Lecture 07 relational database management system
Download as PPT, PDF3 likes3,736 views
The document discusses key concepts in relational database management systems including: 1) Everything is represented as relations (tables) with attributes (columns) and tuples (rows) that make up the relations. 2) Schemas define the structure of relations with attributes and primary keys to uniquely identify tuples. 3) Relations can be related through foreign keys that match primary keys in other relations. 4) Integrity rules like entity and referential integrity enforce valid relationships between tuples in different relations.
1 of 13
Downloaded 238 times
Ad
Recommended
Relational Data Model Introduction
Relational Data Model IntroductionNishant Munjal The document discusses the relational data model and query languages. It provides the following key points:
1. The relational data model organizes data into tables with rows and columns, where rows represent records and columns represent attributes. Relations between data are represented through tables.
2. Relational integrity constraints include key constraints, domain constraints, and referential integrity constraints to ensure valid data.
3. Relational algebra and calculus provide theoretical foundations for query languages like SQL. Relational algebra uses operators like select, project, join on relations, while relational calculus specifies queries using logic.
Relational model
Relational modelWBUTTUTORIALS The document discusses key concepts of the relational database model including how tables represent data through relations, attributes, tuples, and domains. It defines primary keys, foreign keys, entity integrity and referential integrity. Views are described as virtual relations defined by queries on base relations that dynamically reflect changes to the underlying data. The purpose of views is to provide security, customization of data access, and simplification of complex queries. There are restrictions on updating data through views.
Database : Relational Data Model
Database : Relational Data ModelSmriti Jain Edgar Codd at IBM invented the relational database model in 1970 based on 13 rules. A relational database management system (RDBMS) stores data in related tables. RDBMSs help make data easy to store, retrieve, and combine in useful ways. Common RDBMSs include Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, MySQL, and PostgreSQL. Tables are related through primary and foreign keys, which help enforce referential integrity.
Chapter 7 relation database language
Chapter 7 relation database languageJafar Nesargi This document discusses the SQL language for relational databases. It covers the background and history of SQL, the SQL standards, and the key statements and features of SQL including data definition, data types, schema and table creation, attributes, constraints, keys and referential integrity. The document provides examples of SQL statements and clauses to define schemas, tables, attributes, primary keys, foreign keys and other constraints.
Dbms relational data model and sql queries 
Dbms relational data model and sql queries Tetala Vishnu Vardhan Reddy This document discusses the relational data model and SQL. It begins with an overview of relational database design using ER-to-relational mapping. It then discusses relational model concepts such as relations, attributes, tuples, domains and keys. It also covers integrity constraints and SQL components like data definition, data types, and retrieval, modification and deletion queries. The document outlines topics such as relational algebra, calculus, and features of SQL like views, triggers and transactions. It provides learning objectives and expected outcomes of understanding these concepts.
Relational model
Relational modelSabana Maharjan This document provides an overview of the relational model for databases. It discusses how data is organized in tables called relations and how the tables are related to each other. The key aspects covered include how the relational model was introduced, how relations represent data as tables with rows and columns, properties of relations like primary keys, and relational algebra operations like select, project, join, union and more.
Dbms relational model
Dbms relational modelChirag vasava “A DBMS that manages data as collection of tables in which all data relationships are represented by common values in related tables.”
The Relational Model
The Relational ModelBhandari Nawaraj This document provides an example of student records in an unnormalized form, containing repeating groups. It then demonstrates normalizing the data by removing the repeating groups into multiple tables in first normal form. Further normalization results in separating attributes with partial dependencies and non-key dependencies into their own tables, achieving second and third normal form respectively. The document explains the different normal forms and how normalization helps reduce data anomalies on insert, update and delete operations.
COMPUTERS Database 
COMPUTERS Database Rc Os This document provides an overview of databases and database management systems (DBMS). It discusses what a database is, components of a database system like users and applications, and examples of DBMS like MySQL and Oracle. It also summarizes key database concepts such as data models, relationships between data using keys, and relational algebra operations for querying databases.
Database Systems - Relational Data Model (Chapter 2)
Database Systems - Relational Data Model (Chapter 2)Vidyasagar Mundroy The document discusses the relational data model structure and operations. It describes the key concepts of the relational data model including relations, attributes, tuples/rows, domains, schemas, keys such as candidate keys and foreign keys. It also explains the basic relational algebra operations like selection, projection, union, set difference, intersection and cartesian product along with examples.
Rdbms
Rdbmstech4us The document discusses databases and SQL. It defines key concepts like relational data model, relational algebra operations, and advantages of using a DBMS. The three-level architecture of a DBMS separates the internal, conceptual and external views of data. Relational algebra operations like selection, projection and joins are used to manipulate relations/tables in a database.
RDBMS_Unit 01
RDBMS_Unit 01Prashanth Shivakumar Download Complete Material - https://www.instamojo.com/prashanth_ns/
This RDBMS (Relational Database Management System) contains 9 Units and each unit contains 40 to 50 slides in it.
Contents…
• Define a Database Management System
• Describe the types of data models
• Create an entity-relationship model
• List the types of relationships between entities
• Define a Relational Database Management System
• Describe the operators that work on relations
• Identify tips of logical database design
• Map an ER diagram to a table
• Describe data redundancy
• Describe the first, second, and third normal forms
• Describe the Boyce-Codd Normal Form
• Appreciate the need for denormalization.
Relational model
Relational modelDabbal Singh Mahara The document discusses the relational database model. It was introduced in 1970 and became popular due to its simplicity and mathematical foundation. The model represents data as relations (tables) with rows (tuples) and columns (attributes). Keys such as primary keys and foreign keys help define relationships between tables and enforce integrity constraints. The relational model provides a standardized way of structuring data through its use of relations, attributes, tuples and keys.
DBMS - Relational Model
DBMS - Relational ModelOvais Imtiaz The document discusses the relational database model. It begins by defining key terms like data, information, database, and DBMS. It then explains the relational model proposed by E.F. Codd, showing an example student database. Codd's rules for relational databases are listed. Types of database anomalies and keys like super keys, candidate keys, and foreign keys are also defined. The advantages of relational databases include structural independence and conceptual simplicity. Disadvantages include increased hardware needs and the potential for poor database design.
Chapter3 the relational data model and the relation database constraints part2
Chapter3 the relational data model and the relation database constraints part2eidah20 The document discusses constraints in relational database systems. There are several types of constraints including domain constraints that restrict attribute values, key constraints like primary and unique keys, and referential integrity constraints defined by foreign keys. Transactions are used to execute database operations like insert, delete, and update in a way that maintains the integrity constraints and leaves the database in a valid state.
The Relational Data Model and Relational Database Constraints Ch5 (Navathe 4t...
The Relational Data Model and Relational Database Constraints Ch5 (Navathe 4t...Raj vardhan The Relational Data Model and Relational Database Constraints
Ch5 (Navathe 4th edition)/ Ch7 (Navathe 3rd edition)
Example of STUDENT Relation(figure 5.1)
Fundamentals of database system - Relational data model and relational datab...
Fundamentals of database system - Relational data model and relational datab...Mustafa Kamel Mohammadi In his chapter you will learn
Relational data model concepts
Relational data model constraints
Characteristics of relation
The relational data model part[1]![The relational data model part[1]](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/therelationaldatamodelpart1-150714113659-lva1-app6891-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds)
The relational data model part[1]Bashir Rezaie The document discusses the relational data model and its key concepts. The relational model represents a database as a collection of relations (tables). Each row in a relation represents a tuple of related data values. Attributes describe the columns and domains define the possible values for each attribute. Relations have schemas that define the relation name and attributes. Relation states contain sets of tuples that must satisfy integrity constraints defined on the schema.
