Linking words
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First, one has to take a kettle with water and boil it on the stove. Then, tea leaves or dust are added to the boiling water and boiled until the water turns reddish. Next, the kettle is removed from the stove and the tea is poured through a sieve into cups. Sugar and milk are added to taste.
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Linking words
- 1. Monday, 02 November 2020 1
- 2. Monday, 02 November 2020 2
- 3. Monday, 02 November 2020 3 Making a cup of tea is a very simple and easy thing. First, one has to take a kettle with required quantity of water in it and put it on a stove to boil the water for a few minutes. The water has to be sufficiently boiled, or else the tea will not be as good as it can be. Then you have to put some tea-leaves or tea dust into it when the water has boiled properly. Then continue to boil it until the water has turned reddish. Next you have to remove the kettle from the stove and pour the liquor into cups through a sieve. After that you have to put some sugar into each cup of tea, mix a little milk with it and stir it. One may add ginger or lemon juice instead of milk according to one's taste. Then the cup of tea is ready to be served. First, and Then when Then Next and After that Finally How to make a cup of good tea
- 4. Use of English Linking Words Linking words
- 5. Learning Outcome: •By the end of the lesson students will be able to use linking words in paragraphs. Monday, 02 November 2020 5
- 6. What are linking words? • Linking words are words that join clauses into sentences. • There are three main types of linking words: • conjunctions • sentence connectors • subordinators. Monday, 02 November 2020 6
- 7. Conjunctions • and • but • so • nor • yet. Monday, 02 November 2020 7 • Conjunctions are the most common form of linking word. They are used to join two parts of a sentence together are generally in the middle of a sentence. There are seven co-ordinating conjunctions. These are: Example: Successful students work hard and they organise their time effectively. • or • for Independent clause Independent clause
- 8. Monday, 02 November 2020 8 •For (effect/cause): Maria is afraid of dogs, for she was bitten by a dog when she was young. •And (addition): Isabela lives in Chattogram, and his parents live nearby in Noakhali. •Nor (addition of negatives): Mary doesn’t want to go to college, nor does she want to find a job. •But (contrast): Abdul likes to read, but he prefers to watch television. •Or (alternative): Jobbar thinks he wants to study math, or he might be interested in fire fighting. •Yet (contrast): Jashim really likes to run in the morning, yet he hates getting up early. •So (cause/effect): Jasmine loves birds, so she went to the animal shop to buy one. Examples:
- 9. Sentence connectors • Sentence connectors are used to link ideas from one sentence to the next and to give paragraphs coherence. Sentence connectors perform different functions and are placed at the beginning of a sentence. They are used to introduce, order, contrast, sequence ideas, theory, data etc. The following table lists useful connectors. Monday, 02 November 2020 9
- 10. Logical / sequential order • Firstly, secondly, thirdly etc • Next, last, finally • In addition • Furthermore • Also • At present / presently Monday, 02 November 2020 10
- 11. Order of importance •Most / more importantly •Most significantly •Above all •Primarily •It is essential / essentially •However •On the other hand •On the contrary •By (in) comparison •In contrast Monday, 02 November 2020 11 Contrast
- 12. •As a result •As a consequence •Therefore •Thus •Consequently •Hence •Similarly •Likewise •Also Monday, 02 November 2020 12 ComparisonResult Reason • The cause of • The reason for
- 13. Activity 1 – Fill in the gaps Time management skills are essential for study success. ___________, there are several useful strategies that can be used to improve your time management skills. __________, have clear goals in mind. __________, plan your time by having a yearly and weekly planner. Careful planning will enable you to keep on the top of your work and avoid stress. __________, reward yourself when the job is done. Monday, 02 November 2020 13 In factFirstly SecondlyFinally
- 14. Activity 2: Identify 4 linking words / phrases • Do teams in organisations need leaders? • How and why the leader was selected also appears to affect the leader’s effectiveness. Addison (1996), for instance, asserts that if a leader is elected democratically by the team and from within the team, there is more likelihood of an effective work relationship between team members. However, Smith (1996) notes that more than 60% of 500 workplace teams studied operate with team leaders chosen by the middle or upper management. Furthermore, in more than half of these, the team leaders did not have the confidence of the team members to the extent that effectiveness and efficiency was compromised. Monday, 02 November 2020 14
- 15. Social networks services make it possible to connect people sharing interests and activities across the borders and thus have made a lot for the users to feel that they really live in a global village. Why are social networks expanding so fast? The answer is simple. Firstly, most of the social services are cost free. You can make use of them free, paying a very little to your Internet service provider. Secondly, you can make your personal profile public before the entire online community. It is like presenting yourself before the entire world. You can also look into other people’s profile if you are interested. It is simple and easy. Thirdly, social networks allow users to upload pictures, multimedia contents and modify the profile. Some like Facebook allow users to update their profiles. Fourthly, networks allow users to post blog entries. User profiles have a section dedicated to comments from friends and other users. Finally, there are privacy protection measures too. A user himself or herself decides over the number of visitors/viewers, and what information should be shared with others Monday, 02 November 2020 15 Firstly Secondly Thirdly Fourthly Finally Activity 3:
- 16. Subordinators • Subordinators are linking words that are used to join clauses together. They are used at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence. Monday, 02 November 2020 16 1. I love coffee although it upsets my stomach. 2. Malek drinks tea because it is filled with healthy antioxidants. 3. When Krishna gets up in the morning, he drinks a glass of water with lemon. 4. If Angelo doesn't have his morning coffee, he feels grumpy all day. 5. I went to Dhaka last week so that I could see my ailing mother. Example
- 17. Comparison and contrast •Although •Though •Even though •While •Whereas •Since •So that •Because Monday, 02 November 2020 17 Cause and effect
- 18. Time •After •When •Until •Whenever •Before •if •as if •whether •unless Monday, 02 November 2020 18 Possibility
- 19. Place and manner •Wherever •Where •How •Whatever Monday, 02 November 2020 19 Let’s enjoy a music
- 20. Monday, 02 November 2020 20 Dogs and Goldfish Dogs are probably the most popular pet in America, but I think a goldfish is a much better pet than a dog. First of all, a goldfish is much quieter than a dog. A dog will often bark when someone comes to the door. However, a goldfish would never bark or even make a noise. In addition, goldfish are much cleaner than other animals. Both dogs and cats get hair all over the furniture in your house. A goldfish doesn’t even have any hair, so it is much cleaner. Finally, a goldfish is much less expensive to buy and take care of. I recently saw goldfish for sale at a pet store for 99 cents. On the other hand, my uncle recently paid 6350.00 taka for a Labrador retriever. , food for a dog can cost up to ten dollars a week,, but food for a goldfish probably won’t cost you that much in a whole year. If you are looking for a quiet, clean and inexpensive pet, you should choose a goldfish not a dog. but First of all However Both Finally On the other hand Also but Activity 4:
- 21. Monday, 02 November 2020 21 Write a paragraph on “How to Plant a Tree” Use the Linking words
- 22. Monday, 02 November 2020 22 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. However, older people, and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to develop serious illness. The best way to prevent and slow down transmission is to follow some health rules. First of all be well informed about the COVID-19 virus, the disease it causes and how it spreads. Then Protect yourself and others from infection by washing your hands or using an alcohol based rub frequently and not touching your face. The COVID-19 virus spreads primarily through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose when an infected person coughs or sneezes. so it’s important that you also practice respiratory etiquette (for example, by coughing into a flexed elbow). At this time, there are no specific vaccines or treatments for COVID-19. However, there are many ongoing clinical trials evaluating potential treatments. Activity 5:
- 23. Monday, 02 November 2020 23