Locational Analysis of Filling Stations in Portharcourt Local Government Area, River State, Nigeria Using GIS Approach
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The document discusses a study on the locational analysis of petrol filling stations in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, focusing on their safety compliance due to hazards associated with this type of facility. Using GIS methodologies, the research identified several safety violations, including stations located near residential buildings and insufficient fire safety equipment. The authors recommended regular inspections by regulating bodies to enforce safety measures and address identified risks.
![International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS)
Infogain Publication (Infogainpublication.com
www.ijaems.com
Locational Analysis
Portharcourt Local Government Area
State, Nigeria Using G
Ojiako J.C., Ekebuike
Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Nnamdi Azikiwe
Abstract— The rapid growth of urbanization has created
greater demand for vehicles, which results in more fuel
consumption and has given rise to the establishment of
filling stations in other to satisfy those needs. A petrol
filling station is important but meanwhile it is a hazardous
facility, so special attention is paid on its location.
paper is aimed at location analysis of filling stations in Port
Harcourt local government area of rivers state usin
approach through acquisition of primary and secondary
datasets of the study area, creation of a function
database and spatial attribute queries that will aid in the
location analysis of filling stations in compliance with
petroleum safety rules and regulations. The result shows
that About 7 filling stations were located close to
residential buildings, 14 out of 38 filling stations do not
have adequate fire extinguishers, 14 filling stations have its
pumping machine close to the road and 15 f
in electricity high tension right of way. It is recommended
that the regulating bodies should frequently inspect these
filling stations to ensure that all the safety measures are
properly observed and equipments are put in place.
Keywords— Database, Geographic Information System
(GIS), Petrol Stations, Spatial query.
I. INTRODUCTION
Petrol filling stations are no doubt an important facility but
can be harmful and dangerous. The petroleum sector faces
several challenges. Such challenges include: propagation of
substandard petroleum dispensing and storage sites which
pose environmental health and safety risks,
petroleum products destined for export into the local market
by dishonest business people to evade tax and a control of
the market by a few companies among others (ERC, 2013).
Other problems include road accidents, pollution, fire
accidents etc.
In Port Harcourt, Rivers state, Nigeria, road accidents and
traffic congestion have been common because of the long
International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS)
Infogainpublication.com)
Locational Analysis of Filling Stations
ortharcourt Local Government Area
State, Nigeria Using GIS Approach
J.C., Ekebuike A. N., Ndu C. G., Igbokwe, E. C.
Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra state, Nigeria
The rapid growth of urbanization has created
greater demand for vehicles, which results in more fuel
consumption and has given rise to the establishment of
ose needs. A petrol
filling station is important but meanwhile it is a hazardous
facility, so special attention is paid on its location. The
aimed at location analysis of filling stations in Port
Harcourt local government area of rivers state using GIS
approach through acquisition of primary and secondary
datasets of the study area, creation of a functional spatial
attribute queries that will aid in the
location analysis of filling stations in compliance with
ules and regulations. The result shows
located close to
residential buildings, 14 out of 38 filling stations do not
filling stations have its
15 filling station lie
high tension right of way. It is recommended
that the regulating bodies should frequently inspect these
filling stations to ensure that all the safety measures are
nd equipments are put in place.
Database, Geographic Information System
INTRODUCTION
no doubt an important facility but
can be harmful and dangerous. The petroleum sector faces
lude: propagation of
substandard petroleum dispensing and storage sites which
pose environmental health and safety risks, diversion of
petroleum products destined for export into the local market
by dishonest business people to evade tax and a control of
he market by a few companies among others (ERC, 2013).
Other problems include road accidents, pollution, fire
In Port Harcourt, Rivers state, Nigeria, road accidents and
traffic congestion have been common because of the long
queues caused by motorist who wants to purchase products.
These are sometimes as a result of the fact that most of
these filling stations are sited less than 15 meters away from
the roads, starting from their first pumping machine.