Intro to relational model
Intro to relational modelATS SBGI MIRAJ Relational Model was proposed by E.F. Codd to model data in the form of relations or tables.different types of keys.relational algebra operations.
Chapter 2 Relational Data Model-part1
Chapter 2 Relational Data Model-part1Eddyzulham Mahluzydde Here are the key entities and relationships based on the information provided:
Entities:
- Department
- Employee
- Supervisor
- Project
Relationships:
- Department has one supervisor (1:1)
- Department has many employees (1:M)
- Employee works in one or more departments (M:N)
- Project has many employees assigned (1:M)
- Employee works on one or more projects (M:N)
The important attributes that uniquely identify each entity are also specified, such as employee number, department code, project number. This provides the foundation for modeling the database schema to represent these real world entities and relationships.
The relational database model chapter 2
The relational database model chapter 2Nargis Ehsan The document discusses the relational database model and its key concepts. It describes how the model focuses on logical representation of data using tables rather than physical storage. The main concepts covered are entities, attributes, tables, rows and columns, primary keys, foreign keys, and integrity rules. It also explains the common relational operators like select, project, join, union, intersect, difference, and product and provides examples of how they manipulate and combine table data. Finally, it discusses data dictionaries, system catalogs, and their role in metadata management.
Denormalization
DenormalizationSohail Haider This document discusses denormalization, which refers to modifying a relational schema to be less normalized by combining relations or duplicating attributes. It describes 7 common denormalization techniques: 1) combining one-to-one relations, 2) duplicating attributes in one-to-many relations, 3) duplicating foreign keys, 4) duplicating attributes in many-to-many relations, 5) introducing repeating groups, 6) creating extract tables, and 7) partitioning relations. While denormalization can improve performance, it can also increase complexity, reduce flexibility, and slow down updates. Data integrity must be maintained when denormalizing.
Relational Database Fundamentals
Relational Database FundamentalsKHALID C The document provides an overview of relational database management system (RDBMS) concepts. It discusses what a database is, different database types like hierarchical, network, relational and object relational. It also explains the relational model proposed by Dr. E.F. Codd, how it uses tables, rows and columns. Key concepts covered include relationships, constraints, keys, normalization and transactions. Entity relationship modeling and diagramming are demonstrated through an example involving producers, depots, collection agents and procurement records.
Relational Database Management System part II
Relational Database Management System part IIKavithaA19 This document discusses relational database management systems (RDBMS) and related concepts. It begins with definitions of RDBMS and relational database terminology like table, record, field, primary key, and foreign key. It then covers relational data structures using an example student table. Key aspects of relational data like tuples, relations, and attributes are defined. The document also discusses relational data integrity constraints and relational data manipulation languages. Finally, it provides an overview of Codd's rules for RDBMS.
Rdbms concepts
Rdbms conceptsShehrevar Davierwala A database is a collection of logically related data organized for convenient access and manipulation. A DBMS is a collection of programs that enables users to create and maintain a database, perform queries, and generate reports from the database. The database and DBMS together form a database system. Some key advantages of a DBMS include reducing data redundancy and inconsistency, enforcing data integrity, providing security, and facilitating data sharing among multiple users.
RDBMS
RDBMSNIVEETHITHAS The document discusses the key concepts of relational database management systems (RDBMS). It defines RDBMS and its core components like tables, records, fields, and keys. It also explains relational data structures and manipulation using SQL commands like INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE. Finally, it summarizes Codd's 12 rules for RDBMS which define the requirements for a database system to be considered truly relational.
physical and logical data independence
physical and logical data independenceapoorva_upadhyay Physical and logical data independence are described. Logical data independence refers to the ability to change the logical schema without impacting external schemas or application programs. Physical data independence is the ability to change the physical schema without affecting the logical schema, such as changing storage structures or devices. Examples of each type of independence are provided. The key elements of an entity-relationship model - entities, attributes, and relationships - are defined. An example E-R diagram showing students, courses, and their relationship is depicted to illustrate these elements.
Chapter 6 relational data model and relational
Chapter 6 relational data model and relationalJafar Nesargi This document discusses the relational data model and relational algebra. It defines key concepts of the relational model such as relations, tuples, domains, attributes, and constraints. It also covers relational algebra operations like SELECT, PROJECT, JOIN, and set operations. Updates, deletes and inserts are discussed along with how they can violate constraints and how violations are handled.
Lecture 05 dblc
Lecture 05 dblcemailharmeet This document discusses database design and the database lifecycle (DBLC). It explains that the DBLC involves 6 phases: initial study, design, implementation, testing, operation, and maintenance. The design phase is most critical and involves conceptual, logical, and physical design. Conceptual design uses entity relationship modeling and normalization. Logical design maps the conceptual model to the chosen DBMS. Physical design selects storage structures. The document also discusses top-down vs bottom-up design and centralized vs decentralized design approaches.
Lecture 09 dblc centralized vs decentralized design
Lecture 09 dblc centralized vs decentralized designemailharmeet The document discusses database design and the database lifecycle (DBLC). It describes the DBLC phases including initial study, database design, implementation and loading, testing and evaluation, operation, and maintenance and evaluation. The database design phase is the most critical and involves conceptual design including entity relationship modeling, logical design, and physical design. The document also discusses centralized versus decentralized database design and the tradeoffs between the two approaches.
Ad
More Related Content
What's hot (20)
COMPUTERS Database
COMPUTERS Database Rc Os This document provides an overview of databases and database management systems (DBMS). It discusses what a database is, components of a database system like users and applications, and examples of DBMS like MySQL and Oracle. It also summarizes key database concepts such as data models, relationships between data using keys, and relational algebra operations for querying databases.
Database Systems - Relational Data Model (Chapter 2)
Database Systems - Relational Data Model (Chapter 2)Vidyasagar Mundroy The document discusses the relational data model structure and operations. It describes the key concepts of the relational data model including relations, attributes, tuples/rows, domains, schemas, keys such as candidate keys and foreign keys. It also explains the basic relational algebra operations like selection, projection, union, set difference, intersection and cartesian product along with examples.
Rdbms
Rdbmstech4us The document discusses databases and SQL. It defines key concepts like relational data model, relational algebra operations, and advantages of using a DBMS. The three-level architecture of a DBMS separates the internal, conceptual and external views of data. Relational algebra operations like selection, projection and joins are used to manipulate relations/tables in a database.
RDBMS_Unit 01
RDBMS_Unit 01Prashanth Shivakumar Download Complete Material - https://www.instamojo.com/prashanth_ns/
This RDBMS (Relational Database Management System) contains 9 Units and each unit contains 40 to 50 slides in it.
Contents…
• Define a Database Management System
• Describe the types of data models
• Create an entity-relationship model
• List the types of relationships between entities
• Define a Relational Database Management System
• Describe the operators that work on relations
• Identify tips of logical database design
• Map an ER diagram to a table
• Describe data redundancy
• Describe the first, second, and third normal forms
• Describe the Boyce-Codd Normal Form
• Appreciate the need for denormalization.
Relational model
Relational modelDabbal Singh Mahara The document discusses the relational database model. It was introduced in 1970 and became popular due to its simplicity and mathematical foundation. The model represents data as relations (tables) with rows (tuples) and columns (attributes). Keys such as primary keys and foreign keys help define relationships between tables and enforce integrity constraints. The relational model provides a standardized way of structuring data through its use of relations, attributes, tuples and keys.
