Lecture-01.pdf good lecture important notes

Mobile and Application
Development
Lecture # 01
M. Javed Iqbal

What is Android?
Android is a mobile operating
system based on a modified
version of the Linux and other
open source software, designed
primarily for touchscreen mobile
devices such as smartphones
and tablets.

Android is developed by a
consortium of developers known
as the Open Handset
Alliance and commercially
sponsored by Google. It was
exposed in November 2007, with
the first commercial Android
device, the HTC Dream, being
launched in September 2008.

• The Open Handset
Alliance (OHA) is a consortium
of 84 firms to develop open
standards for mobile devices.
Member firms include HTC,
Sony, Dell, Intel, Motorola,
Google, Samsung etc.

• Android is a mobile operating
system that has been around for
nearly 15 years. You'll primarily
find it as the base operating
system of phones and tablets
around the world. Additionally,
there are other operating systems
that natively support Android
applications, including Chrome OS
and Windows 11.

What is Android Inc.?
Android Inc. was a privately owned
company that was founded in 2003
by Andy Rubin, Richard Miner, Chris
White, and Nick Sears. It was picked
up by Google in 2005. However, it
was actually working on the Android
operating system.

Features of Android
Because Android is open source and
freely available to manufacturers for
customization, there are no
fixed hardware or software
configurations. However, Android
itself supports the following
features:

• Storage — Uses SQLite, a lightweight
relational database, for data storage.
• Connectivity — Supports Bluetooth (Wi-Fi,
WiMAX.
• Messaging — Supports both SMS and MMS.
Web browser — Based on the open source
WebKit, together with Chrome’s V8 JavaScript
engine
➤ Media support — Includes support for the
following media: H.263, H.264 (in 3GP or MP4
container), MPEG-4 WAV, JPEG, PNG, GIF,
and BMP

Hardware support —Sensor, Camera, Digital
Compass
➤ Multi-touch — Supports multi-touch screens
➤ Multi-tasking — Supports multi-tasking
applications
 A built-in screen recorder

Architecture of Android
Android architecture is a software stack
of components to support mobile device
needs. Android software stack contains
a Linux Kernel, collection of c/c++
libraries which are exposed through an
application framework services, runtime,
and application. Following are main
components of android architecture
those are.

Linux kernel — This is the kernel on which
Android is based. This layer contains all the low
level device drivers for the various hardware
components of an Android device.
Platform Libraries — These contain all the code
that provides the main features of an Android OS.
For example, the SQLite library provides
database support so that an application can use it
for data storage. The WebKit library provides
functionalities for web browsing.

Android runtime — At the same layer as the
libraries, the Android runtime provides a set
of core libraries that enable developers to write
Android apps using the Java programming
language. The Android runtime also includes the
Dalvik virtual machine, which enables every
Android application to run in its own process.
Dalvik is a specialized virtual machine designed
specifically for Android and optimized for battery-
powered mobile devices with limited memory and
CPU.

Application framework — Exposes the various
capabilities of the Android OS to application
developers so that they can make use of them in
their applications.
Applications — At this top layer, you will find
applications that send with the Android device
(such as Phone, Contacts, Browser, etc.), as well
as applications that you download and
install from the Android Market. Any applications
that you write are located at this layer.

The Android Developer Community
www.stackoverflow.com (For Questions)
http://developer.android.com/training/index
.html (For training)
http://groups.google.com/group/android-discuss
(For Discuss)

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