Lightweight Java in the Cloud
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This document discusses building lightweight Java applications for the cloud. It describes how Java SE is well-suited for building microservices and lightweight apps. The cloud offers high availability, affordability, ease of management and access to supporting services. Application Platform as a Service (APaaS) focuses on running lightweight apps using containers. The document provides guidance on cloud application architecture, externalizing configuration, managing dependencies, and exposing services through REST interfaces.
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Lightweight Java in the Cloud
- 1. Lightweight Java in the Cloud Shaun Smith Oracle Applica9on Container Cloud [email protected] @shaunMsmith Gerrit Grunwald Java Technology Evangelist [email protected] @hansolo_ Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
- 2. Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Safe Harbor Statement The following is intended to outline our general product direc9on. It is intended for informa9on purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or func9onality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions. The development, release, and 9ming of any features or func9onality described for Oracle’s products remains at the sole discre9on of Oracle. 2
- 3. Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Java Cloud • Java SE is ideal for building lightweight applica9ons and (micro)services • Cloud plaTorms offer – High availability – Affordability – Ease of management – Access to suppor9ng services like object storage, messaging, and databases 3
- 4. Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | What do we mean by Cloud? • A wonderfully amorphous word! • Clouds offer a range of services including Iaas / SaaS / PaaS • Applica9on PlaTorm as a Service—APaaS – Focused on running lightweight applica9ons—not heavy weight services like database – Typically employ containers to run applica9ons – Many vendors to choose from – Most, if not all, APaaS plaTorms support Java 4
- 5. Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Cloud Applica9on Architecture 5
- 6. Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 6
- 7. Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 7 Configura9on
- 8. Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Test Prod 8 Dev
- 9. Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Configura9on • Applica9on should be “parameterizable”—externalize all config data • Configura9on should be defined as environment variables and read by applica9ons on start • Makes it easy to deploy the applica9on to any environment where configura9ons will differ • Deployment configura9on can be managed by Ops post Dev 9
- 10. Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 10 This includes database and other backing service loca9ons, third-‐party creden9als like AWS or Twijer…such configura9on should not be stored in the codebase…exposes private resources in the version control system.
- 11. Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 11 Environment variables…useful when the values are likely to be different from one host system to the next…makes the applica9on code more portable and flexible…cri4cal for wri4ng applica4ons that are easily deployed and scaled
- 12. Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 12 Grizzly / Jersey
- 13. Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 13 Embedded Tomcat
- 14. Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 14 Configura9on Dependencies
- 15. Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Dependencies • Applica9on dependencies must be explicitly declared • Relying on the availability of system wide libraries in the run9me environment can lead problems that are to hard to diagnose • Applica9ons with explicit dependencies are easy to move between environments • Maven & Gradle provide a nice way to declare applica9on dependencies 15
- 16. Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 16 Configura9on Dependencies Service Interface
- 17. Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Service Interface • Cloud applica9ons typically expose Web/REST/Websocket services using embedded servers like Tomcat, Jejy, or Grizzly/Jersey/Tyrus. • Embedded servers must bind to the hostname and port defined by the run9me environment, typically in an environment variable like $PORT • Applica9ons running in containers will likely bind to a local port that is receiving load balanced traffic forwarded from a pubic port • By exposing func9onality over REST, applica9ons can be provide services to other applica9ons (the core of the microservices approach) 17
- 18. Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 18 Configura9on Dependencies Services Applica9on Interface
- 19. Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Service Dependencies • Service coordinates published in the run9me environment for consump9on by applica9on • Backing services should be pluggable • Easy to change services—restart applica9on to pick up changes • Treat 3rd party or plaTorm services the same as your own services 19
- 20. Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | DEMO 20
- 21. Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Cloud Applica9on Quali9es 21
- 22. Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Stateless / Disposable • Applica9ons should be stateless with all persistent data stored in external services like database or key/value stores • Stateless applica9ons makes scaling easy (esp. when scaling in by disposing of instances) • Configura9on changes will result in the restar9ng (disposing & crea9ng) of applica9on instances • Ephemeral disk is useful but there is no guarantee a subsequent request will be handled by the same instance 22
- 23. Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Share Nothing • Ideally, applica9ons should be stateless and share-‐nothing • Horizontal scaling of stateless applica9ons by adding instances to handle increased load is simple and reliable • Not everyone agrees on this point… 23
- 24. Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 24 Why We Aren’t Joining the Cloud Foundry Founda4on …we are also working hard to support both stateless and stateful applica9ons inside those containers…
- 25. Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 25 Concurrency in Oracle Java SE Cloud Service Java SE Docker Java SE Docker Load Balancer … Messaging Cloud Service Storage Cloud Service Database Cloud Service Java Cloud Service MyApp Java SE Docker
- 26. Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Prac9cal Majers 26
- 27. Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Development vs. Deployment • APaaS plaTorms are deployment plaTorms—you run apps on them • Development happens where? • How to develop and debug applica9ons targe9ng APaaS? 27
- 28. Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Debug locally in emulated environment • Define environment variables to match target • Use same JDK release and version as in target • Use tools like Foreman • Challenge—”emulated” not iden9cal Debug in Cloud • Restrict to single instance • Remote test & debug • E.g., Spring Tools (experimental afaik) • Challenge—opening up ports and suppor9ng breakpoint callbacks from cloud to desktop 28 Debug locally using same Docker image as on APaaS • Same run9me environment as Cloud • Challenge—dependency on cloud services • E.g. Heroku (not exactly the same since not Docker in cloud) Java APaaS Debug Op9ons
- 29. Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Summary • Java is one of the best choices for Cloud applica9on development • Java has broad support from APaaS vendors • Most of the architectural principals of Cloud apps are simply good prac9ce – Configurable – Declared Dependencies – Pluggable Service – … 29 Configura9on Dependencies Applica9on Interface Services
- 30. Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Java is the PlaTorm! • Focus on your Java applica9on and not on proprietary plaTorm features • Architect for plaTorm independence • Own the stack—don’t let vendors dictate • Use embedded servers, not containers to stay light • Consider the microservices approach of many small services assembled to provide a complete solu9on 30
- 31. Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 31