Lecture 1 information system
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This document discusses information systems and their components. It defines an information system as a combination of hardware, software, and telecommunications networks that people use to collect, store, and distribute useful data, typically in organizational settings. It explains that information systems take raw data as input, process it, and produce information as output. The document also defines key terms like data, information, systems, and subsystems. It lists different types of information systems and provides examples. Finally, it outlines the basic components of computer-based information systems and references additional reading.
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### Introduction
System Analysis and Design (SAD) is a fundamental process in software and information systems development. It involves understanding business needs, analyzing system requirements, designing solutions, and implementing them effectively. This document provides a concise explanation of SAD, covering its principles, methodologies, tools, techniques, and real-world applications.
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1. **Planning**: Defining scope, objectives, and feasibility.
2. **Analysis**: Gathering user requirements, studying existing systems, and defining new needs.
3. **Design**: Creating system architecture, interface design, and database structures.
4. **Implementation**: Coding, testing, and deploying the system.
5. **Maintenance and Support**: Updating and optimizing the system after deployment.
### 4. System Analysis Techniques
Effective system analysis involves:
- **Data Flow Diagrams (DFD)**: Representing data movement.
- **Use Case Diagrams**: Illustrating system interactions.
- **Entity-Relationship Diagrams (ERD)**: Defining data structures.
- **Process Modeling**: Depicting workflows.
### 5. System Design Methodologies
Approaches to system design include:
- **Structured Design**: Step-by-step decomposition of components.
- **Object-Oriented Design (OOD)**: Emphasizing objects and interactions.
- **Prototyping**: Developing early models for user feedback.
- **Agile Development**: Iterative development with continuous input.
### 6. Tools and Technologies for SAD
Key tools include:
- **CASE (Computer-Aided Software Engineering) Tools**: Aid in modeling.
- **UML (Unified Modeling Language)**: Standardized diagrams.
- **Database Management Systems (DBMS)**: Manage data.
- **Wireframing Tools**: Assist in UI design.
### 7. Challenges in System Analysis and Design
Common challenges include:
- Changing user requirements
- Integration with legacy systems
- Security concerns
- Budget and time constraints
- Communication gaps
### 8. Real-World Applications
SAD is applied in industries like:
- **Healthcare**: Electronic health records.
- **Finance**: Online banking.
- **E-commerce**: Online shopping platforms.
- **Go
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Mis 1
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Unit-1.pptxAjayKumar73315 This document provides an overview of information systems, including their components and types. It describes how information systems are composed of people, hardware, software, data, and telecommunications. It also explains the main types of information systems: transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and executive information systems. Each type is used to support different levels of management in an organization.
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Lecture 1 [MIS] .pptx Data flow djnsdjnasjkdjahdAhmedLakhwera This document provides an introduction to management information systems. It defines key terms like data, information, computer literacy, and business intelligence. It explains that an information system combines software, hardware, and networks to collect and process useful data for an organization. The major components of an information system are described as data, database, process, and information. Examples of information systems at a university and a textile company are provided. The importance of information systems for human resources, logistics, manufacturing, finance, and marketing is outlined.
1. Introduction to IS.pdf
1. Introduction to IS.pdfPrachesAcharya1 This document provides an overview of information systems. It begins by defining an information system and its basic components. It then discusses how information systems have evolved over time from early transaction processing systems to today's enterprise-wide, decision support, and inter-organizational systems. The document also covers different ways of classifying information systems such as by organizational structure, functional area, use across organizations, and system objectives.
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- 2. Information Systems • Why Do People Need Information? • Individuals - Entertainment and Enlightenment • Businesses - Decision making, Problem Solving and Control UniversityofEducation OkaraCampus 2
- 3. Information Systems • Data vs. Information • Data • A “given,” fact; a number, a statement, or a picture • The raw materials in the production of information • Information • Data that have meaning within a context, data after process UniversityofEducation OkaraCampus 3
- 4. Data, Information, and Systems • Generating Information • Computer-based ISs take data as raw material, process it, and produce information as output. (Definition of Computer) UniversityofEducation OkaraCampus 4Input-process-output
- 5. Information Systems • What Is a System? • System: A set of Components that work together to achieve a common Goal • Subsystem: One part of a system where the products of more than one system are combined to reach an ultimate goal • Closed System: Stand-alone system that has no contact with other systems • Open System: System that interfaces with other systems UniversityofEducation OkaraCampus 5
- 6. Information Systems • Definition IS is combination of hardware, software, and telecommunications networks that people build, collect, and distribute useful data, typically in organizational settings UniversityofEducation OkaraCampus 6
- 7. Information Systems UniversityofEducation OkaraCampus 7Qualities of humans and computers that contribute to synergy
- 8. Why Study IS? • Information Systems Careers • Systems analyst, specialist in enterprise resource planning (ERP), database administrator, telecommunications specialist, consulting, etc. • Knowledge Workers • Knowledge workers are typically professionals who are relatively well educated and who create, modify, and/or synthesize knowledge as a fundamental part of their jobs. • Employers seek computer-literate professionals who know how to use information technology. UniversityofEducation OkaraCampus 8
- 9. Types of Information Systems • Transaction processing System (TPS) • Knowledge Management System (KMS) • Learning Management Systems (LMS) • Database Management System (DBMS) • Office Information Systems (OIS) • Management Information System (MIS) UniversityofEducationOkara Campus 9
- 10. Information System Basic Components (For computer-based IS) An IS using computer technology to carry out some or all of its planned tasks. •Hardware- these are the devices like the monitor, processor, printer and keyboard, all of which work together to accept, process, show data and information. •Software- are the programs that allow the hardware to process the data. •Databases- are the gathering of associated files or tables containing related data. •Networks- are a connecting system that allows diverse computers to distribute resources. •Procedures- are the commands for combining the components above to process information and produce the preferred output. UniversityofEducationOkara Campus 10
- 11. Examples •Examples 1- People in organizations use information systems to process sales transactions, manage loan applications, or help financial analysts decide where, when, and how to invest. 2-Product managers also use them to help decide where, when, and how to market their products and related services, and production managers use them to help decide when and how to manufacture products. 3-Information systems also enable us to get cash from ATMs, communicate by live video with people in other parts of the world, and buy concert or airline tickets. 11 UniversityofEducationOkara Campus
- 16. Learning Assignment (4 Marks) • Case Study on FedEx to know its Information System. • Study on • Transaction processing system • Library Information System • Decision Support System • Office Automation System • Online Ticketing System • GIS • Office Automation System • Expert System 16 UniversityofEducationOkara Campus
- 17. References • Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World, Fourth Edition, by Joe Valacich and Christoph Schneider. Published by Prentice Hall. 17 UniversityofEducationOkara Campus