Lecture 01 Introduction (Traffic Engineering هندسة المرور & Dr. Usama Shahdah)
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This document provides an overview of a traffic engineering course, including: - Contact information for the instructor and information about the course website. - Requirements and grading breakdown, including assignments, exams, and a term project. - References and software used in the course. - An introduction to traffic engineering and what traffic engineers do, such as conducting traffic studies, evaluating performance, designing facilities, and controlling traffic. - Components of a traffic system including diverse road users and vehicles, and the complex roadway network. - The role of traffic flow theory in modeling and analyzing traffic systems.
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05 Rails (Railway Engineering Lectures هندسة السكك الحديدية & Dr. Walied A. E...Hossam Shafiq I The document summarizes key aspects of railway engineering as it relates to rails, including:
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03 Train Resistance and Tractive Power (Railway Engineering Lectures هندسة ال...Hossam Shafiq I The document discusses railway engineering focusing on energy efficiency and resistance in train movement. It compares the energy efficiency of rail to trucks, noting that trains are over three times more efficient, requiring less energy to transport freight due to lower rolling resistance and aerodynamic advantages. The resistance affecting trains is categorized into rolling resistance, grade resistance, and curve resistance, with formulas provided for calculating each type based on various factors such as weight and speed.
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02 Railway Terminology (Railway Engineering Lectures هندسة السكك الحديدية & D...Hossam Shafiq I This document provides an overview of key railway engineering terminologies and concepts in 3 paragraphs:
Railway track structures transfer load from rolling stock to the ground. There are two main types: ballasted tracks using crushed stone ballast and ballastless tracks. Rails are the main component of tracks and come in different profiles like flat foot and bullhead. Rail fastenings fix rails to sleepers. Sleepers support rails and transfer load to ballast.
Rolling stock refers to any vehicles that run on tracks. The main types are locomotives, coaching stock for passengers, and goods stock for cargo. Locomotives provide motive power and come in diesel or electric models. Coaching stock includes passenger coaches and luggage v
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01 Introduction (Railway Engineering Lectures هندسة السكك الحديدية & Dr. Wali...Hossam Shafiq I This document provides an overview of CE 435 Railway Engineering course taught by Walied A. Elsaigh at King Saud University. The course covers topics such as train dynamics and energy, railroad track, railroad constructions and maintenance, railway yards and terminals, communication and signals, and railway safety. It also outlines the textbook, additional readings, assignments, exams, and grade distribution. Finally, it introduces the Saudi railway network which includes projects like the North-South Rail Project, Haramain High Speed Rail, and light rail systems in major cities.
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- 1. TRAFFIC ENGINEERING COURSE (PWE 8322) Feb. 16, 2016 Instructor: Usama Elrawy Shahdah, PhD Assistant Professor Public Works Engineering Department Mansoura University Lecture # 01
- 2. Contact Information 2 Email: [email protected], [email protected] Office Location: 2nd floor next to the Production Engineering Block Office hours: 10:00 AM – 3:00 PM On Tuesdays by appointment
- 3. Course Website 3 Google Group https://groups.google.com/d/forum/traffic2015_2016 “Subscribe to this group” You will need a Google (i.e., Gmail) Account. You can create one via: https://accounts.google.com/SignUp?service=mail&co ntinue=https%3A%2F%2Fptop.only.wip.la%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fmail.google.com%2Fmail% 2F<mpl=default
- 4. Course requirements and grades 4 Term work 50 Marks 8 Assignments Term Project Oral Exam Mid Term Exam Final exam 100 Marks (shared with Transp. Planning and Geometric Design)
- 5. Organizations 5 Transportation Research Board (TRB) American Association of State Highway and Traffic Officials (AASHTO) Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
- 6. References 6 “Highway Capacity Manual” HCM 2000 & 2010 (TRB) “Traffic Engineering” by R. Roess, E. Prassas, and W. McShane (3rd & 4th Editions) “Traffic Flow Fundamentals” by Adolf May “Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices” (FHWA): http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/kno_2009r1r2.htm “A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets” (The AASHTO Green Book) “ Revised Monograph on Traffic Flow Theory” https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/operations/tft/ “Traffic Signal Timing Manual” (FHWA): http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop08024/fhwa_hop_08_024.pdf
- 7. Software 7 MS Excel TrafficWare Synchro/SimTraffic Highway Capacity Software (HCS) Simulation For Urban Mobility (SUMO) PTV VISSIM
- 8. Traffic Engineering? A subject of Transportation Engineering Definition (ITE, www.ite.org): Traffic Engineering deals with the planning, design and operations of roads, streets and highways, their networks, terminals and relationships with other modes of transportation for the safe, rapid, comfortable, convenient, economical and environmentally compatible movement of people and goods 8
- 9. What Do Traffic Engineers and Researchers Do? 1. Traffic Study 9 What is going on with the system: data collection and analysis? Types of Problems? Technologies?
