Local variables Instance variables Class/static variables
Download as PPTX, PDF0 likes955 views
Local variables are declared within methods, constructors, or blocks and only visible within those scopes. They are stored on the stack and have no default value. Instance variables are declared within a class but outside of methods and hold object state visible throughout the class. They are stored on the heap and have default values of null, 0, or false. Class/static variables are associated with the class, not object instances, and can be accessed before object creation. The presentation discusses the different types of variables in Java including local, instance, and class variables as well as their scopes, memory locations, default values, and examples.
1 of 10
Downloaded 16 times
Ad
Recommended
Java threads
Java threadsPrabhakaran V M A thread is an independent path of execution within a Java program. The Thread class in Java is used to create threads and control their behavior and execution. There are two main ways to create threads - by extending the Thread class or implementing the Runnable interface. The run() method contains the code for the thread's task and threads can be started using the start() method. Threads have different states like New, Runnable, Running, Waiting etc during their lifecycle.
Java data types, variables and jvm 
Java data types, variables and jvm Madishetty Prathibha This document discusses Java data types and variables. It defines variables as containers that hold data values and notes there are three types: local, instance, and static. Local variables are declared within methods while instance variables are declared in a class but outside methods. Static variables can be accessed by the class name. The document also outlines Java's primitive data types like int and double, and non-primitive types like Strings and Arrays. It explains type casting between primitive types and differences between primitive and non-primitive data types.
java interface and packages
java interface and packagesVINOTH R An interface in Java is a blueprint of a class that defines static constants and abstract methods. Interfaces are implemented by classes where they inherit the properties and must define the body of the abstract methods. Key points are:
- Interfaces can only contain abstract methods and static constants, not method bodies.
- Classes implement interfaces to inherit the properties and must define the abstract method bodies.
- An interface can extend other interfaces and a class can implement multiple interfaces.
Java IO
Java IOUTSAB NEUPANE This document provides an overview of Java I/O including different types of I/O, how Java supports I/O through streams and classes like File, serialization, compression, Console, and Properties. It discusses byte and character streams, buffered streams, reading/writing files, and preferences. Key points are that Java I/O uses streams as an abstraction, byte streams operate on bytes while character streams use characters, and buffered streams improve efficiency by buffering reads/writes.
Inheritance in JAVA PPT
Inheritance in JAVA PPTPooja Jaiswal This document discusses inheritance in object-oriented programming. It defines inheritance as establishing a link between classes that allows sharing and accessing properties. There are three types of inheritance: single, multilevel, and hierarchical. Single inheritance involves one parent and one child class, multilevel inheritance adds intermediate classes, and hierarchical inheritance has one parent and multiple child classes. The document provides examples of inheritance code in Java and demonstrates a program using inheritance with interfaces. It notes some limitations of inheritance in Java.
Access modifier and inheritance
Access modifier and inheritanceDikshyanta Dhungana Access modifiers in Java control the accessibility and inheritance of classes, methods, and fields. There are three main access modifiers: private, protected, and public. Private members can only be accessed within their own class, protected within the package and subclasses, and public anywhere. Access modifiers also impact inheritance, with private members not being inherited by subclasses while protected and public can be.
C# Access modifiers
C# Access modifiersPrem Kumar Badri What Are Access Modifiers ?
Access modifiers are keywords used to specify the declared accessibility of a member or a type.
Access modifiers support the concept of encapsulation, which promotes the idea of hiding functionality.
Access modifiers allow you to define who does or doesn't have access to certain features.
Types Of Access Modifiers:
public
protected
internal
private
ITFT- C,c++,java and world wide web
ITFT- C,c++,java and world wide webAtul Sehdev C, C++ and Java
•How Java is differ from C programming
•How Java is differ from C++ programming
•Java and Internet
•Java and World Wide Web
•Supported system, Hardware and Software Requirements
•Java Environment
Method Overloading In Java
Method Overloading In JavaCharthaGaglani Method overloading in Java allows methods within a class to have the same name but different parameters. It increases readability and allows methods to perform similar tasks with different input parameters. Method overloading is determined by Java by first matching the method name and then the number and type of parameters. It can be done based on the number of parameters, data type of parameters, or sequence of data types in parameters. The main advantage is that it performs tasks efficiently with variations in argument types or numbers under the same method name. A disadvantage is that it can be difficult for beginners and requires more design effort in the parameter architecture.
3 java - variable type
3 java - variable typevinay arora There are three types of variables in Java: local variables, instance variables, and class/static variables. Local variables are declared within methods, constructors, or blocks and exist only within their scope. Instance variables are declared within a class but outside of methods and constructors, and each object instance has its own copy. Class/static variables are declared with the static keyword, and there is only one copy per class regardless of instances. Each variable type has different scopes, lifetimes, and ways of accessing them.