II. STUDY AREA
The study area is Port-Harcourt local government area of
Rivers State, Nigeria. It has an area of 360 sqkm (140sqmi),
with a population of 1,382,592 (2006 Census). It is located
between latitude 40
39’
45
56’
15”.
6 and 70
7’
32”
.
III. METHODOLOGY
The methodology used in this
Fig.3: Flowchart of Methodology Adopted
3.1 Data Acquisition
The data used for the research is
classes; primary and secondary data sets.
A. Primary Data Set
The primary data set used for this
following:
[Vol-2, Issue-10, Oct- 2016]
) ISSN : 2454-1311
Page | 1655
f Filling Stations in
ortharcourt Local Government Area, River
Approach
Igbokwe, E. C.
University Awka, Anambra state, Nigeria
y motorist who wants to purchase products.
These are sometimes as a result of the fact that most of
these filling stations are sited less than 15 meters away from
the roads, starting from their first pumping machine.
STUDY AREA
Harcourt local government area of
It has an area of 360 sqkm (140sqmi),
with a population of 1,382,592 (2006 Census). It is located
45”
and 40
50’
00”
and longitude 60
METHODOLOGY
this paper is shown in figure 3
Flowchart of Methodology Adopted
The data used for the research is grouped into two main
classes; primary and secondary data sets.
used for this paper included the](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/1locationalanalysisoffillingstationsinportharco-161009161736/85/Locational-Analysis-of-Filling-Stations-in-Portharcourt-Local-Government-Area-River-State-Nigeria-Using-GIS-Approach-1-320.jpg)
![International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-2, Issue-10, Oct- 2016]
Infogain Publication (Infogainpublication.com) ISSN : 2454-1311
www.ijaems.com Page | 1656
i. GPS recording/co-ordinates: The entire filling stations
in Port Harcourt metropolis were coordinated using
the GPS GARMIN 76CSX.
ii. Attribute data: This includes non spatial descriptive
information of filling stations
B. Secondary Data Set
The secondary data set used for this paper
included the following:
i. Map of Port Harcourt showing road network,
towns was obtained from the Ministry of Lands,
Survey and Urban Planning, Port Harcourt Rivers
State.
ii. Map of Nigeria showing Rivers State
iii. General information about the study was obtained
from journals, network, newspapers, and
publications.
3.2 Database Design
The creation of a structured, digital database is the most
important and complex task upon which the usefulness of
the cadastral information system depends. Database design
is the process of producing a detailed data model of a
database (Hernandez, 2012). The design phase consists of
three levels (Kufoniyi, 1998):
a) Conceptual Design
b) Logical Design
c) Physical design
a. Conceptual Design
Conceptual design is the first step in database design where
the contents of the intended database are identified and
described. It deals with the identification of the basic terrain
objects together with the spatial relationship that exist
among them. It is human-oriented, often partially
structured, model of selected objects and process that are
though relevant to a particular problem domain. Conceptual
design is carried out independent of the software and
hardware that will be used to implement the database.
b. Logical Design
This is another stage of the database design in which all the
real world entities conceptualized were modeled into the
real world using logical design. It is the representation of
the conceptual design to reflect the recording of the data in
the computer system using a relational database
management system (RDBMS) (Effiong and Alagbe, 2012).
In this phase, the entities, their attributes and their
relationships were represented in a single uniform manner
inform of relation in such a way that would be no
information loss and at the same time no unnecessary
duplication of data.
c. Physical Design
This involves the translation of the real world entities into
the computer compactable forms of the chosen structuring
model such as relational, geo-relational, network, and
hierarchical. For this project, relational (table) method was
used due to its easy implementation and management.
All geospatial and non spatial (attribute) data were
structured and actualized to form a database in a format
acceptable by the implementing software and hardware.
Thus, point, line and polygon layers were created for spatial
objects on the digital map. Attribute data needs of the
database were also structured as shown in the following
tables.
3.3 Data Processing
The map of the study area was scanned and then exported to
ArcGIS 10.2 for georeferencing and digitized, so that
spatial analysis can be performed. These data were
processed and queried to provide useful information for
planning and monitoring.
