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- 1. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Core Concepts and Tools of the Oracle Database
- 2. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 2 Objectives After completing this lesson, you should be able to: • Describe the core concepts of the Oracle Database architecture with Automatic Storage Management (ASM) • Use configuration and management DBA tools • Describe the technical course environment
- 3. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 3 Naming the Core Components of an Oracle Database Server Database (Storage Structures) Server process PGA User process Instance Memory Structures (System Global Area) Process Structures Client Server Connection
- 4. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 4 Oracle Database Server Architecture Overview Database (storage structures) Server process PGA User process Instance Memory structures (System Global Area) Process structures Client Server Session Connection
- 5. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 6 Instance-Database Configurations D1 D2 I1 I2 I1 I2 I3 D Clustered system Nonclustered system Local storage Shared storage
- 6. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 7 Naming the Memory Structures of an Oracle Database Assign these names: Shared pool Database buffer cache Streams pool Large pool Java pool Stack Space KEEP buffer pool Recycle buffer pool nK buffer cache User Global Area Server process Redo log buffer Program Global Area (PGA) System Global Area (SGA)
- 7. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 8 Oracle Database Memory Structures Server process 1 Shared pool Database buffer cache Redo log buffer Streams pool Large pool Java pool Stack Space System Global Area (SGA) Program Global Area (PGA) Server process 2 KEEP buffer pool Recycle buffer pool nK buffer cache User Global Area Stack Space User Global Area PGA
- 8. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 10 Process Architecture • User process – Is the application or tool that connects to the Oracle Database • Database processes – Server process: Connects to the Oracle instance and is started when a user establishes a session – Background processes: Are started when an Oracle instance is started • Daemon/Application processes – Networking listeners – Grid Infrastructure daemons
- 9. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 11 Process Structures PMON SMON Others Instances (ASM and Database separate) RECO ARCn DBWn LGWR CKPT PGA User process Server process Background processes System Global Area (SGA) Required: ASMB RBAL Optional: Listener Grid Infrastructure Processes (ASM and Oracle Restart) orarootagent ohasd ocssd diskmon oraagent cssdagent
- 10. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 13 Adding Process Names 1. The ______process writes the dirty buffers to the data files. 2. The ______process writes the redo entries to the online redo log files. 3. The ______process writes checkpoint information in the control file and each data file header. 4. The ______process performs recovery on instance startup. 5. The ______process performs process recovery when a user process fails. 6. The ______process resolves in-doubt distributed transactions. 7. The ______processes copy redo log files to a designated storage device. A. Checkpoint process (CKPT) B. System monitor process (SMON) C. Recoverer process (RECO) D. Log writer process (LGWR) E. Archiver processes (ARCn) F. Process monitor process (PMON) G. Database writer process (DBWn)
- 11. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 14 • Oracle Grid Infrastructure is started by the OS init daemon. • Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation modifies the /etc/inittab file to ensure startup every time the machine is started in the corresponding run level. Process Startup Sequence init.ohasd (root) ohasd.bin oraagent.bin orarootagent.bin diskmon.bin cssdagent ocssd.bin init Grid Infrastructure Wrapper Script Grid Infrastructure Daemons and Processes Operating System Init Daemon # cat /etc/inittab .. h1:35:respawn:/etc/init.d/init.ohasd run >/dev/null 2>&1 </dev/null ASM instance Listener DB instance User-defined applications
- 12. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 15 Database Storage Architecture Online redo log files Password file Parameter file Archived redo log files Control files Data files Alert log and trace files Backup files
- 13. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 17 Logical and Physical Database Structures Database Logical Physical Tablespace Data file Segment Extent Oracle data block Storage system • SAN • NAS • Exadata • File system • NFS • ASM • RAW
- 14. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 19 Automatic Storage Management • Is a portable and high-performance cluster file system • Manages Oracle database files • Manages application files with ASM Cluster File System (ACFS) • Spreads data across disks to balance load • Mirrors data in case of failures • Solves storage-management challenges ASM Cluster File System ASM Dynamic Volume Manager Application Oracle Database Operating system ASM Files for Oracle Database Automatic Storage Management
- 15. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 20 ASM Storage Components Oracle Database Data file ASM disk group ASM disk ASM file ASM extent File system or Raw device ASM ASM allocation Unit
- 16. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 21 ASM Instance The ASM Instance is the process and memory components for ASM. Other misc. processes System Global Area (SGA) – memory Shared pool Large pool ASM cache Free memory Processes – CPU components ASM instance RBAL ARBn GMON Onnn PZ9n MARK
- 17. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 23 DBA Configuration Tools Setting up the technical environment for this course included the following tasks and tools: • Installing and configuring the Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a stand-alone server with the OUI, including: – Configuring a listener – Creating an ASM instance (+ASM) and configuring the +DATA disk group – Configuring Oracle Restart • Creating and configuring additional ASM disk groups (such as +FRA) with asmca • Installing the Oracle Database 11g software with OUI • Creating the orcl Oracle database with dbca Note: These tasks have already been performed for you.
- 18. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 25 Management Framework and Related DBA Tools The Oracle database management framework includes: • Database instance • Listener • Management interface: – Management agent (when using Grid Control) – Database Control Related tools and commands include: SQL*Plus: Listener Control utility: Enterprise Manager Control utility: $ emctl status dbconsole $ emctl start dbconsole $ emctl stop dbconsole $ lsnrctl status SQL> startup SQL> shutdown immediate
- 19. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 26 Facilitating Database Management with Oracle Restart • Restarting Oracle components when the host computer restarts or after hardware or software failure • Monitoring components and restarting them, if needed • For single-instance environments • Considering component dependencies: – Mounting disk groups and starting the ASM instance before starting the database instance – Soft dependency between the database instance and the listener • Starting Oracle Restart with the crsctl utility • Managing Oracle Restart components with the srvctl utility $ srvctl stop database –d orcl –o abort
- 20. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 28 Quiz Oracle Restart is installed and configured as part of an Oracle Grid Infrastructure for stand-alone server installation. 1. True 2. False
- 21. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 29 Summary In this lesson, you should have learned how to: • Describe the core concepts of the Oracle Database architecture with ASM • Determine which DBA configuration and management tools to use for which task • Describe the technical course environment orcl +asm DATA FRA Enterprise Manager Command line