DBMS - Relational Model
DBMS - Relational ModelOvais Imtiaz The document discusses the relational database model. It begins by defining key terms like data, information, database, and DBMS. It then explains the relational model proposed by E.F. Codd, showing an example student database. Codd's rules for relational databases are listed. Types of database anomalies and keys like super keys, candidate keys, and foreign keys are also defined. The advantages of relational databases include structural independence and conceptual simplicity. Disadvantages include increased hardware needs and the potential for poor database design.
Chapter3 the relational data model and the relation database constraints part2
Chapter3 the relational data model and the relation database constraints part2eidah20 The document discusses constraints in relational database systems. There are several types of constraints including domain constraints that restrict attribute values, key constraints like primary and unique keys, and referential integrity constraints defined by foreign keys. Transactions are used to execute database operations like insert, delete, and update in a way that maintains the integrity constraints and leaves the database in a valid state.
The Relational Data Model and Relational Database Constraints Ch5 (Navathe 4t...
The Relational Data Model and Relational Database Constraints Ch5 (Navathe 4t...Raj vardhan The Relational Data Model and Relational Database Constraints
Ch5 (Navathe 4th edition)/ Ch7 (Navathe 3rd edition)
Example of STUDENT Relation(figure 5.1)
Fundamentals of database system - Relational data model and relational datab...
Fundamentals of database system - Relational data model and relational datab...Mustafa Kamel Mohammadi In his chapter you will learn
Relational data model concepts
Relational data model constraints
Characteristics of relation
The relational data model part[1]
The relational data model part[1]Bashir Rezaie The document discusses the relational data model and its key concepts. The relational model represents a database as a collection of relations (tables). Each row in a relation represents a tuple of related data values. Attributes describe the columns and domains define the possible values for each attribute. Relations have schemas that define the relation name and attributes. Relation states contain sets of tuples that must satisfy integrity constraints defined on the schema.
Intro to relational model
Intro to relational modelATS SBGI MIRAJ Relational Model was proposed by E.F. Codd to model data in the form of relations or tables.different types of keys.relational algebra operations.
Chapter 2 Relational Data Model-part1
Chapter 2 Relational Data Model-part1Eddyzulham Mahluzydde Here are the key entities and relationships based on the information provided:
Entities:
- Department
- Employee
- Supervisor
- Project
Relationships:
- Department has one supervisor (1:1)
- Department has many employees (1:M)
- Employee works in one or more departments (M:N)
- Project has many employees assigned (1:M)
- Employee works on one or more projects (M:N)
The important attributes that uniquely identify each entity are also specified, such as employee number, department code, project number. This provides the foundation for modeling the database schema to represent these real world entities and relationships.
The relational database model chapter 2
The relational database model chapter 2Nargis Ehsan The document discusses the relational database model and its key concepts. It describes how the model focuses on logical representation of data using tables rather than physical storage. The main concepts covered are entities, attributes, tables, rows and columns, primary keys, foreign keys, and integrity rules. It also explains the common relational operators like select, project, join, union, intersect, difference, and product and provides examples of how they manipulate and combine table data. Finally, it discusses data dictionaries, system catalogs, and their role in metadata management.
Denormalization
DenormalizationSohail Haider This document discusses denormalization, which refers to modifying a relational schema to be less normalized by combining relations or duplicating attributes. It describes 7 common denormalization techniques: 1) combining one-to-one relations, 2) duplicating attributes in one-to-many relations, 3) duplicating foreign keys, 4) duplicating attributes in many-to-many relations, 5) introducing repeating groups, 6) creating extract tables, and 7) partitioning relations. While denormalization can improve performance, it can also increase complexity, reduce flexibility, and slow down updates. Data integrity must be maintained when denormalizing.
Relational Database Fundamentals
Relational Database FundamentalsKHALID C The document provides an overview of relational database management system (RDBMS) concepts. It discusses what a database is, different database types like hierarchical, network, relational and object relational. It also explains the relational model proposed by Dr. E.F. Codd, how it uses tables, rows and columns. Key concepts covered include relationships, constraints, keys, normalization and transactions. Entity relationship modeling and diagramming are demonstrated through an example involving producers, depots, collection agents and procurement records.
Relational Database Management System part II
Relational Database Management System part IIKavithaA19 This document discusses relational database management systems (RDBMS) and related concepts. It begins with definitions of RDBMS and relational database terminology like table, record, field, primary key, and foreign key. It then covers relational data structures using an example student table. Key aspects of relational data like tuples, relations, and attributes are defined. The document also discusses relational data integrity constraints and relational data manipulation languages. Finally, it provides an overview of Codd's rules for RDBMS.
Rdbms concepts
Rdbms conceptsShehrevar Davierwala A database is a collection of logically related data organized for convenient access and manipulation. A DBMS is a collection of programs that enables users to create and maintain a database, perform queries, and generate reports from the database. The database and DBMS together form a database system. Some key advantages of a DBMS include reducing data redundancy and inconsistency, enforcing data integrity, providing security, and facilitating data sharing among multiple users.
RDBMS
RDBMSNIVEETHITHAS The document discusses the key concepts of relational database management systems (RDBMS). It defines RDBMS and its core components like tables, records, fields, and keys. It also explains relational data structures and manipulation using SQL commands like INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE. Finally, it summarizes Codd's 12 rules for RDBMS which define the requirements for a database system to be considered truly relational.
physical and logical data independence
physical and logical data independenceapoorva_upadhyay Physical and logical data independence are described. Logical data independence refers to the ability to change the logical schema without impacting external schemas or application programs. Physical data independence is the ability to change the physical schema without affecting the logical schema, such as changing storage structures or devices. Examples of each type of independence are provided. The key elements of an entity-relationship model - entities, attributes, and relationships - are defined. An example E-R diagram showing students, courses, and their relationship is depicted to illustrate these elements.
Chapter 6 relational data model and relational
Chapter 6 relational data model and relationalJafar Nesargi This document discusses the relational data model and relational algebra. It defines key concepts of the relational model such as relations, tuples, domains, attributes, and constraints. It also covers relational algebra operations like SELECT, PROJECT, JOIN, and set operations. Updates, deletes and inserts are discussed along with how they can violate constraints and how violations are handled.
Fundamentals of database system - Relational data model and relational datab...
Fundamentals of database system - Relational data model and relational datab...Mustafa Kamel Mohammadi
Viewers also liked (20)
Lecture 05 dblc
Lecture 05 dblcemailharmeet This document discusses database design and the database lifecycle (DBLC). It explains that the DBLC involves 6 phases: initial study, design, implementation, testing, operation, and maintenance. The design phase is most critical and involves conceptual, logical, and physical design. Conceptual design uses entity relationship modeling and normalization. Logical design maps the conceptual model to the chosen DBMS. Physical design selects storage structures. The document also discusses top-down vs bottom-up design and centralized vs decentralized design approaches.
Lecture 09 dblc centralized vs decentralized design
Lecture 09 dblc centralized vs decentralized designemailharmeet The document discusses database design and the database lifecycle (DBLC). It describes the DBLC phases including initial study, database design, implementation and loading, testing and evaluation, operation, and maintenance and evaluation. The database design phase is the most critical and involves conceptual design including entity relationship modeling, logical design, and physical design. The document also discusses centralized versus decentralized database design and the tradeoffs between the two approaches.