Data Types & Variables in JAVA
Data Types & Variables in JAVAAnkita Totala This document discusses data types and variables in Java. It explains that there are two types of data types in Java - primitive and non-primitive. Primitive types include numeric types like int and float, and non-primitive types include classes, strings, and arrays. It also describes different types of variables in Java - local, instance, and static variables. The document provides examples of declaring variables and assigning literals. It further explains concepts like casting, immutable strings, StringBuffer/StringBuilder classes, and arrays.
Java Data Types
Java Data TypesSpotle.ai Get an overview of Java variables, data types, primitive and non primitive types with lucid explanation and illustrative examples
Java - Exception Handling Concepts
Java - Exception Handling ConceptsVicter Paul The document discusses exception handling in Java. It explains that exceptions represent runtime errors and can be handled using try, catch, and finally blocks. The key exception types are Exception, RuntimeException, and Error. Exception is the superclass of all exceptions and must be caught, while RuntimeException represents programming errors that do not require catching. Error represents very severe errors outside the program's control. The document provides examples of how to throw, catch, and handle different exception types in Java code.
Java tutorial PPT
Java tutorial PPTIntelligo Technologies This document provides an overview of the Java programming language including how it works, its features, syntax, and input/output capabilities. Java allows software to run on any device by compiling code to bytecode that runs on a virtual machine instead of a particular computer architecture. It is an object-oriented language with features like automatic memory management, cross-platform capabilities, and a robust class library.
Classes, objects in JAVA
Classes, objects in JAVAAbhilash Nair This document discusses classes, objects, and methods in Java. It defines a class as a user-defined data type that contains fields and methods. Objects are instances of classes that allocate memory at runtime. Methods define behaviors for objects and are declared within classes. The document covers defining classes, creating objects, accessing members, constructors, method overloading and overriding, static members, passing objects as parameters, recursion, and visibility control.
Java tokens
Java tokensshalinikarunakaran1 Tokens are the smallest individual units in a Java program. There are five types of tokens: keywords, identifiers, literals, operators, and separators. Keywords are reserved words that are essential for the Java language syntax. Identifiers are names given to classes, methods, variables and other program elements and have specific naming rules. Literals represent constant values like integers, floats, characters and strings. Operators perform operations on operands. Separators delineate different parts of code like parentheses, braces, brackets and semicolons.
Java Presentation
Java Presentationpm2214 The document provides an overview of Java applets, including:
1. An applet is a Java program that can be embedded in an HTML page and runs in web browsers.
2. Advantages of applets include being cross-platform, supported by most browsers, and cached for faster loading.
3. Disadvantages include requiring the Java plugin and JVM, and being slower to load than HTML.
20 most important java programming interview questions
20 most important java programming interview questionsGradeup The document discusses 20 important Java programming interview questions. It covers topics such as the differences between interfaces and abstract classes, when to use abstract classes versus interfaces, what the Serializable interface does, how to force garbage collection, the differences between StringBuffer and StringBuilder, checked and unchecked exceptions, how Java allocates stack and heap memory, Java reflection, the Java Virtual Machine, the differences between JDK and JRE, and more.
Introduction to java
Introduction to javaAjay Sharma This document provides an overview of key concepts in the Java programming language including classes, objects, inheritance, interfaces, packages, exceptions, threads, and more. It discusses how to build standalone Java programs and applets, and covers basic syntax and structures like primitive data types, expressions, control statements, and comments. Methods, constructors, and access modifiers are also explained at a high level.
Java Collections API
Java Collections APIAlex Miller This document provides an overview of Java collections APIs, including:
- A history of collections interfaces added in different JDK versions from 1.0 to 1.7.
- Descriptions of common collection interfaces like List, Set, Map and their implementations.
- Comparisons of performance and characteristics of different collection implementations.
- Explanations of common collection algorithms and concurrency utilities.
- References for further reading on collections and concurrency.
OCA Java SE 8 Exam Chapter 2 Operators & Statements
OCA Java SE 8 Exam Chapter 2 Operators & Statementsİbrahim Kürce Operators in Java include unary, binary, and ternary operators that perform operations on operands. Binary operators like arithmetic, relational, and logical operators follow an order of precedence unless overridden by parentheses. Statements in Java include if-then, if-then-else, switch, while, do-while, for, and more to control program flow. The if-then statement and if-then-else statement evaluate conditions and execute code blocks conditionally. The switch statement compares a value to multiple case labels and executes the corresponding code block.
