lecture_16.operating system CUI/GUI.pptx
- 1. 1 CSC 101 Introduction to Computing Lecture 16 Wajiha Farooq 1
- 2. 2 Objectives Overview Define system software and identify the two types of system software Describe the functions of an operating system Summarize the startup process on a personal computer Summarize the features of several stand-alone operating systems
- 3. 3 System Software System software consists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices Serves as the interface between the user, the application software, and the computer’s hardware. Operating Systems (sometimes called the platform) coordinates all activities among computer hardware resources Utility Programs allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks, usually related to managing a computer, its devices, or its programs
- 4. 4 Operating System (OS) OS is the computer's master control program provides you with the tools (commands) that enable you to interact with the PC When you issue a command, the OS translates it into code that the machine can use. It ensures that the results of your actions are displayed on screen, printed, and so on. Also acts as the primary controlling mechanism for the computer's hardware.
- 5. 5 Operating System Although an operating system can run from an optical disc and/or flash memory mobile media, in most cases, the operating system is installed and resides on the computer’s hard disk. On handheld computers and many mobile devices such as smart phones, the operating system may reside on a ROM chip Different sizes of computers typically use different operating systems because operating systems generally are written to run on a specific type of computer
- 6. 6 Operating Systems An operating system (OS) is a set of programs containing instructions that work together to coordinate all the activities among computer hardware resources Start and shut down a computer Provide a user interface Manage programs Manage memory Coordinate tasks Configure devices Establish an Internet connection Monitor performance Provide utilities Automatically update Control a network Administer security
- 7. 7 Operating System Functions (XP) monitor performance provide a user interface provide file management and other utilities establish an Internet connection control a network administer security start the computer manage programs schedule jobs and configure devices manage memory
- 8. 8 Operating Systems Functions (Windows 7)
- 9. 9 1. Start and Shutdown a Computer The process of starting or restarting a computer is called booting Cold Boot Turning on a computer that has been powered off completely Warm Boot Using the operating system to restart a computer that is powered on
- 10. 10 1. Start and Shutdown a Computer Each time you boot a computer, the kernel and other frequently used operating system instructions are loaded, or copied, from storage into the computer’s memory (RAM). The kernel is the core of an operating system manages memory and devices maintains the computer’s clock starts programs, and assigns the computer’s resources, such as devices, programs, data, and information.
- 11. 11 How a PC Boots
- 12. 12 Shut Down Options An operating system includes various shut down options Sleep mode saves any open documents and programs to RAM, turns off all unneeded functions, and then places the computer in a low-power state Hibernate saves any open documents and programs to a hard disk before removing power from the computer
- 13. 13 2. Providing a User Interface A user interface controls how you enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen With a graphical user interface (GUI), you interact with menus and visual images such as icons and buttons
- 14. 14 Graphical User Interface Most common interface Windows, OS X, some versions of Linux and Unix Frees you from memorizing and typing text commands Uses a mouse to control objects Uses a desktop metaphor Shortcuts open programs or documents Open documents have additional objects Task switching Dialog boxes allow directed input
- 16. 16 Command Line Interface Older interface DOS, Linux, UNIX With a command-line interface, a user uses the keyboard to enter data and instructions User types commands at a prompt User must remember all commands Included in all GUIs
- 18. 18 User Interface Controls how you enter data and instructions and how information displays on screen command-line interface menu-driven interface
- 19. 19 3. Manage Programs How an Operating system handles programs directly affects your productivity Single user and multiuser Single tasking and multitasking Foreground and background Preemptive multitasking Multiprocessing
- 20. 20 Single user/Single tasking OS One user works on the system Performs one task at a time MS-DOS and Palm OS Take up little space on disk Run on inexpensive computers
- 21. 21 Single User Multitasking Working on two or more programs that reside in memory at same time Foreground contains program you are using Background contains programs that are running but are not in use
- 22. 22 Real Time Operating Systems Very fast small OS Built into a device Respond quickly to user input MP3 players, Medical devices
- 23. 23 Single User Multitasking OS User performs many tasks at once Most common form of OS Windows XP and OS X Require expensive computers Tend to be complex
- 24. 24 Multi User / Multitasking OS Enable two or more users to run programs simultaneously Many users connect to one computer Each user has a unique session UNIX, Linux, and VMS Maintenance can be easy Requires a powerful computer
- 25. 25 Multi user/Multi tasking OS
- 26. 26 Other Program Management Features Multiprocessing Can support two or more processors running programs at the same time Fault tolerant computer Continues to operate when one of its components fails Has duplicate components such as processor, memory and disk drives
- 27. 27 4. Manage Memory Memory management optimizes the use of RAM Virtual memory is a portion of a storage medium functioning as additional RAM
- 28. 28 5. Coordinate Tasks The operating system determines the order in which tasks are processed
- 29. 29 Configuring Devices A device driver is a small program that tells the operating system how to communicate with a specific device Plug and Play operating system automatically configures new devices as you install them
- 30. 30 How do you install a device driver? Step 1. Open Control Panel window. Point to Printers and Other Hardware link. Step 2. Click Printers and Other Hardware link. Point to Add a printer link. Step 3. Click Add a printer link. Follow on-screen instructions. Step 4. Add Printer Wizard searches for Plug and Play printers on your computer. If it finds any such printers, it installs them. Step 5. If Add Printer Wizard cannot find any Plug and Play printers, you can select type of printer you want to install. An on-screen prompt may ask you to insert floppy disk, CD-ROM or DVD-ROM that contains necessary driver files to complete the installation of printer.
- 31. 31 6. Setting up an Internet Connection Operating systems typically provide a means to establish Internet connections
- 32. 32 7. Performance Monitor A performance monitor is a program that assesses and reports information about various computer resources and devices
- 33. 33 Providing File Management Operating systems often provide users with the capability of: Managing files Searching for files Viewing images Securing a computer Uninstalling programs Cleaning up disks Defragmenting disks Diagnosing problems Backing up files and disks Setting up screen savers
- 34. 34 File Manager A utility that performs functions related to file management Displaying a list of files Organizing files in folders Copying, renaming, deleting, moving, and sorting files and folders Creating shortcuts 34
- 35. 35 Search Utility is a program that attempts to locate a file on your computer based on criteria you specify 35
- 36. 36 Image Viewer allows users to display, copy, and print the contents of a graphics file An uninstaller removes a program, as well as any associated entries in the system files Windows XP uninstaller is in Add/Remove programs in control Panel 36
- 37. 37 Operating System Functions Automatic update automatically provides updates to the program
- 38. 38 Operating System Functions Some operating systems are designed to work with a server on a network A server operating system organizes and coordinates how multiple users access and share resources on a network A network administrator uses the server operating system to: Add and remove users, computers, and other devices Install software and administer network security
- 39. 39 Operating System Functions Each User has a account A user name, or user ID, identifies a specific user A password is a private combination of characters associated with the user name
- 40. 40 Summary System software Operating systems Functions of Operating System Start and shut down Providing a user interface Managing programs Managing memory Coordinated tasks and Configure devices Internet connection Providing Utilities and automatic Update 40