Lecture 04 normalization 
Lecture 04 normalization emailharmeet The document discusses normalization of database tables. It covers normal forms including 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF and 4NF. The process of normalization reduces data redundancies and helps eliminate data anomalies. Normalization is done concurrently with entity-relationship modeling to produce an effective database design. In some cases, denormalization may be needed to generate information more efficiently.
Secure
SecureDhani Ahmad The document discusses security and ethics issues related to information management in government offices. It provides an overview of areas that need to be addressed to ensure proper policies and procedures are in place, including security, privacy, intellectual property, appropriate use, and social impacts of technology. The summary discusses how the office needs to have security policies, privacy protections, and records of compliance in order to be prepared for an upcoming audit and allow the director to enjoy an upcoming vacation without concerns.
Database design, implementation, and management -chapter02
Database design, implementation, and management -chapter02Beni Krisbiantoro This document provides an overview of data modeling concepts. It discusses the importance of data models for organizing data for different users and as a communication tool. It also describes the basic building blocks of entities, attributes, and relationships. Additionally, it covers the evolution of different data models including hierarchical, network, relational, entity relationship, and object oriented models. It provides examples of hierarchical and network data structures.
Database - Design & Implementation - 1
Database - Design & Implementation - 1Trivuz ত্রিভুজ This document provides an overview of databases and SQL. It begins with a brief introduction to databases, including what they are, database management systems (DBMS), and relational database management systems (RDBMS). The document then discusses the history and evolution of databases. It introduces MySQL as a popular open source RDBMS and compares its features. The document also covers database concepts and design, including requirement analysis, logical design, and the database life cycle. Finally, it provides an introduction to SQL and an example of using the CREATE TABLE syntax.
Islamic information seeking behavior
Islamic information seeking behaviorDhani Ahmad The document discusses sources of Islamic information for Muslim information seekers. It describes various Islamic institutions in Malaysia that provide Islamic education, courts, museums, and other services. It also mentions Muslim scholars and resources persons. For printed sources, it lists many books, journals, magazines, bibliographies, indexes, encyclopedias, and dictionaries available. The document provides a detailed overview of where Muslims in Malaysia can seek Islamic knowledge.
Risk management i
Risk management iDhani Ahmad This document provides an overview of risk management concepts and the risk management process as it relates to information security. It discusses defining risk management and its role in the secure software development lifecycle. It also describes identifying risks through asset identification, classification, and valuation. Additionally, it covers identifying threats, assessing risks based on likelihood and impact, and documenting the risk identification and assessment process. The overall purpose is to teach students the fundamentals of risk management for information security.
Security and personnel
Security and personnelDhani Ahmad This document discusses security and personnel issues related to an information technology security course. It covers positioning the security function within an organization, staffing the security team, and qualifications for security roles. It also addresses how to integrate security practices into human resources policies like hiring, contracting, and training new employees. The overall goal is to successfully implement security while gaining employee acceptance and support.
Security technologies
Security technologiesDhani Ahmad This document discusses security technologies taught in an Illinois Institute of Technology course. It covers firewalls, intrusion detection systems, dial-up protection, and other topics. The learning objectives are to define types of firewalls, discuss firewall implementation approaches, and understand technologies like encryption and biometrics. Firewalls examined include packet filtering, proxy, stateful inspection, dynamic, and kernel proxy firewalls. Intrusion detection systems can be host-based or network-based, using signatures or anomalies. Remote authentication and terminal access control systems help secure dial-up access.
Islamic information management
Islamic information managementDhani Ahmad This document discusses Islamic information management. It begins by providing contact information for the instructor, Nor Kamariah BT Chik.
It then covers key topics including terminologies related to Islamic information and records, the scope of Islamic information management and Islamic records management, and the characteristics of Islamic information and records.
Terminologies discussed include data, information, records, Islam, records management, information management, Islamic information, Islamic records, Islamic information management, Islamic records management, and Islamic information/records managers.
The document differentiates between Islamic information management, which organizes information according to classification, and Islamic records management, which organizes records according to their lifecycle. Finally, it outlines the characteristics of Islamic records
The information security audit
The information security auditDhani Ahmad This document discusses the process of conducting an information security audit. It begins by defining an information security audit and explaining that it assesses how an organization's security policies protect information. It then describes the general methodology, which involves assessing general controls at the entity, application, and technical levels. The document outlines the planning, internal control, testing, and reporting phases of an audit. It provides details on tasks like developing audit scopes and checklists, assessing policies and documentation, and writing the final audit report. The overall purpose is to explain the end-to-end process of performing an information security audit.
Types of islamic institutions and records
Types of islamic institutions and recordsDhani Ahmad There are eleven categories of Islamic institutions in Malaysia that create and manage various records. These institutions include Islamic educational institutions, Islamic courts, Islamic museums, Islamic banks, zakat institutions, Islamic preaching organizations, Islamic libraries, non-governmental Islamic organizations, Islamic training centers, Islamic insurance companies, and Islamic foundation organizations. The records managed by these institutions provide information on Islamic knowledge, laws, history, financial transactions, religious obligations, training programs, and more, depending on the specific role and functions of each organization.
Privacy & security in heath care it
Privacy & security in heath care itDhani Ahmad This document provides an overview of the key aspects of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Privacy and Security Rules. It discusses who and what organizations are affected by HIPAA, the standards it sets for electronic health information transactions, and the penalties for non-compliance. It also summarizes the requirements of the HIPAA Privacy Rule regarding use and disclosure of protected health information and the HIPAA Security Rule regarding safeguarding electronic protected health information.
Risk management ii
Risk management iiDhani Ahmad This document is a slide presentation for a risk management course at Illinois Institute of Technology. It discusses risk control strategies such as avoidance, transference, mitigation and acceptance. It also covers categories of controls including control function, architectural layer, strategy layer and information security principles. The overall goal is to help students understand how to identify, analyze and address risks to ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of organizational systems and data.
Opportunities, threats, industry competition, and competitor analysis
Opportunities, threats, industry competition, and competitor analysisDhani Ahmad This document provides an overview of analyzing a company's external environment and competitors. It discusses the components of the general environment including political, economic, technological, and other factors. It also explains SWOT analysis and its purpose in developing a strategic overview of a company. Porter's Five Forces model is introduced as a framework for assessing industry competition, including threats from new entrants, power of suppliers and buyers, substitute products, and rivalry among existing competitors. The chapter emphasizes that competitor analysis should follow industry analysis by evaluating a competitor's objectives, strategies, assumptions, capabilities, and likely responses. The purpose is to understand relative strengths and weaknesses compared to competitors.
Information system
Information systemDhani Ahmad This document defines key concepts related to information systems. It distinguishes between data and information, noting that information involves processed data that is meaningful. It also categorizes different types of information systems, including transaction processing systems, knowledge work systems, office automation systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and executive information systems. Finally, it provides examples of information systems that various organizational functions may use at different levels, from operational to strategic.
Physical security
Physical securityDhani Ahmad The document discusses the importance of physical security for protecting information systems. It covers various physical security controls for restricting access to facilities, including locks, ID badges, alarms, security cameras and fire suppression systems. The document also addresses the need to protect against threats from utilities failures, temperature fluctuations, water damage and theft of computing devices through measures like uninterruptible power supplies, air conditioning and physical access restrictions.
Security policy
Security policyDhani Ahmad This document discusses information security policies and their components. It begins by outlining the learning objectives, which are to understand management's role in developing security policies and the differences between general, issue-specific, and system-specific policies. It then defines what policies, standards, and practices are and how they relate to each other. The document outlines the three types of security policies and provides examples of issue-specific and system-specific policies. It emphasizes that policies must be managed and reviewed on a regular basis to remain effective.
