQ!'); app/storage/logs/laravel.log
- 65. QUERY LOGGING $queries = DB::getQueryLog(); DB::connection()->disableQueryLog();
- 66. CACHING
- 68. CACHE USAGE Cache::put('key', 'value', $minutes); $expiresAt = Carbon::now()->addHours(10); Cache::put('key', 'value', $expiresAt); if (Cache::has('key')) { … } $value = Cache::get('key'); $value = Cache::get('key', 'default'); $value = Cache::get('key', function() { return 'default'; }); $value = Cache::forever('key', 'value'); Cache::forget('key');
- 69. ADVANCED CACHE USAGE $books = Cache::remember('all-books', 10, function() { return Book::with('author') ->orderBy('title') ->get(); });
- 70. MAIL
- 71. MAIL CONFIGURATION Built on top of app/config/mail.php Drivers: smtp mail sendmail SwiftMailer
- 72. MAIL USAGE Mail::send('emails.view', $data, function($message) { $message->to('[email protected]', 'Ionut Tanasa') ->subject('Welcome!'); }); Mail::send( array('emails.view.html', 'emails.view.text'), $data { $message->to('[email protected]', 'Ionut Tanasa') ->subject('Welcome!'); }); Mail::send( array('emails.view.html', 'emails.view.text'), $data { $message->to('[email protected]', 'Ionut Tanasa') ->subject('Welcome!') ->cc('[email protected]') ->bcc('[email protected]'); }); Mail::send( array('emails.view.html', 'emails.view.text'), $data { $message->to('[email protected]', 'Ionut Tanasa') ->subject('Welcome!') ->cc('[email protected]') ->bcc('[email protected]'); $message->attach($pathToFile); }); Mail::send( array('emails.view.html', 'emails.view.text'), $data { $message->to('[email protected]', 'Ionut Tanasa') ->subject('Welcome!') ->cc('[email protected]') ->bcc('[email protected]'); $message->attach($pathToFile, array('as' => $display, 'mime' => });
- 73. INLINE DATA <body> Here is an image <img src="{{ $message->embed($pathToFile) }}" </body> <body> Here is raw image data <img src="{{ $message->embedData($data, $name) } </body>
- 74. QUEUEING MAIL Mail::queue('emails.view', $data, function($message) { $message->to('[email protected]', 'Ionut Tanasa') ->subject('Welcome!'); }); Mail::later($seconds, 'emails.view', $data, function($message) { $message->to('[email protected]', 'Ionut Tanasa') ->subject('Welcome!'); });
- 76. FURTHER READING laravel.com/docs laravel.com/api github.com/laravel laravel.io laracasts.com github.com/cviebrock