Abstraction in java.pptx
Abstraction in java.pptxAsifMulani17 Abstraction in Java allows hiding implementation details and exposing only essential properties and behaviors to users. This is achieved through abstract classes and interfaces. Abstract classes can contain both abstract and concrete methods, while interfaces contain only abstract methods. Any subclass of an abstract class must implement all abstract methods to be instantiable, or itself be declared abstract. Abstract classes allow partial implementation to be inherited and completed in subclasses.
Main method in java
Main method in javaHitesh Kumar main() method is starting execution block of a java program.
If any java class contain main() method known as main class.
http://www.tutorial4us.com/java/java-main-method
Java packages
Java packagesRaja Sekhar Gives You the brief idea about packages in JAVA
By N.V.Raja Sekhar Reddy
www.technolamp.co.in
Want more interesting...
Watch and Like us @ https://www.facebook.com/Technolamp.co.in
subscribe videos @ http://www.youtube.com/user/nvrajasekhar
Virtual function in C++ Pure Virtual Function 
Virtual function in C++ Pure Virtual Function Kamlesh Makvana Virtual function in C++ Pure Virtual Function in C++, abstract class in C++, Various operators in C++
Introduction to c++ ppt
Introduction to c++ pptProf. Dr. K. Adisesha The document provides an introduction to C++ programming. It outlines key learning outcomes which include data types, input/output operators, control statements, arrays, functions, structures, and object-oriented programming concepts. It then discusses some of these concepts in more detail, including an overview of C++, its characteristics as both a high-level and low-level language, object-oriented programming principles, and basic data types.
Java interfaces
Java interfacesElizabeth alexander Interfaces provide a common behavior that can be shared among multiple classes through implementation. An interface is a collection of abstract methods that are implemented by classes. Interfaces can contain constants, default methods, static methods, and nested types, but only default and static methods have method bodies. A class implements an interface to inherit its abstract methods. Unlike classes, interfaces cannot be instantiated, do not have constructors, and all methods are implicitly abstract and public.
History Of JAVA
History Of JAVAARSLANAHMED107 Java was developed in 1991 by James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, and Patrick Naughton at Sun Microsystems. It was originally called "Oak" but was renamed to Java in 1995. Java was created to be platform independent, allowing programs written in Java to run on any device without modification, unlike other languages at the time. This platform independence is known as "write once, run anywhere." Java was later acquired by Oracle Corporation in 2010 and continues to be updated with new versions, the most recent being Java SE9 released in September 2017.
Class Members Access/Visibility Guide (Checklist)
Class Members Access/Visibility Guide (Checklist)Jayasree Perilakkalam This document provides a guide to class member and local variable declarations in Java, including access modifiers like public, private, protected, and default, as well as other declarations like static, final, transient, synchronized, abstract, and volatile. It explains how and when to use each declaration type for class members versus local variables, and how anonymous objects and lambda expressions can access variables. The goal is to help programmers create scalable and loosely coupled Java programs by properly identifying declaration types. Suggestions and feedback are welcome in the comments.
Ad
More Related Content
What's hot (20)
Method Overloading In Java
Method Overloading In JavaCharthaGaglani Method overloading in Java allows methods within a class to have the same name but different parameters. It increases readability and allows methods to perform similar tasks with different input parameters. Method overloading is determined by Java by first matching the method name and then the number and type of parameters. It can be done based on the number of parameters, data type of parameters, or sequence of data types in parameters. The main advantage is that it performs tasks efficiently with variations in argument types or numbers under the same method name. A disadvantage is that it can be difficult for beginners and requires more design effort in the parameter architecture.
3 java - variable type
3 java - variable typevinay arora There are three types of variables in Java: local variables, instance variables, and class/static variables. Local variables are declared within methods, constructors, or blocks and exist only within their scope. Instance variables are declared within a class but outside of methods and constructors, and each object instance has its own copy. Class/static variables are declared with the static keyword, and there is only one copy per class regardless of instances. Each variable type has different scopes, lifetimes, and ways of accessing them.
Data Types & Variables in JAVA
Data Types & Variables in JAVAAnkita Totala This document discusses data types and variables in Java. It explains that there are two types of data types in Java - primitive and non-primitive. Primitive types include numeric types like int and float, and non-primitive types include classes, strings, and arrays. It also describes different types of variables in Java - local, instance, and static variables. The document provides examples of declaring variables and assigning literals. It further explains concepts like casting, immutable strings, StringBuffer/StringBuilder classes, and arrays.
Java Data Types
Java Data TypesSpotle.ai Get an overview of Java variables, data types, primitive and non primitive types with lucid explanation and illustrative examples
Java - Exception Handling Concepts
Java - Exception Handling ConceptsVicter Paul The document discusses exception handling in Java. It explains that exceptions represent runtime errors and can be handled using try, catch, and finally blocks. The key exception types are Exception, RuntimeException, and Error. Exception is the superclass of all exceptions and must be caught, while RuntimeException represents programming errors that do not require catching. Error represents very severe errors outside the program's control. The document provides examples of how to throw, catch, and handle different exception types in Java code.
