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Learn Git - For Beginners and Intermediate levels

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Gorav Singal

Learn Git Basics and Fundamentals. This is a perfect start for beginners and at Intermediate levels. This contains a few commands and fundamentals about Git. Topics ranging from basic commands to creating branches, stashes. How to revert your code, how to tag your releases. It also covers a few branching strategies.

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Learn about Git Gorav Singal https://www.gyanblog.com
Introduction • Git is a Source code version control software. • launched in 2008, By 2019 it had over 100 million repos. • Made by Linus Torvalds, who is creator of Linux Kernel. • Every developer has a local copy with the full history of repository • Lot of features which require Deep learning curve • GUI often doesn’t expose all the functionality
Bonus • You can use github.com for any of your test projects • Free for personal use • You can keep private projects as well. Recently it became available • You can host a static website on Github.com for free.
Git GUI Software • Github Desktop • Source-tree Limited functionality in each. But, works well for daily work.
Demo for Creating Repo? Flat folder structure
Getting the Code • Git clone git@git.corp.adobe.com:tessa- hubble- integration/hubble_vulns.git • Download code as zip • Clone specific branch git clone –b <branch> git@git.corp../..vulns.git • Clone history upto specific depth level • git clone --branch tag repo
Lifecycle OR Stages in Git
Learn Git - For Beginners and Intermediate levels
Learn Git - For Beginners and Intermediate levels
Basic Commands • git add <file> (add, update, delete, move) • git add . (all untracked file to staging area) • Git status • Git commit • Git commit –m message • Git push origin <branch> • Git branch <branch> • Git checkout • Git log • Git diff • Git merge • Git stash
Git Branch • Create • Git branch <branch name> • Git checkout –b <branch name> • Switching • Git checkout <branch name> • Merge • Git merge <branch name> • Delete • Git branch -d <branch name> • Push • Git push origin
Pull Request • Graphical overview of changes • You can discuss about your changes • Code review in git portal itself • Incorporate Review comments, commit again
Git log • Git log • Git log –abbrev-commit • Git log –oneline –graph –decorate • Git log id1…id2 • Git log –since=“4 days ago” • Git log -- <file> • Git show <commit id>
Git diff • By default, show diff between staged and unstaged files only • Git diff HEAD (between local and Head(remtote)) • Git diff –staged HEAD (between stage and remote) • Git diff id1 id2 (between two commits) • Git diff HEAD HEAD^1 (latest and latest- 1) • Git diff branch1 branch2
Git Stash • Git stash (Only tracked files) • Git stash –u (for untracked files) • Git stash save “message about stash” • Git stash apply • Git stash list • Git stash pop • Git stash pop stash@{3} • Git stash show • Git stash branch <branch-name> stash@{2} • Git stash drop stash@{1} • Git stash clear
Git tag • Git tag <tagname> • Git tag –a v1.2 –m “message” • Git tag • Git tag –a v1.1 <commit id> • Git push v1.1 • Git checkout v1.1 • Git tag –d v1.1 • Tag points to a commit. • What happen if you update a commit or remove a commit to which tag points?
Git Pull • Git fetch + git merge • Git pull --rebase
Git Merge, Rebase git checkout feature git merge master git checkout feature git rebase master
Feature Branching Strategy
Release Branch Strategy
Hotfix
Git reset • git checkout <your branch> • git reset HEAD~2 • Moves your head to specified commit • Dangerous • Should not use in public branches • Should use in private work/branch • Alter commit history
Git revert • git checkout hotfix • git revert HEAD~2 • Safe • Should be used for public branches • Well commit history
Cherry-pick • Pick some awesome data structure or feature from another branch to working branch • Hot fix is needed. Fix is available in some feature branch • Feature branch never merged, but have some awesome code. • Git cherry-pick <commit id>
Security • Restrict who can commit, read • Restrict who can merge • Restrict minimum number of code reviews
CI Support/git hooks • Local trigger/Server trigger • Trigger something on every commit or PR
Best Practices • No direct commit in Master/Stage branches • Person with high privileges can skip all security checks. • Always take a pull before pushing changes • Put restriction who can commit to your code • Restrict N number of code reviews before merge • Write good commit message • Clean your commit history before merge • Have a good code review • Have a .gitignore file • Review your files before a blind commit
Questions
References • https://www.gyanblog.com/gyan/practical-guide-how-work-git-basic- commands-workflows/ • https://www.gyanblog.com/gyan/practical-guide-how-git-log-command/ • https://www.gyanblog.com/gyan/practical-guide-better-understanding-git- diff/ • https://www.gyanblog.com/gyan/practical-guide-git-best-practices/ • https://www.gyanblog.com/gyan/effective-git-code-branching-strategy/ • https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/learn-git-with-bitbucket-cloud
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Learn Git - For Beginners and Intermediate levels