Legal, ethical & professional issues
Legal, ethical & professional issuesDhani Ahmad This document discusses laws and ethics related to information security. It begins with an overview of the differences between laws and ethics. It then provides details on several relevant US and international laws, such as the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and various privacy and copyright laws. The document also discusses ethics, fair use, and how culture influences conceptions of ethical behavior.
Ad
Similar to Lecture 07 relational database management system (20)
Dbms Concepts
Dbms Conceptsadukkas A database is a collection of logically related data organized for convenient access, usually by programs for specific purposes. A DBMS is software that allows users to define, construct and manipulate databases for various applications. The database and DBMS together form a database system. A DBMS provides advantages like reducing data redundancy and inconsistency, restricting unauthorized access, and enforcing data integrity and security.
Sql interview questions and answers
Sql interview questions and answerssheibansari The document discusses Codd's rules for relational database management systems (RDBMS). It explains the 13 rules, which include that data should only be represented as values in tables, null values must be supported, and the database description must be queryable using the same relational language as the data. It also defines what constitutes an RDBMS, describes database concepts like normalization, and provides examples of relationships and integrity rules.
PPT_DBMS.pptx
PPT_DBMS.pptxtraderbear1 This document introduces database management systems and relational database concepts. It defines key terms like data, data items, databases, DBMS, RDBMS, relations, tuples, attributes, domains and provides examples of common DBMS like MySQL, Oracle and DB2. It also summarizes different data models, database implementation levels, data independence, and relational model concepts such as primary keys, foreign keys and integrity constraints.
Codd’s rule.pptx
Codd’s rule.pptxNeeleshBhattacharjee1 Codd's Rule outlines 12 rules for relational database management systems (RDBMS) including: storing data in tables with rows and columns, guaranteeing access via table name, primary key and attribute, treating NULL values systematically, using a powerful yet well-structured query language, and ensuring logical and physical data independence. Key concepts in relational databases include tuples (rows), attributes (columns), attribute domains defining value types, relation schemas describing table structures, and relational integrity constraints like key, domain and referential constraints. The relational database design process involves defining the purpose, gathering and organizing data in tables with primary keys, creating relationships between tables, and refining the design through normalization.
Dbms Interview Question And Answer
Dbms Interview Question And AnswerJagan Mohan Bishoyi A database management system (DBMS) is system software for creating and managing databases. The DBMS provides users and programmers with a systematic way to create, retrieve, update and manage data.
A DBMS makes it possible for end users to create, read, update and delete data in a database. The DBMS essentially serves as an interface between the database and end users or application programs, ensuring that data is consistently organized and remains easily accessible.Read more.........
Data model
Data modelSyed Zaid Irshad A collection of conceptual tools for describing
data
data relationships
data semantics
data constraints
Relational model
Entity-Relationship model
Other models:
object-oriented model
semi-structured data models
Older models: network model and hierarchical model
DBMS and Rdbms fundamental concepts
DBMS and Rdbms fundamental conceptsKuntal Bhowmick Interview Questions of RDBMS or DBMS, DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, Interview Questions of DBMS, RDBMS
DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM - SHORT NOTES
DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM - SHORT NOTESsuthi This document defines key concepts in database management systems including:
1. A DBMS is a collection of interrelated data and programs to access the data. It is used in applications like banking, airlines, universities, etc.
2. Data is abstracted and stored at different levels (physical, logical, view). Schemas define the overall database design and instances represent the data stored at a moment in time.
3. Relationships associate entities and are modeled in ER diagrams using lines and diamonds. Keys uniquely identify entities and relationships.
Dbms basic nots
Dbms basic notsnitinnitinnitin The document discusses various concepts related to databases and DBMS. It defines what a database and DBMS are, describes the advantages and disadvantages of using a DBMS compared to file processing systems, and covers topics like data models, relational algebra, normalization, and transaction management. It provides explanations of key terms through a question and answer format.
Dbms 9: Relational Model
Dbms 9: Relational ModelAmiya9439793168 The document discusses the relational model and its key concepts including tables, rows, columns, domains, relations, and Codd's rules for what constitutes a relational database management system. It explains that a relational database consists of multiple tables where each row represents a relationship between column values. The document also covers relational integrity constraints, database languages, and Codd's 12 rules for RDBMS including logical data independence and comprehensive relational sublanguages.
Technical Note on DBMS
Technical Note on DBMSKr Shrishant The document summarizes key concepts in database management systems (DBMS). It defines a database as a collection of logically related data for a specific purpose. A DBMS is software that allows users to define, create, and manipulate this database. Together, the database and DBMS are called a database system. The document then covers database concepts like data models, normalization, queries, and more. It provides examples to illustrate database management system concepts.
DBMS interview questions
DBMS interview questionsHarish Gyanani The document provides information on databases, DBMS, database systems, advantages of DBMS over file processing systems, levels of data abstraction, integrity rules, extension and intension, System R, data independence, views, data models including E-R and object-oriented models, entities, entity sets, attributes, relations, relationships, keys, normalization, relational algebra, relational calculus, and other database concepts.
Database Management Systems Tutorial
Database Management Systems TutorialSachin MK This document provides an overview of database management systems and conceptual modeling. It defines key terms like DBMS, database schema, instance, physical schema, logical schema, and data model. It also describes data abstraction levels, the entity-relationship model, relational model components like tuples and relations, and relational algebra and calculus operations. The document consists of questions and answers on database concepts and topics like data modeling, the storage manager, and the entity-relationship diagram.
17032658 database-management-systems-tutorial-090917034406-phpapp02
17032658 database-management-systems-tutorial-090917034406-phpapp02Samina Sam Sam This document provides an overview of key concepts related to database management systems and the relational model. It defines what a DBMS is and lists common applications. File processing systems are described as having disadvantages like data redundancy and inconsistency that a DBMS addresses through features like controlling redundancy and enforcing integrity constraints. Concepts covered include the three levels of data abstraction in a DBMS, the difference between schemas and instances, and data models. The document also provides definitions and explanations of core relational model concepts such as relations, tuples, attributes, domains, keys, and relational algebra operations.
Export ERD | SQL Database Modeler.pptx
Export ERD | SQL Database Modeler.pptxSQL DBM Use Export ERD, your all-inclusive SQL database modeler, to expedite the construction of your databases. Create complex database structures with ease and precisely visualize your schema. Export your Entity-Relationship Diagrams (ERD) with ease to advance your projects. Give your team access to a tool that makes complex data modeling simple, speeding up the process of designing databases with clarity and efficiency.
1resume
1resumeRobert AK The document defines various database concepts including database, DBMS, database system, data independence, data models, relational algebra, relational calculus, normalization, and SQL. It also describes database architecture including the RDBMS kernel, subsystems, data dictionary, and how users communicate with an RDBMS using SQL. The key differences between SQL and other languages are that SQL is non-procedural and declarative, allowing users to specify what data to retrieve rather than how to retrieve it.