Java tutorial PPT
Java tutorial PPTIntelligo Technologies This document provides an overview of the Java programming language including how it works, its features, syntax, and input/output capabilities. Java allows software to run on any device by compiling code to bytecode that runs on a virtual machine instead of a particular computer architecture. It is an object-oriented language with features like automatic memory management, cross-platform capabilities, and a robust class library.
Classes, objects in JAVA
Classes, objects in JAVAAbhilash Nair This document discusses classes, objects, and methods in Java. It defines a class as a user-defined data type that contains fields and methods. Objects are instances of classes that allocate memory at runtime. Methods define behaviors for objects and are declared within classes. The document covers defining classes, creating objects, accessing members, constructors, method overloading and overriding, static members, passing objects as parameters, recursion, and visibility control.
Java tokens
Java tokensshalinikarunakaran1 Tokens are the smallest individual units in a Java program. There are five types of tokens: keywords, identifiers, literals, operators, and separators. Keywords are reserved words that are essential for the Java language syntax. Identifiers are names given to classes, methods, variables and other program elements and have specific naming rules. Literals represent constant values like integers, floats, characters and strings. Operators perform operations on operands. Separators delineate different parts of code like parentheses, braces, brackets and semicolons.
Java Presentation
Java Presentationpm2214 The document provides an overview of Java applets, including:
1. An applet is a Java program that can be embedded in an HTML page and runs in web browsers.
2. Advantages of applets include being cross-platform, supported by most browsers, and cached for faster loading.
3. Disadvantages include requiring the Java plugin and JVM, and being slower to load than HTML.
20 most important java programming interview questions
20 most important java programming interview questionsGradeup The document discusses 20 important Java programming interview questions. It covers topics such as the differences between interfaces and abstract classes, when to use abstract classes versus interfaces, what the Serializable interface does, how to force garbage collection, the differences between StringBuffer and StringBuilder, checked and unchecked exceptions, how Java allocates stack and heap memory, Java reflection, the Java Virtual Machine, the differences between JDK and JRE, and more.
Introduction to java
Introduction to javaAjay Sharma This document provides an overview of key concepts in the Java programming language including classes, objects, inheritance, interfaces, packages, exceptions, threads, and more. It discusses how to build standalone Java programs and applets, and covers basic syntax and structures like primitive data types, expressions, control statements, and comments. Methods, constructors, and access modifiers are also explained at a high level.
Java Collections API
Java Collections APIAlex Miller This document provides an overview of Java collections APIs, including:
- A history of collections interfaces added in different JDK versions from 1.0 to 1.7.
- Descriptions of common collection interfaces like List, Set, Map and their implementations.
- Comparisons of performance and characteristics of different collection implementations.
- Explanations of common collection algorithms and concurrency utilities.
- References for further reading on collections and concurrency.
OCA Java SE 8 Exam Chapter 2 Operators & Statements
OCA Java SE 8 Exam Chapter 2 Operators & Statementsİbrahim Kürce Operators in Java include unary, binary, and ternary operators that perform operations on operands. Binary operators like arithmetic, relational, and logical operators follow an order of precedence unless overridden by parentheses. Statements in Java include if-then, if-then-else, switch, while, do-while, for, and more to control program flow. The if-then statement and if-then-else statement evaluate conditions and execute code blocks conditionally. The switch statement compares a value to multiple case labels and executes the corresponding code block.
Abstraction in java.pptx
Abstraction in java.pptxAsifMulani17 Abstraction in Java allows hiding implementation details and exposing only essential properties and behaviors to users. This is achieved through abstract classes and interfaces. Abstract classes can contain both abstract and concrete methods, while interfaces contain only abstract methods. Any subclass of an abstract class must implement all abstract methods to be instantiable, or itself be declared abstract. Abstract classes allow partial implementation to be inherited and completed in subclasses.
Main method in java
Main method in javaHitesh Kumar main() method is starting execution block of a java program.
If any java class contain main() method known as main class.
http://www.tutorial4us.com/java/java-main-method
Java packages
Java packagesRaja Sekhar Gives You the brief idea about packages in JAVA
By N.V.Raja Sekhar Reddy
www.technolamp.co.in
Want more interesting...