3.3 Data Analysis
GIS packages can perform a variety of analysis which
include classification, spatial search, buffering, overlay
operation, spatial query and display, proximity analysis etc.
for the purpose of this research, spatial queries was
performed to provide information that will aid in the
monitoring of petrol filling stations across Port Harcourt
Rivers State.
IV. RESULTS
The results obtained are discussed in the following
subsections:
4.1 Query to Determine Filling Stations That Is 50m Close
To Residential Area
This query is structured to determine the filling stations that
are 50m close to residential as shown in fig 4.0
Fig.4.0: Query results showing Filling Stations That Is 50m
Close To Residential Area](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/1locationalanalysisoffillingstationsinportharco-161009161736/85/Locational-Analysis-of-Filling-Stations-in-Portharcourt-Local-Government-Area-River-State-Nigeria-Using-GIS-Approach-2-320.jpg)
![International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-2, Issue-10, Oct- 2016]
Infogain Publication (Infogainpublication.com) ISSN : 2454-1311
www.ijaems.com Page | 1656
i. GPS recording/co-ordinates: The entire filling stations
in Port Harcourt metropolis were coordinated using
the GPS GARMIN 76CSX.
ii. Attribute data: This includes non spatial descriptive
information of filling stations
B. Secondary Data Set
The secondary data set used for this paper
included the following:
i. Map of Port Harcourt showing road network,
towns was obtained from the Ministry of Lands,
Survey and Urban Planning, Port Harcourt Rivers
State.
ii. Map of Nigeria showing Rivers State
iii. General information about the study was obtained
from journals, network, newspapers, and
publications.
3.2 Database Design
The creation of a structured, digital database is the most
important and complex task upon which the usefulness of
the cadastral information system depends. Database design
is the process of producing a detailed data model of a
database (Hernandez, 2012). The design phase consists of
three levels (Kufoniyi, 1998):
a) Conceptual Design
b) Logical Design
c) Physical design
a. Conceptual Design
Conceptual design is the first step in database design where
the contents of the intended database are identified and
described. It deals with the identification of the basic terrain
objects together with the spatial relationship that exist
among them. It is human-oriented, often partially
structured, model of selected objects and process that are
though relevant to a particular problem domain. Conceptual
design is carried out independent of the software and
hardware that will be used to implement the database.
b. Logical Design
This is another stage of the database design in which all the
real world entities conceptualized were modeled into the
real world using logical design. It is the representation of
the conceptual design to reflect the recording of the data in
the computer system using a relational database
management system (RDBMS) (Effiong and Alagbe, 2012).
In this phase, the entities, their attributes and their
relationships were represented in a single uniform manner
inform of relation in such a way that would be no
information loss and at the same time no unnecessary
duplication of data.
c. Physical Design
This involves the translation of the real world entities into
the computer compactable forms of the chosen structuring
model such as relational, geo-relational, network, and
hierarchical. For this project, relational (table) method was
used due to its easy implementation and management.
All geospatial and non spatial (attribute) data were
structured and actualized to form a database in a format
acceptable by the implementing software and hardware.
Thus, point, line and polygon layers were created for spatial
objects on the digital map. Attribute data needs of the
database were also structured as shown in the following
tables.
3.3 Data Processing
The map of the study area was scanned and then exported to
ArcGIS 10.2 for georeferencing and digitized, so that
spatial analysis can be performed. These data were
processed and queried to provide useful information for
planning and monitoring.
3.3 Data Analysis
GIS packages can perform a variety of analysis which
include classification, spatial search, buffering, overlay
operation, spatial query and display, proximity analysis etc.
for the purpose of this research, spatial queries was
performed to provide information that will aid in the
monitoring of petrol filling stations across Port Harcourt
Rivers State.