Database note for 4th semester Notes 
Database note for 4th semester Notes Islamia College University A database is a collection of logically related data designed to meet the information needs of an organization. It includes entities, attributes, and relationships. A database management system (DBMS) enables users to define, create, maintain, and control access to the database. It allows application programs to interact with the database using queries. Key components of a DBMS environment include hardware, software, data, procedures, and users who have different roles. DBMSs provide advantages like data sharing and integrity but also disadvantages like complexity, costs, and potential single points of failure.
ans_dbms.pdf
ans_dbms.pdfSandipPradhan23 The document defines key database concepts:
1. A primary key uniquely identifies rows in a table and cannot contain null values.
2. A foreign key refers to the primary key of another table to link tables.
3. A data dictionary contains metadata about the database structure and access permissions.
Codds rules & keys
Codds rules & keysBalasingham Karthiban This document discusses database management system (DBMS) architecture and relational database management systems (RDBMS). It describes one-tier, two-tier, and three-tier architectures for DBMS. It also discusses database models including hierarchical, network, and relational models. Additionally, it covers RDBMS concepts such as tables, records, fields, columns, keys including primary keys and foreign keys. It provides examples to illustrate these concepts.
Ad
More from emailharmeet (17)
Lecture 10 distributed database management system
Lecture 10 distributed database management systememailharmeet This document discusses distributed database management systems (DDBMS). It outlines the evolution of DDBMS from centralized systems to today's distributed systems over the internet. It describes the advantages and disadvantages of DDBMS, components of DDBMS including transaction processors and data processors, and levels of data and process distribution including single-site, multiple-site, and fully distributed systems. It also discusses concepts like distribution transparency, transaction transparency, and distributed concurrency control in DDBMS.
Lecture 09 dblc centralized vs decentralized design
Lecture 09 dblc centralized vs decentralized designemailharmeet The document discusses database design and the database lifecycle (DBLC). It describes the DBLC phases including initial study, database design, implementation and loading, testing and evaluation, operation, and maintenance and evaluation. The database design phase is the most critical and involves conceptual design including entity relationship modeling, logical design, and physical design. The document also discusses centralized versus decentralized database design and the tradeoffs between the two approaches.
Lecture 08 distributed dbms
Lecture 08 distributed dbmsemailharmeet The document discusses distributed database management systems (DDBMS). It describes how DDBMS evolved from centralized systems to address needs for decentralized management, improved performance and reliability. Key components of a DDBMS include transaction processors, data processors and protocols to coordinate communication and ensure consistency. The document also covers different levels of data and process distribution, and techniques for providing transparency in distributed databases.
Lecture 06 relational algebra and calculus
Lecture 06 relational algebra and calculusemailharmeet The document discusses data manipulation languages (DML) for databases. There are two main types of DML: navigational/procedural and non-navigational/non-procedural. Relational algebra is a non-navigational DML defined by Codd that uses algebraic operations like selection, projection, join, etc. on tables. Relational calculus is also a non-navigational DML that defines new relations in terms of predicates on tuple variables ranging over named relations.
Testing lecture after lec 4
Testing lecture after lec 4emailharmeet The document contains examples of C++ code demonstrating basic concepts like variable declaration and initialization, input/output using cout and cin, comments, calculations, and passing variables by reference to allow functions to modify calling variables. Multiple code snippets are provided to illustrate different language features like declaring variables in loops, encapsulating code in curly braces, accessing global variables, and using references to alias variables.
Lab 1
Lab 1emailharmeet This document contains debugging exercises and programming exercises in C++. The debugging exercises identify errors in sample code snippets, such as using the wrong data type or operator. The programming exercises provide tasks to write C++ programs, such as displaying output, reading user input, performing calculations, and converting between temperature scales using a class.
Revision Lecture
Revision Lectureemailharmeet This document provides an introduction to object-oriented programming and C++. It defines key object-oriented programming concepts like objects, classes, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and aggregation. It also introduces basic C++ concepts such as variables, data types, operators, functions, and input/output. The document uses a sample C++ program to demonstrate typical program structure and elements like main functions, function definitions, comments, and preprocessor directives.
Lecture 4
Lecture 4emailharmeet Object oriented programming involves creating classes that define objects and their behaviors, and then creating objects from those classes that can communicate by sending messages. The key aspects are:
1. Creating classes that define abstract data types with attributes and methods.
2. Instantiating objects from those classes that have unique identities and states.
3. Sending messages to objects by calling their methods using dot notation.
Lecture 3 c++
Lecture 3 c++emailharmeet The document provides an introduction to basic concepts in object-oriented programming with C++, including data types, variables, operators, functions, input/output, arrays, pointers, and control structures. It explains fundamental data types like integers and characters, how to declare and assign variables, arithmetic and logical operators, how functions are defined by their name, parameters and return type, and how to pass arguments by value or reference. It also covers arrays, pointers, the relationship between arrays and pointers, pointer arithmetic, input/output streams, and control structures like if/else statements, for/while loops, switch statements, and do/while loops.
Lecture 2
Lecture 2emailharmeet The document discusses key concepts in object-oriented programming (OOP) including objects, classes, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and message passing. It provides examples of a simple class named "item" that includes variables and methods. It also discusses how objects are composed of data and functions, and how classes are used to organize data and functions through principles like private/public access and data abstraction.
Course File c++
Course File c++emailharmeet The document outlines the syllabus for an Object Oriented Programming using C++ course. It is divided into 3 sections - Introduction to OOP concepts and C++ basics, Classes and Objects, and Input/Output files. Section I covers OOP characteristics, C++ program statements, functions, arrays and pointers. Section II covers classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism and static/friend functions. Section III discusses file I/O using streams in C++. The question paper for internal assessment will have 2 parts - short questions from each section in Part A and longer questions covering all sections in Part B.
Assignmnet 1
Assignmnet 1emailharmeet This document provides instructions for creating an entity relationship diagram for a time table assignment for PCTE. It lists the steps needed to identify the entities, attributes, relationships, primary keys, foreign keys, cardinality, connectivity, and dependencies to model the data. The assignment is due on August 23, 2010 and late submissions will not be accepted.
Lecture 03 data abstraction and er model
Lecture 03 data abstraction and er modelemailharmeet The document discusses entity relationship (E-R) modeling and database design. It covers key concepts of E-R modeling including entities, attributes, relationships, cardinality, connectivity, weak/strong relationships, and inheritance. It also discusses developing E-R diagrams through an iterative process and reconciling conflicting goals of database design such as standards compliance, performance, and security.
Lecture 02 terminology of database
Lecture 02 terminology of databaseemailharmeet This document defines important database terminology including relation, entity, attributes, entity type, tuple, domain, cardinality, degree, key, primary key, foreign key, super key, alternate key, candidate key, and unique key.
Lecture 01 introduction to database
Lecture 01 introduction to databaseemailharmeet This document provides an overview of databases and database management systems (DBMS). It discusses how databases evolved from file systems to address flaws in data management. It describes what a DBMS is and its functions in managing the database structure and controlling data access. The document also summarizes different database models including hierarchical, network, relational, entity-relationship, and object-oriented models. It highlights advantages and disadvantages of each model.
Lecture 00 introduction to course
Lecture 00 introduction to courseemailharmeet This document provides an introduction and overview for a course on Relational Database Management Systems. It outlines the instructor details, evaluation criteria including assignments and tests, marks distribution across internal and external assessments. Required textbooks are listed for both theory and practical components. Previous year question papers are linked. The course syllabus is broken down into four main sections covering database concepts, data models, relational model and relational query language SQL. Key points are highlighted regarding attendance, assignment deadlines, and accessing course materials on the college server.
Syllabus mca 2 rdbms i
Syllabus mca 2 rdbms iemailharmeet This document outlines the syllabus for an MCA course on relational database management systems. The course introduces students to fundamental database concepts like data modeling, normalization, and SQL. It will cover topics such as the relational model, entity-relationship diagrams, functional dependencies, relational algebra, and database design principles. Students will learn to analyze business needs and design databases using tools like SQL. The course aims to help students develop skills for implementing database solutions to real-world problems.