Watch and Like us @ https://www.facebook.com/Technolamp.co.in
subscribe videos @ http://www.youtube.com/user/nvrajasekhar
Virtual function in C++ Pure Virtual Function
Virtual function in C++ Pure Virtual Function Kamlesh Makvana Virtual function in C++ Pure Virtual Function in C++, abstract class in C++, Various operators in C++
Introduction to c++ ppt
Introduction to c++ pptProf. Dr. K. Adisesha The document provides an introduction to C++ programming. It outlines key learning outcomes which include data types, input/output operators, control statements, arrays, functions, structures, and object-oriented programming concepts. It then discusses some of these concepts in more detail, including an overview of C++, its characteristics as both a high-level and low-level language, object-oriented programming principles, and basic data types.
Java interfaces
Java interfacesElizabeth alexander Interfaces provide a common behavior that can be shared among multiple classes through implementation. An interface is a collection of abstract methods that are implemented by classes. Interfaces can contain constants, default methods, static methods, and nested types, but only default and static methods have method bodies. A class implements an interface to inherit its abstract methods. Unlike classes, interfaces cannot be instantiated, do not have constructors, and all methods are implicitly abstract and public.
History Of JAVA
History Of JAVAARSLANAHMED107 Java was developed in 1991 by James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, and Patrick Naughton at Sun Microsystems. It was originally called "Oak" but was renamed to Java in 1995. Java was created to be platform independent, allowing programs written in Java to run on any device without modification, unlike other languages at the time. This platform independence is known as "write once, run anywhere." Java was later acquired by Oracle Corporation in 2010 and continues to be updated with new versions, the most recent being Java SE9 released in September 2017.
Similar to Local variables Instance variables Class/static variables (20)
Class Members Access/Visibility Guide (Checklist)
Class Members Access/Visibility Guide (Checklist)Jayasree Perilakkalam This document provides a guide to class member and local variable declarations in Java, including access modifiers like public, private, protected, and default, as well as other declarations like static, final, transient, synchronized, abstract, and volatile. It explains how and when to use each declaration type for class members versus local variables, and how anonymous objects and lambda expressions can access variables. The goal is to help programmers create scalable and loosely coupled Java programs by properly identifying declaration types. Suggestions and feedback are welcome in the comments.
Variables in java.pptx
Variables in java.pptxgomathikalai The document discusses different types of variables and data types in Java. There are three types of variables: local variables which are declared inside methods, instance variables which are declared in classes but outside methods, and static variables which are declared with the static keyword. There are two data types: primitive types and non-primitive types. The document also discusses constants, enums, and the scope and lifetime of variables.
PPT Lecture-1.4.pptx
PPT Lecture-1.4.pptxHimanshuPandey957216 This document provides an overview of Java fundamentals including classes, objects, encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, polymorphism and other core OOP concepts. Key points covered include:
- Classes contain variable declarations and method definitions while objects have state, behavior and identity.
- Encapsulation is achieved by declaring class variables as private and providing public get and set methods.
- Abstraction hides certain details and shows only essential information to the user using abstract classes and interfaces.
- Inheritance allows classes to extend functionality from other classes in a hierarchical manner to achieve code reuse.
- Polymorphism allows a single action to be performed in different ways depending on the object used.
Enumerations in java.pptx
Enumerations in java.pptxSrizan Pokrel Enumerations, autoboxing, and annotations are discussed in the document. Enums allow defining a group of named constants and are commonly used to represent sets of values like months or types of beers. Autoboxing automatically converts between primitive types and their wrapper classes, making it easier to use primitives in object-oriented code. Annotations provide metadata about programs and can be used to annotate methods, classes, and other code elements. Retention policies determine when annotations are available during compilation and runtime.
OCP Java (OCPJP) 8 Exam Quick Reference Card
OCP Java (OCPJP) 8 Exam Quick Reference CardHari kiran G If you are preparing to appear for Oracle Certified Professional Java SE 8 Programmer (OCPJP 8) certification exam, this a reference card (sort of long cheat sheet) meant to help you. You may want to print this reference card for your easy and quick reference when you prepare for your exam.
Javasession8
Javasession8Rajeev Kumar The document discusses different types of inner classes in Java including regular inner classes, method-local inner classes, anonymous inner classes, and static nested classes. Regular inner classes have access to outer class members and require an outer class instance. Method-local inner classes can only be instantiated within their defining method. Anonymous inner classes do not have a name and are instantiated at creation. Static nested classes are not inner classes and do not have implicit access to outer class members.
Java Access Specifier
Java Access SpecifierDeeptiJava This document provides an overview of access specifiers and modifiers in Java/J2EE programming. It discusses class modifiers like public, abstract, and final. It covers access modifiers for class members like private, protected, and public. Non-access modifiers for members such as synchronized, transient, and abstract are also explained. The document reviews modifiers for inner classes and provides examples of class, interface, and method declarations. It describes implementing interfaces and the main method. Key points about determining access to class members and additional programming concepts are also summarized.