IV. RESULTS
The results obtained are discussed in the following
subsections:
4.1 Query to Determine Filling Stations That Is 50m Close
To Residential Area
This query is structured to determine the filling stations that
are 50m close to residential as shown in fig 4.0
Fig.4.0: Query results showing Filling Stations That Is 50m
Close To Residential Area](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/1locationalanalysisoffillingstationsinportharco-161009161736/85/Locational-Analysis-of-Filling-Stations-in-Portharcourt-Local-Government-Area-River-State-Nigeria-Using-GIS-Approach-3-320.jpg)
![International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-2, Issue-10, Oct- 2016]
Infogain Publication (Infogainpublication.com) ISSN : 2454-1311
www.ijaems.com Page | 1658
VI. RECOMMENDATION
Based on the findings of this research paper, the following
recommendations are highlighted.
1. Filling stations that are close to residential buildings
and public facilities should be closed. This is as a
result of fire explosion which can cause loss of life’s
and properties.
2. Filling stations that do not have fire extinguisher
handy should be closed until adequate fire
extinguishers are bought.
3. The regulating bodies should frequently inspect these
filling stations to ensure that all the safety measures
are properly observed and equipments are put in place.
REFERENCES
[1] Effiong, E. and Alagbe, A. O. (2012): “GIS for
Emergency Response in Oyo Metropolis.” A paper
presented at the 47th AGM/Conference of NIS at
Ilorin, Nigeria. pp 26 and 27.
[2] Energy Regulation Commission (ERC).Retrieved from
http://www.erc.go.ke/index.php?option =com
_content&view=article&id=142&Itemid=647.
(Accessed on July 27, 2016)
[3] Hernandez, M. J. (2012): “Database Design for Mere
Mortals: A Hands- on Guide to Rotational Database
Design.” 3rd
Edition. Pearson Education, Indianapolis,
Indiana. Pp 15, 22 and 31.
[4] Kufoniyi, O. (1998): “Database Design and Creation”,
in Ezeigbo, C. U. (ed), Principle and Applications of
Geographic Information Systems, Department of
Surveying, University of Lagos, pp 62-63.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/1locationalanalysisoffillingstationsinportharco-161009161736/85/Locational-Analysis-of-Filling-Stations-in-Portharcourt-Local-Government-Area-River-State-Nigeria-Using-GIS-Approach-4-320.jpg)
Locational Analysis of Filling Stations in Portharcourt Local Government Area, River State, Nigeria Using GIS Approach
- 1. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) Infogain Publication (Infogainpublication.com www.ijaems.com Locational Analysis Portharcourt Local Government Area State, Nigeria Using G Ojiako J.C., Ekebuike Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Nnamdi Azikiwe Abstract— The rapid growth of urbanization has created greater demand for vehicles, which results in more fuel consumption and has given rise to the establishment of filling stations in other to satisfy those needs. A petrol filling station is important but meanwhile it is a hazardous facility, so special attention is paid on its location. paper is aimed at location analysis of filling stations in Port Harcourt local government area of rivers state usin approach through acquisition of primary and secondary datasets of the study area, creation of a function database and spatial attribute queries that will aid in the location analysis of filling stations in compliance with petroleum safety rules and regulations. The result shows that About 7 filling stations were located close to residential buildings, 14 out of 38 filling stations do not have adequate fire extinguishers, 14 filling stations have its pumping machine close to the road and 15 f in electricity high tension right of way. It is recommended that the regulating bodies should frequently inspect these filling stations to ensure that all the safety measures are properly observed and equipments are put in place. Keywords— Database, Geographic Information System (GIS), Petrol Stations, Spatial query. I. INTRODUCTION Petrol filling stations are no doubt an important facility but can be harmful and dangerous. The petroleum sector faces several challenges. Such challenges include: propagation of substandard petroleum dispensing and storage sites which pose environmental health and safety risks, petroleum products destined for export into the local market by dishonest business people to evade tax and a control of the market by a few companies among others (ERC, 2013). Other problems include road accidents, pollution, fire accidents etc. In Port Harcourt, Rivers state, Nigeria, road accidents and traffic congestion have been common because of the long International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) