Learn html elements and structure cheatsheet codecademy

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Cheatsheets / Learn HTML
Elements and Structure

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is used to give
content to a web page and instructs web browsers on
how to structure that content.
The content of an HTML element is the information
between the opening and closing tags of an element. <h1>Codecademy is awesome! </h1>
The <li> list item element create list items inside:
<ol>
<li>Head east on Prince St</li>
<li>Turn left on Elizabeth</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Cookies</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>
The <video> element embeds a media player for video
playback. The src attribute will contain the URL to the
video. Adding the controls attribute will display video
controls in the media player.
Note: The content inside the opening and closing tag is
shown as a fallback in browsers that don’t support the
element.
<video src="test-video.mp4" controls>
Video not supported
</video>
The <em> emphasis element emphasizes text and
browsers will usually italicize the emphasized text by
default.
<p>This <em>word</em> will be emphasized
in italics.</p>
The <ol> ordered list element creates a list of items in
sequential order. Each list item appears numbered by
default.
<ol>
<li>Preheat oven to 325 F </li>
<li>Drop cookie dough </li>
<li>Bake for 15 min </li>
</ol>
HTML
Element Content
<li> List Item Element
<video> Video Element
<em> Emphasis Element
<ol> Ordered List Element
Ordered lists <ol>
●
Unordered lists <ul>
●

The <div> element is used as a container that divides an
HTML document into sections and is short for “division”.
<div> elements can contain ow content such as
headings, paragraphs, links, images, etc.
<div>
<h1>A section of grouped elements</h1>
<p>Here’s some text for the section</p>
</div>
<div>
<h1>Second section of grouped
elements</h1>
<p>Here’s some text</p>
</div>
HTML is organized into a family tree structure. HTML
elements can have parents, grandparents, siblings,
children, grandchildren, etc.
<body>
<div>
<h1>It's div's child and body's
grandchild</h1>
<h2>It's h1's sibling</h2>
</div>
</body>
An HTML closing tag is used to denote the end of an
HTML element. The syntax for a closing tag is a left angle
bracket < followed by a forward slash / then the
element name and a right angle bracket to close > .
<body>
...
</body>
HTML attributes consist of a name and a value using the
following syntax: name="value" and can be added to the
opening tag of an HTML element to con gure or change
the behavior of the element.
<elementName name="value"></elementName>
The <br> line break element will create a line break in
text and is especially useful where a division of text is
required, like in a postal address. The line break element
requires only an opening tag and must not have a closing
tag.
A line break haiku.<br>
Poems are a great use case.<br>
Oh joy! A line break.
<div> Div Element
HTML Structure
Closing Tag
Attribute Name and Values
<br> Line Break Element

HTML image <img> elements embed images in
documents. The src attribute contains the image URL
and is mandatory. <img> is an empty element meaning it
should not have a closing tag.
<img src="image.png">
HTML can use six di erent levels of heading elements.
The heading elements are ordered from the highest level
<h1> to the lowest level <h6> .
<h1>Breaking News</h1>
<h2>This is the 1st subheading</h2>
<h3>This is the 2nd subheading</h3>
...
<h6>This is the 5th subheading</h6>
The <p> paragraph element contains and displays a
block of text. <p>This is a block of text! Lorem ipsum
dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing
elit.</p>
In HTML, speci c and unique id attributes can be
assigned to di erent elements in order to di erentiate
between them.
When needed, the id value can be called upon by CSS
and JavaScript to manipulate, format, and perform
speci c instructions on that element and that element
only. Valid id attributes should begin with a letter and
should only contain letters ( a-Z ), digits ( 0-9 ), hyphens
( - ), underscores ( _ ), and periods ( . ).
<h1 id="A1">Hello World</h1>
HTML attributes are values added to the opening tag of an
element to con gure the element or change the
element’s default behavior. In the provided example, we
are giving the <p> (paragraph) element a unique
identi er using the id attribute and changing the color
of the default text using the style attribute.
<p id="my-paragraph" style="color:
green;">Here’s some text for a paragraph
that is being altered by HTML
attributes</p>
The <ul> unordered list element is used to create a list
of items in no particular order. Each individual list item
will have a bullet point by default.
<ul>
<li>Play more music </li>
<li>Read more books </li>
</ul>
<img> Image Element
<h1>-<h6> Heading Elements
<p> Paragraph Element
Unique ID Attributes
HTML Attributes
<ul> Unordered List Element