C# structure
C# structureElangovanTechNotesET Structures in C# | C# Tutorial for Beginners | C# struct Examples | Working with C# Structures
In this c# tutorial, you can learn how to work with structures using dot net environment. Also it provides step by step examples for structures example, structures within a class, structures with constructors. This video will be helpful for those who are searching structures in c#.
Computer programming 2 Lesson 6
Computer programming 2 Lesson 6MLG College of Learning, Inc This document discusses Java variables and modifiers. It explains that variables store and label data in memory and must be declared before use. There are three types of variables: local, instance, and class/static. Local variables are declared in methods and destroyed after, instance variables are declared in classes and exist throughout the class, and class variables are static and shared among all instances. The document also covers modifiers like access control modifiers (public, private, etc.) and non-access modifiers (static, final, etc.) and provides examples of how they are used.
class as the basis.pptx
class as the basis.pptxEpsiba1 Class is a blueprint for creating object instances that share common attributes and behaviors. It defines the variables and methods that are common to all objects of that class. When an object is created from a class, it is said to be an instance of that class. Objects contain state in the form of attributes and behavior in the form of methods. Classes in Java can define access levels for variables and methods as public, private, protected, or without a specified level (default).
CONSTRUCTORS.pptx
CONSTRUCTORS.pptxSaraswathiVelmurugan1 The document discusses constructors in Java. The key points are:
- Constructors are called when an object is created to initialize the object. They are similar to methods but do not have a return type.
- There are two types of constructors: default/no-arg constructors which take no parameters, and parameterized constructors which take parameters.
- Constructors can be overloaded like methods by having different parameter lists. They are used to provide different initial values to objects.
- The static keyword in Java is used for memory management with variables, methods, blocks, and nested classes. Static variables and methods belong to the class rather than instances.
How totestinternalprotectmethodsinc#
How totestinternalprotectmethodsinc#LearningTech The document discusses how to test internal and protected methods in C#. It describes using the InternalsVisibleToAttribute to test internal methods by making them visible to test assemblies. It recommends testing protected methods by inheriting from the test class and overriding the method as public, or by using protected internal and InternalsVisibleToAttribute to avoid compiler warnings.
OOPJ_PPT1, Inheritance, Encapsulation Polymorphism Static Variables.pptx
OOPJ_PPT1, Inheritance, Encapsulation Polymorphism Static Variables.pptxSrinivasGopalan2 Inheritance
Encapsulation
Polymorphism
Static Variables
Complete PPT about the Java lokesh kept it
Complete PPT about the Java lokesh kept itlokeshpappaka10 The document provides an introduction to programming with core Java. It discusses Java terminology like the Java Virtual Machine, Java Development Kit, and Java Runtime Environment. It also covers Java variables and data types, operators, strings, arrays, classes and objects, constructors, polymorphism, keywords like static, this, abstract, super, and final. It lists features of Java 8 and some common applications developed using Java like Spotify, Twitter, and Signal. The conclusion reflects on the learning experience of working with core Java concepts.
Ad
Recently uploaded (20)
some basics electrical and electronics knowledge
some basics electrical and electronics knowledgenguyentrungdo88 This chapter discribe about common electrical divices such as passive component, the internaltional system unit and international system prefixes.
Compiler Design_Lexical Analysis phase.pptx
Compiler Design_Lexical Analysis phase.pptxRushaliDeshmukh2 The role of the lexical analyzer
Specification of tokens
Finite state machines
From a regular expressions to an NFA
Convert NFA to DFA
Transforming grammars and regular expressions
Transforming automata to grammars
Language for specifying lexical analyzers
Avnet Silica's PCIM 2025 Highlights Flyer
Avnet Silica's PCIM 2025 Highlights FlyerWillDavies22 See what you can expect to find on Avnet Silica's stand at PCIM 2025.
Process Parameter Optimization for Minimizing Springback in Cold Drawing Proc...
Process Parameter Optimization for Minimizing Springback in Cold Drawing Proc...Journal of Soft Computing in Civil Engineering In tube drawing process, a tube is pulled out through a die and a plug to reduce its diameter and thickness as per the requirement. Dimensional accuracy of cold drawn tubes plays a vital role in the further quality of end products and controlling rejection in manufacturing processes of these end products. Springback phenomenon is the elastic strain recovery after removal of forming loads, causes geometrical inaccuracies in drawn tubes. Further, this leads to difficulty in achieving close dimensional tolerances. In the present work springback of EN 8 D tube material is studied for various cold drawing parameters. The process parameters in this work include die semi-angle, land width and drawing speed. The experimentation is done using Taguchi’s L36 orthogonal array, and then optimization is done in data analysis software Minitab 17. The results of ANOVA shows that 15 degrees die semi-angle,5 mm land width and 6 m/min drawing speed yields least springback. Furthermore, optimization algorithms named Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Simulated Annealing (SA) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) are applied which shows that 15 degrees die semi-angle, 10 mm land width and 8 m/min drawing speed results in minimal springback with almost 10.5 % improvement. Finally, the results of experimentation are validated with Finite Element Analysis technique using ANSYS.