- 10. What Do Traffic Engineers and Researchers Do? 2. Performance Evaluation 10 How well are the facilities performing: Capacity and LOS?
- 11. What Do Traffic Engineers and Researchers Do? 3. Facility Design 11 What should be the appropriate size and layout: functional and geometric design?
- 12. What Do Traffic Engineers and Researchers Do? 4. Traffic Control and Operations 12 How should the facilities be operated? At individual facilities: Signs and markings Traffic signals Pedestrian signals Speed limit …
- 13. What Do Traffic Engineers and Researchers Do? 4. Traffic Control and Operations 13 How should the system as a whole be operated? Multi-modal transportation: vehicles, bikes, pedestrians Signal coordination (corridor, network) Transit signal priority (TSP) Ramp metering
- 14. What Do Traffic Engineers and Researchers Do? 5. Transportation Systems Management (TSM) 14 How to achieve optimal performance of the existing system?
- 15. What Do Traffic Engineers and Researchers Do? 6. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) 15 How to optimize traffic system performance using new technologies?
- 16. Traffic as a System 16
- 17. Component I: Diverse Road Users 17 Psychological factors: Intelligence: ability to adapt, to adjust, to learn Experience Emotional and attitude Maturity Physical Factors Vision Hearing Reaction Motor skill
- 18. Example of Human Factors: Perception Reaction Time (P-R Time)18 P-R Time is the total time from perceiving an object to making a reaction P-R time varies among drivers (0.5-5 seconds) –most 1-1.5 seconds Factors: expectancy, age, fatigue, complexity, alcohol/drugs Design value (ASSHTO Standard): Geometric design: 2.5 seconds (90th percentile) Signal design: 1.0 second (85th percentile)
- 19. Other Examples of Human Factors 19 Pedestrian walking speed Range: 0.9-2.5 m/sec, depending on age Signal design: 1.2-4 m/sec Fields of vision Clear vision Depth of vision Color
- 20. Element II: Diverse Vehicles 20 Size Weight-to-power ratio Deceleration
- 21. Example of Vehicle Factors: Turning 21 Low-speed turns (e.g. at intersections): Depends on vehicle size High-speed turns: Depends on horizontal alignment, friction, speed, superelevation
- 22. Example of Vehicle Factors: Stopping Sight Distance 22 Highways must be designed so that drivers can see far enough to avoid any potential hazard: 2 2 ( ) d d v d v t g G
- 23. Example of Vehicle Factors: Stopping Distance for Signal Design23 Amber/Yellow Interval for a Traffic Signal: amount of time needed for vehicles that cannot stop (comfortably) to clear the intersection (d+w+L)
- 24. Element III: Complex Roadway 24 Road function and class: Movement of vehicles Movement of non-vehicular traffic Parking/Access Road geometry: Horizontal/vertical alignment Grade Cross sectional design Road traffic environment: Physical environment Traffic environment Social environment
- 25. Traffic Flow Theory and Its Roles 25 Traffic flow theory? Seeks to describe in a precise mathematical form the interactions between the vehicles and their operators and the infrastructure. Why? An indispensable construct for all models and tools that are being used in the design and operation of streets and highways Predict performance of traffic on highways Develop general solutions Minimize and obviate costly field work Rigorous, repeatable and consistent
- 26. Why Traffic Flow Theory? Example 1: Design and Analysis of Signalized Intersection 26
- 27. Why Traffic Flow Theory? Example 2: Design and Analysis of Two-Way Stop- Controlled Intersection 27
- 28. Why Traffic Flow Theory? Example 3: Freeway Ramp Metering 28
- 29. Why Traffic Flow Theory? Example 4: Safety, Fuel Consumption and Air Pollution29
- 30. Home Reading 30 Traffic Detector Handbook (year: 1990) https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/ip90002/ip90002.pdf Traffic Detector Handbook: Third Edition—Volume I (year: 2006) https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/operations/its/06108/06108.pdf Traffic Detector Handbook: Third Edition—Volume II (year: 2006) https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/operations/its/06139/06139.pdf FHWA Publications https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/research/publications/technical/ YouTube Videos: Traffic Detector Video Training Course (2010) Part 1 - Detector Theory https://youtu.be/j3CfU-f0JpI Part 2 - Detector Design https://youtu.be/Q6EpYiR1Mc4 Part 3 - Detector Installation https://youtu.be/SFmSuVee_GI Part 4 - Detector Maintenance https://youtu.be/siLS2LQKf2Y
- 31. Questions 31 Thanks for your time