  • 1. Learn about Git Gorav Singal https://www.gyanblog.com
  • 2. Introduction • Git is a Source code version control software. • launched in 2008, By 2019 it had over 100 million repos. • Made by Linus Torvalds, who is creator of Linux Kernel. • Every developer has a local copy with the full history of repository • Lot of features which require Deep learning curve • GUI often doesn’t expose all the functionality
  • 3. Bonus • You can use github.com for any of your test projects • Free for personal use • You can keep private projects as well. Recently it became available • You can host a static website on Github.com for free.
  • 4. Git GUI Software • Github Desktop • Source-tree Limited functionality in each. But, works well for daily work.
  • 5. Demo for Creating Repo? Flat folder structure
  • 6. Getting the Code • Git clone [email protected]:tessa- hubble- integration/hubble_vulns.git • Download code as zip • Clone specific branch git clone –b <branch> [email protected]../..vulns.git • Clone history upto specific depth level • git clone --branch tag repo
  • 10. Basic Commands • git add <file> (add, update, delete, move) • git add . (all untracked file to staging area) • Git status • Git commit • Git commit –m message • Git push origin <branch> • Git branch <branch> • Git checkout • Git log • Git diff • Git merge • Git stash
  • 11. Git Branch • Create • Git branch <branch name> • Git checkout –b <branch name> • Switching • Git checkout <branch name> • Merge • Git merge <branch name> • Delete • Git branch -d <branch name> • Push • Git push origin
  • 12. Pull Request • Graphical overview of changes • You can discuss about your changes • Code review in git portal itself • Incorporate Review comments, commit again
  • 13. Git log • Git log • Git log –abbrev-commit • Git log –oneline –graph –decorate • Git log id1…id2 • Git log –since=“4 days ago” • Git log -- <file> • Git show <commit id>
  • 14. Git diff • By default, show diff between staged and unstaged files only • Git diff HEAD (between local and Head(remtote)) • Git diff –staged HEAD (between stage and remote) • Git diff id1 id2 (between two commits) • Git diff HEAD HEAD^1 (latest and latest- 1) • Git diff branch1 branch2
  • 15. Git Stash • Git stash (Only tracked files) • Git stash –u (for untracked files) • Git stash save “message about stash” • Git stash apply • Git stash list • Git stash pop • Git stash pop stash@{3} • Git stash show • Git stash branch <branch-name> stash@{2} • Git stash drop stash@{1} • Git stash clear
  • 16. Git tag • Git tag <tagname> • Git tag –a v1.2 –m “message” • Git tag • Git tag –a v1.1 <commit id> • Git push v1.1 • Git checkout v1.1 • Git tag –d v1.1 • Tag points to a commit. • What happen if you update a commit or remove a commit to which tag points?
  • 17. Git Pull • Git fetch + git merge • Git pull --rebase
  • 18. Git Merge, Rebase git checkout feature git merge master git checkout feature git rebase master
  • 22. Git reset • git checkout <your branch> • git reset HEAD~2 • Moves your head to specified commit • Dangerous • Should not use in public branches • Should use in private work/branch • Alter commit history
  • 23. Git revert • git checkout hotfix • git revert HEAD~2 • Safe • Should be used for public branches • Well commit history
  • 24. Cherry-pick • Pick some awesome data structure or feature from another branch to working branch • Hot fix is needed. Fix is available in some feature branch • Feature branch never merged, but have some awesome code. • Git cherry-pick <commit id>
  • 25. Security • Restrict who can commit, read • Restrict who can merge • Restrict minimum number of code reviews
  • 26. CI Support/git hooks • Local trigger/Server trigger • Trigger something on every commit or PR
  • 27. Best Practices • No direct commit in Master/Stage branches • Person with high privileges can skip all security checks. • Always take a pull before pushing changes • Put restriction who can commit to your code • Restrict N number of code reviews before merge • Write good commit message • Clean your commit history before merge • Have a good code review • Have a .gitignore file • Review your files before a blind commit
  • 29. References • https://www.gyanblog.com/gyan/practical-guide-how-work-git-basic- commands-workflows/ • https://www.gyanblog.com/gyan/practical-guide-how-git-log-command/ • https://www.gyanblog.com/gyan/practical-guide-better-understanding-git- diff/ • https://www.gyanblog.com/gyan/practical-guide-git-best-practices/ • https://www.gyanblog.com/gyan/effective-git-code-branching-strategy/ • https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/learn-git-with-bitbucket-cloud