fluke dealers in bangalore..............
fluke dealers in bangalore..............Haresh Vaswani The Fluke 925 is a vane anemometer, a handheld device designed to measure wind speed, air flow (volume), and temperature. It features a separate sensor and display unit, allowing greater flexibility and ease of use in tight or hard-to-reach spaces. The Fluke 925 is particularly suitable for HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) maintenance in both residential and commercial buildings, offering a durable and cost-effective solution for routine airflow diagnostics.
Value Stream Mapping Worskshops for Intelligent Continuous Security
Value Stream Mapping Worskshops for Intelligent Continuous SecurityMarc Hornbeek This presentation provides detailed guidance and tools for conducting Current State and Future State Value Stream Mapping workshops for Intelligent Continuous Security.
Data Structures_Introduction to algorithms.pptx
Data Structures_Introduction to algorithms.pptxRushaliDeshmukh2 Concept of Problem Solving, Introduction to Algorithms, Characteristics of Algorithms, Introduction to Data Structure, Data Structure Classification (Linear and Non-linear, Static and Dynamic, Persistent and Ephemeral data structures), Time complexity and Space complexity, Asymptotic Notation - The Big-O, Omega and Theta notation, Algorithmic upper bounds, lower bounds, Best, Worst and Average case analysis of an Algorithm, Abstract Data Types (ADT)
ADVXAI IN MALWARE ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK: BALANCING EXPLAINABILITY WITH SECURITY
ADVXAI IN MALWARE ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK: BALANCING EXPLAINABILITY WITH SECURITYijscai With the increased use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in malware analysis there is also an increased need to
understand the decisions models make when identifying malicious artifacts. Explainable AI (XAI) becomes
the answer to interpreting the decision-making process that AI malware analysis models use to determine
malicious benign samples to gain trust that in a production environment, the system is able to catch
malware. With any cyber innovation brings a new set of challenges and literature soon came out about XAI
as a new attack vector. Adversarial XAI (AdvXAI) is a relatively new concept but with AI applications in
many sectors, it is crucial to quickly respond to the attack surface that it creates. This paper seeks to
conceptualize a theoretical framework focused on addressing AdvXAI in malware analysis in an effort to
balance explainability with security. Following this framework, designing a machine with an AI malware
detection and analysis model will ensure that it can effectively analyze malware, explain how it came to its
decision, and be built securely to avoid adversarial attacks and manipulations. The framework focuses on
choosing malware datasets to train the model, choosing the AI model, choosing an XAI technique,
implementing AdvXAI defensive measures, and continually evaluating the model. This framework will
significantly contribute to automated malware detection and XAI efforts allowing for secure systems that
are resilient to adversarial attacks.
RICS Membership-(The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors).pdf
RICS Membership-(The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors).pdfMohamedAbdelkader115 Glad to be one of only 14 members inside Kuwait to hold this credential.
Please check the members inside kuwait from this link:
https://www.rics.org/networking/find-a-member.html?firstname=&lastname=&town=&country=Kuwait&member_grade=(AssocRICS)&expert_witness=&accrediation=&page=1
Level 1-Safety.pptx Presentation of Electrical Safety
Level 1-Safety.pptx Presentation of Electrical SafetyJoseAlbertoCariasDel Level 1-Safety.pptx Presentation of Electrical Safety
The Gaussian Process Modeling Module in UQLab
The Gaussian Process Modeling Module in UQLabJournal of Soft Computing in Civil Engineering We introduce the Gaussian process (GP) modeling module developed within the UQLab software framework. The novel design of the GP-module aims at providing seamless integration of GP modeling into any uncertainty quantification workflow, as well as a standalone surrogate modeling tool. We first briefly present the key mathematical tools on the basis of GP modeling (a.k.a. Kriging), as well as the associated theoretical and computational framework. We then provide an extensive overview of the available features of the software and demonstrate its flexibility and user-friendliness. Finally, we showcase the usage and the performance of the software on several applications borrowed from different fields of engineering. These include a basic surrogate of a well-known analytical benchmark function; a hierarchical Kriging example applied to wind turbine aero-servo-elastic simulations and a more complex geotechnical example that requires a non-stationary, user-defined correlation function. The GP-module, like the rest of the scientific code that is shipped with UQLab, is open source (BSD license).