Recently uploaded (20)
Metamorphosis: Life's Transformative Journey
Metamorphosis: Life's Transformative JourneyArshad Shaikh *Metamorphosis* is a biological process where an animal undergoes a dramatic transformation from a juvenile or larval stage to a adult stage, often involving significant changes in form and structure. This process is commonly seen in insects, amphibians, and some other animals.
Phoenix – A Collaborative Renewal of Children’s and Young People’s Services C...
Phoenix – A Collaborative Renewal of Children’s and Young People’s Services C...Library Association of Ireland
LDMMIA Reiki Master Spring 2025 Mini Updates
LDMMIA Reiki Master Spring 2025 Mini UpdatesLDM Mia eStudios As of Mid to April Ending, I am building a new Reiki-Yoga Series. No worries, they are free workshops. So far, I have 3 presentations so its a gradual process. If interested visit: https://www.slideshare.net/YogaPrincess
https://ldmchapels.weebly.com
Blessings and Happy Spring. We are hitting Mid Season.
SCI BIZ TECH QUIZ (OPEN) PRELIMS XTASY 2025.pptx
SCI BIZ TECH QUIZ (OPEN) PRELIMS XTASY 2025.pptxRonisha Das SCI BIZ TECH QUIZ (OPEN) PRELIMS - XTASY 2025
UNIT 3 NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMMEE. SOCIAL AND PREVENTIVE PHARMACY
UNIT 3 NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMMEE. SOCIAL AND PREVENTIVE PHARMACYDR.PRISCILLA MARY J NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMMEE
Operations Management (Dr. Abdulfatah Salem).pdf
Operations Management (Dr. Abdulfatah Salem).pdfArab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport This version of the lectures is provided free of charge to graduate students studying the Operations Management course at the MBA level.
To study the nervous system of insect.pptx
To study the nervous system of insect.pptxArshad Shaikh The *nervous system of insects* is a complex network of nerve cells (neurons) and supporting cells that process and transmit information. Here's an overview:
Structure
1. *Brain*: The insect brain is a complex structure that processes sensory information, controls behavior, and integrates information.
2. *Ventral nerve cord*: A chain of ganglia (nerve clusters) that runs along the insect's body, controlling movement and sensory processing.
3. *Peripheral nervous system*: Nerves that connect the central nervous system to sensory organs and muscles.
Functions
1. *Sensory processing*: Insects can detect and respond to various stimuli, such as light, sound, touch, taste, and smell.
2. *Motor control*: The nervous system controls movement, including walking, flying, and feeding.
3. *Behavioral responThe *nervous system of insects* is a complex network of nerve cells (neurons) and supporting cells that process and transmit information. Here's an overview:
Structure
1. *Brain*: The insect brain is a complex structure that processes sensory information, controls behavior, and integrates information.
2. *Ventral nerve cord*: A chain of ganglia (nerve clusters) that runs along the insect's body, controlling movement and sensory processing.
3. *Peripheral nervous system*: Nerves that connect the central nervous system to sensory organs and muscles.
Functions
1. *Sensory processing*: Insects can detect and respond to various stimuli, such as light, sound, touch, taste, and smell.
2. *Motor control*: The nervous system controls movement, including walking, flying, and feeding.
3. *Behavioral responses*: Insects can exhibit complex behaviors, such as mating, foraging, and social interactions.
Characteristics
1. *Decentralized*: Insect nervous systems have some autonomy in different body parts.
2. *Specialized*: Different parts of the nervous system are specialized for specific functions.
3. *Efficient*: Insect nervous systems are highly efficient, allowing for rapid processing and response to stimuli.
The insect nervous system is a remarkable example of evolutionary adaptation, enabling insects to thrive in diverse environments.
The insect nervous system is a remarkable example of evolutionary adaptation, enabling insects to thrive
Geography Sem II Unit 1C Correlation of Geography with other school subjects
Geography Sem II Unit 1C Correlation of Geography with other school subjectsProfDrShaikhImran The correlation of school subjects refers to the interconnectedness and mutual reinforcement between different academic disciplines. This concept highlights how knowledge and skills in one subject can support, enhance, or overlap with learning in another. Recognizing these correlations helps in creating a more holistic and meaningful educational experience.
Biophysics Chapter 3 Methods of Studying Macromolecules.pdf
Biophysics Chapter 3 Methods of Studying Macromolecules.pdfPKLI-Institute of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences Lahore , Pakistan. This chapter provides an in-depth overview of the viscosity of macromolecules, an essential concept in biophysics and medical sciences, especially in understanding fluid behavior like blood flow in the human body.
Key concepts covered include:
✅ Definition and Types of Viscosity: Dynamic vs. Kinematic viscosity, cohesion, and adhesion.
⚙️ Methods of Measuring Viscosity:
Rotary Viscometer
Vibrational Viscometer
Falling Object Method
Capillary Viscometer
🌡️ Factors Affecting Viscosity: Temperature, composition, flow rate.
🩺 Clinical Relevance: Impact of blood viscosity in cardiovascular health.
🌊 Fluid Dynamics: Laminar vs. turbulent flow, Reynolds number.
🔬 Extension Techniques:
Chromatography (adsorption, partition, TLC, etc.)
Electrophoresis (protein/DNA separation)
Sedimentation and Centrifugation methods.
Introduction to Vibe Coding and Vibe Engineering
Introduction to Vibe Coding and Vibe EngineeringDamian T. Gordon Introduction to Vibe Coding and Vibe Engineering
Presentation on Tourism Product Development By Md Shaifullar Rabbi
Presentation on Tourism Product Development By Md Shaifullar RabbiMd Shaifullar Rabbi Presentation on Tourism Product Development By Md Shaifullar Rabbi, Assistant Manager- SABRE Bangladesh.
Exploring-Substances-Acidic-Basic-and-Neutral.pdf
Exploring-Substances-Acidic-Basic-and-Neutral.pdfSandeep Swamy Exploring Substances:
Acidic, Basic, and
Neutral
Welcome to the fascinating world of acids and bases! Join siblings Ashwin and
Keerthi as they explore the colorful world of substances at their school's
National Science Day fair. Their adventure begins with a mysterious white paper
that reveals hidden messages when sprayed with a special liquid.
In this presentation, we'll discover how different substances can be classified as
acidic, basic, or neutral. We'll explore natural indicators like litmus, red rose
extract, and turmeric that help us identify these substances through color
changes. We'll also learn about neutralization reactions and their applications in
our daily lives.
by sandeep swamy
How to Subscribe Newsletter From Odoo 18 Website
How to Subscribe Newsletter From Odoo 18 WebsiteCeline George Newsletter is a powerful tool that effectively manage the email marketing . It allows us to send professional looking HTML formatted emails. Under the Mailing Lists in Email Marketing we can find all the Newsletter.
Marie Boran Special Collections Librarian Hardiman Library, University of Gal...