An <img> element can have alternative text via the alt
attribute. The alternative text will be displayed if an image
fails to render due to an incorrect URL, if the image
format is not supported by the browser, if the image is
blocked from being displayed, or if the image has not
been received from the URL.
The text will be read aloud if screen reading software is
used and helps support visually impaired users by
providing a text descriptor for the image content on a
webpage.
<img src="path/to/image" alt="text
describing image" />
The <body> element represents the content of an HTML
document. Content inside <body> tags are rendered on
the web browsers.
Note: There can be only one <body> element in a
document.
<body>
<h1>Learn to code with Codecademy :)
</h1>
</body>
The <span> element is an inline container for text and
can be used to group text for styling purposes. However,
as <span> is a generic container to separate pieces of
text from a larger body of text, its use should be avoided if
a more semantic element is available.
<p><span>This text</span> may be styled
differently than the surrounding text.</p>
The <strong> element highlights important, serious, or
urgent text and browsers will normally render this
highlighted text in bold by default.
<p>This is <strong>important</strong>
text!</p>
An HTML element is a piece of content in an HTML
document and uses the following syntax: opening tag +
content + closing tag. In the code provided:
<p>Hello World!</p>
The syntax for a single HTML tag is an opening angle
bracket < followed by the element name and a closing
angle bracket > . Here is an example of an opening
<div> tag.
<div>
alt Attribute
<body> Body Element
<span> Span Element
<strong> Strong Element
HTML Element
HTML Tag
<p> is the opening tag.
●
Hello World! is the content.
●
</p> is the closing tag.
●

The <a> anchor element is used to create hyperlinks in
an HTML document. The hyperlinks can point to other
webpages, les on the same server, a location on the
same page, or any other URL via the hyperlink reference
attribute, href . The href determines the location the
anchor element points to.

<a href="http://www.codecademy.com">Visit
this site</a>

<a href="http://www.codecademy.com">
<img src="logo.jpg">Click this image
</a>
The <head> element contains general information about
an HTML page that isn’t displayed on the page itself. This
information is called metadata and includes things like the
title of the HTML document and links to stylesheets.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>

</head>
</html>
The target attribute on an <a> anchor element
speci es where a hyperlink should be opened. A target
value of "_blank" will tell the browser to open the
hyperlink in a new tab in modern browsers, or in a new
window in older browsers or if the browser has had
settings changed to open hyperlinks in a new window.
<a href="https://www.google.com"
target="_blank">This anchor element links
to google and will open in a new tab or
window.</a>
HTML code should be formatted such that the
indentation level of text increases once for each level of
nesting.
It is a common convention to use two or four space
space
per level of nesting.
<div>
<h1>Heading</h1>
<ul>
<li>Item 1</li>
<li>Item 2</li>
</ul>
</div>
<a> Anchor Element
<head> Head Element
<target> Target Attribute
Indentation

The anchor element <a> can create hyperlinks to
di erent parts of the same HTML document using the
href attribute to point to the desired location with #
followed by the id of the element to link to.
<div>
<p id="id-of-element-to-link-to">A
different part of the page!</p>
</div>
<a href="#id-of-element-to-link-to">Take
me to a different part of the page</a>
The <html> element, the root of an HTML document,
should be added after the !DOCTYPE declaration. All
content/structure for an HTML document should be
contained between the opening and closing <html> tags.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

</html>
In HTML, comments can be added between an opening
 . Content inside of comments will
not be rendered by browsers, and are usually used to
describe a part of code or provide other details.
Comments can span single or multiple lines.

<div>Content</div>

Whitespace, such as line breaks, added to an HTML
document between block-level elements will generally be
ignored by the browser and are not added to increase
spacing on the rendered HTML page. Rather, whitespace
is added for organization and easier reading of the HTML
document itself.
<p>Test paragraph</p>

<p>Another test paragraph, this will sit
right under the first paragraph, no extra
space between.</p>
Link to a Di erent Part of the Page #
<html> HTML Element
Comments
Whitespace

The <title> element contains a text that de nes the
title of an HTML document. The title is displayed in the
browser’s title bar or tab in which the HTML page is
displayed. The <title> element can only be contained
inside a document’s <head> element.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title of the HTML page</title>
</head>
</html>
URL paths in HTML can be absolute paths, like a full URL,
for example: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-
US/docs/Learn or a relative le path that links to a local le
in the same folder or on the same server, for example:
./style.css . Relative le paths begin with ./ followed
by a path to the local le. ./ tells the browser to look for
the le path from the current folder.
<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-
US/docs/Web">The URL for this anchor
element is an absolute file path.</a>
<a href="./about.html">The URL for this
anchor element is a relative file path.
</a>
The document type declaration <!DOCTYPE html> is
required as the rst line of an HTML document. The
doctype declaration is an instruction to the browser
about what type of document to expect and which
version of HTML is being used, in this case it’s HTML5.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<title> Title Element
File Path
Document Type Declaration

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