International Journal of Distributed and Parallel systems (IJDPS)
International Journal of Distributed and Parallel systems (IJDPS)samueljackson3773 The growth of Internet and other web technologies requires the development of new
algorithms and architectures for parallel and distributed computing. International journal of
Distributed and parallel systems is a bimonthly open access peer-reviewed journal aims to
publish high quality scientific papers arising from original research and development from
the international community in the areas of parallel and distributed systems. IJDPS serves
as a platform for engineers and researchers to present new ideas and system technology,
with an interactive and friendly, but strongly professional atmosphere.
Introduction to FLUID MECHANICS & KINEMATICS
Introduction to FLUID MECHANICS & KINEMATICSnarayanaswamygdas Fluid mechanics is the branch of physics concerned with the mechanics of fluids (liquids, gases, and plasmas) and the forces on them. Originally applied to water (hydromechanics), it found applications in a wide range of disciplines, including mechanical, aerospace, civil, chemical, and biomedical engineering, as well as geophysics, oceanography, meteorology, astrophysics, and biology.
It can be divided into fluid statics, the study of various fluids at rest, and fluid dynamics.
Fluid statics, also known as hydrostatics, is the study of fluids at rest, specifically when there's no relative motion between fluid particles. It focuses on the conditions under which fluids are in stable equilibrium and doesn't involve fluid motion.
Fluid kinematics is the branch of fluid mechanics that focuses on describing and analyzing the motion of fluids, such as liquids and gases, without considering the forces that cause the motion. It deals with the geometrical and temporal aspects of fluid flow, including velocity and acceleration. Fluid dynamics, on the other hand, considers the forces acting on the fluid.
Fluid dynamics is the study of the effect of forces on fluid motion. It is a branch of continuum mechanics, a subject which models matter without using the information that it is made out of atoms; that is, it models matter from a macroscopic viewpoint rather than from microscopic.
Fluid mechanics, especially fluid dynamics, is an active field of research, typically mathematically complex. Many problems are partly or wholly unsolved and are best addressed by numerical methods, typically using computers. A modern discipline, called computational fluid dynamics (CFD), is devoted to this approach. Particle image velocimetry, an experimental method for visualizing and analyzing fluid flow, also takes advantage of the highly visual nature of fluid flow.
Fundamentally, every fluid mechanical system is assumed to obey the basic laws :
Conservation of mass
Conservation of energy
Conservation of momentum
The continuum assumption
For example, the assumption that mass is conserved means that for any fixed control volume (for example, a spherical volume)—enclosed by a control surface—the rate of change of the mass contained in that volume is equal to the rate at which mass is passing through the surface from outside to inside, minus the rate at which mass is passing from inside to outside. This can be expressed as an equation in integral form over the control volume.
The continuum assumption is an idealization of continuum mechanics under which fluids can be treated as continuous, even though, on a microscopic scale, they are composed of molecules. Under the continuum assumption, macroscopic (observed/measurable) properties such as density, pressure, temperature, and bulk velocity are taken to be well-defined at "infinitesimal" volume elements—small in comparison to the characteristic length scale of the system, but large in comparison to molecular length scale
Process Parameter Optimization for Minimizing Springback in Cold Drawing Proc...
Process Parameter Optimization for Minimizing Springback in Cold Drawing Proc...Journal of Soft Computing in Civil Engineering
Ad
Local variables Instance variables Class/static variables
- 1. TODAY MY PRESENTATION TOPIC IS TYPES OF VARIABLES
- 2. Variable • A variable provides us wit h named st orage t hat our programs can manipulate.
- 3. There are three kinds of variables in java • Local variables • Instance variables • Class/static variables
- 4. Local variables • Local variables are declared in methods, constructors, or blocks. • Local variables are created when the method, constructor or block is entered and the variable • will be destroyed once it exits the method, constructor or block. • Access modifiers cannot be used for local variables.
- 5. • Local variables are visible only within the declared method, constructor or block. • Local variables are implemented at stack level internally. • There is no default value for local variables so local variables should be declared and an initial • value should be assigned before the first use.
- 6. Example
- 7. Instance variables • Instance variables are declared in a class, but outside a method, constructor or any block. • Instance variables hold values that must be referenced by more than one method, constructor or block, or essential parts of an object's state that must be present throughout the class. • Instance variables can be declared in class level before or after use. • Access modifiers can be given for instance variables.
- 8. • The instance variables are visible for all methods, constructors and block in the class. • Normally, it is recommended to make these variables private accesslevel. However visibility for subclasses can be given for these variables with the use of access modifiers. • Instance variables have default values. For numbers the default value is 0, for Booleans it is false and for object references it is null. Values can be assigned during the declaration or within the constructor.
- 9. Example
- 10. THANK YOU