Marie Boran Special Collections Librarian Hardiman Library, University of Gal...Library Association of Ireland Phoenix – A Collaborative Renewal of Children’s and Young People’s Services Clare Doyle - Cork City Libraries
YSPH VMOC Special Report - Measles Outbreak Southwest US 5-3-2025.pptx
YSPH VMOC Special Report - Measles Outbreak Southwest US 5-3-2025.pptxYale School of Public Health - The Virtual Medical Operations Center (VMOC) A measles outbreak originating in West Texas has been linked to confirmed cases in New Mexico, with additional cases reported in Oklahoma and Kansas. The current case count is 817 from Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Kansas. 97 individuals have required hospitalization, and 3 deaths, 2 children in Texas and one adult in New Mexico. These fatalities mark the first measles-related deaths in the United States since 2015 and the first pediatric measles death since 2003.
The YSPH Virtual Medical Operations Center Briefs (VMOC) were created as a service-learning project by faculty and graduate students at the Yale School of Public Health in response to the 2010 Haiti Earthquake. Each year, the VMOC Briefs are produced by students enrolled in Environmental Health Science Course 581 - Public Health Emergencies: Disaster Planning and Response. These briefs compile diverse information sources – including status reports, maps, news articles, and web content– into a single, easily digestible document that can be widely shared and used interactively. Key features of this report include:
- Comprehensive Overview: Provides situation updates, maps, relevant news, and web resources.
- Accessibility: Designed for easy reading, wide distribution, and interactive use.
- Collaboration: The “unlocked" format enables other responders to share, copy, and adapt seamlessly. The students learn by doing, quickly discovering how and where to find critical information and presenting it in an easily understood manner.
CURRENT CASE COUNT: 817 (As of 05/3/2025)
• Texas: 688 (+20)(62% of these cases are in Gaines County).
• New Mexico: 67 (+1 )(92.4% of the cases are from Eddy County)
• Oklahoma: 16 (+1)
• Kansas: 46 (32% of the cases are from Gray County)
HOSPITALIZATIONS: 97 (+2)
• Texas: 89 (+2) - This is 13.02% of all TX cases.
• New Mexico: 7 - This is 10.6% of all NM cases.
• Kansas: 1 - This is 2.7% of all KS cases.
DEATHS: 3
• Texas: 2 – This is 0.31% of all cases
• New Mexico: 1 – This is 1.54% of all cases
US NATIONAL CASE COUNT: 967 (Confirmed and suspected):
INTERNATIONAL SPREAD (As of 4/2/2025)
• Mexico – 865 (+58)
‒Chihuahua, Mexico: 844 (+58) cases, 3 hospitalizations, 1 fatality
• Canada: 1531 (+270) (This reflects Ontario's Outbreak, which began 11/24)
‒Ontario, Canada – 1243 (+223) cases, 84 hospitalizations.
• Europe: 6,814
apa-style-referencing-visual-guide-2025.pdf
apa-style-referencing-visual-guide-2025.pdfIshika Ghosh Title: A Quick and Illustrated Guide to APA Style Referencing (7th Edition)
This visual and beginner-friendly guide simplifies the APA referencing style (7th edition) for academic writing. Designed especially for commerce students and research beginners, it includes:
✅ Real examples from original research papers
✅ Color-coded diagrams for clarity
✅ Key rules for in-text citation and reference list formatting
✅ Free citation tools like Mendeley & Zotero explained
Whether you're writing a college assignment, dissertation, or academic article, this guide will help you cite your sources correctly, confidently, and consistent.
Created by: Prof. Ishika Ghosh,
Faculty.
📩 For queries or feedback: [email protected]
Quality Contril Analysis of Containers.pdf
Quality Contril Analysis of Containers.pdfDr. Bindiya Chauhan Quality control test for containers, rubber closures and secondary packing materials.
Multi-currency in odoo accounting and Update exchange rates automatically in ...
Multi-currency in odoo accounting and Update exchange rates automatically in ...Celine George Most business transactions use the currencies of several countries for financial operations. For global transactions, multi-currency management is essential for enabling international trade.
Phoenix – A Collaborative Renewal of Children’s and Young People’s Services C...
Phoenix – A Collaborative Renewal of Children’s and Young People’s Services C...Library Association of Ireland
Operations Management (Dr. Abdulfatah Salem).pdf
Operations Management (Dr. Abdulfatah Salem).pdfArab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport
Biophysics Chapter 3 Methods of Studying Macromolecules.pdf
Biophysics Chapter 3 Methods of Studying Macromolecules.pdfPKLI-Institute of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences Lahore , Pakistan.
Marie Boran Special Collections Librarian Hardiman Library, University of Gal...
Marie Boran Special Collections Librarian Hardiman Library, University of Gal...Library Association of Ireland
YSPH VMOC Special Report - Measles Outbreak Southwest US 5-3-2025.pptx
YSPH VMOC Special Report - Measles Outbreak Southwest US 5-3-2025.pptxYale School of Public Health - The Virtual Medical Operations Center (VMOC)
Lecture 07 relational database management system
- 1. Lecture 7 Relational Database Management System
- 2. The Relational Model Due to Codd. Everything is represented as a relation. A database therefore is a collection of tables, each of which has a unique name, and each of which is described by a schema. In addition, Codd defined a data manipulation language .
- 3. Example of Schemas in the Relational Model Example of a representation of entity sets: Student( sid ,name,addr) Course( cid ,title,eid) Empl( eid , ename, deptid) Dept( deptid , dname, loc) Primary keys are underlined. Recall that a primary key is one that uniquely identifies an entity. An entity is a row in a table.
- 4. Relational Databases: Basic Concepts I Attribute: A column in a table Domain The set of values from which the values of an attribute are drawn. Null value A special value, meaning “not known” or “not applicable”. Relation schema A set of attribute names
- 5. Relational Databases: Basic Concepts II Tuple A set of values, one for each attribute in the relation scheme over which the tuple is defined, i.e. a mapping from attributes to the appropriate domains Relation instance A set of tuples over the scheme of the relation
- 6. Relational Databases: Basic Concepts III Relational Database A set of relations, each with a unique name Normalized Relation A relation in which every value is atomic (non-decomposable). Hence, every attribute in every tuple has a single value.
- 7. Keys Candidate Key A minimal set of attributes that uniquely identifies a tuple Primary Key The candidate key chosen as the identifying key of the relation Alternate Key Candidate keys which are not primary keys
- 8. Foreign Key An attribute (or set of attributes) in table R1 which also occurs as the primary key of relation R2. R2 is called the referenced relation. Foreign keys are also called connection keys or reference attributes .
- 9. Integrity Rules: Entity Constraint Entity constraint All attributes in a primary key must be non-null. Motivation: If the primary key uniquely identifies an entity in an entity set, then we must ensure that we have all the relevant information
- 10. Integrity Rules: Referential Integrity Referential integrity A database cannot contain a tuple with a value for a foreign key that does not match a primary key value in the referenced relation. Or, a foreign key must refer to a tuple that exists. Motivation: If referential integrity were violated, we could have relationships between entities that we do not have any information about.
- 11. Codd Rules Rules for a Database to qualify as Relational Database Information Rule Guaranteed Access Rule Comprehensive Data Sub-language Rule View Update Rule High Level Insert, Update and Delete Physical Data Independence Logical Data Independence Integrity Independence Non Subversion Rule Systematic Treatment of Null Values Database Description Rule Distribution Independence
- 12. Data Manipulation Languages In order for a database to be useful, it should be possible to store and retrieve information from it. This is the role of the data manipulation language. One of the attractions of the relational data model is that it comes with a well-defined data manipulation language.
- 13. Types of DML Two types of data manipulation languages Navigational (procedural) The query specifies (to some extent) the strategy used to find the desired result e.g. relational algebra. Non-navigational(non-procedural) The query only specifies what data is wanted, not how to find it e.g. relational calculus.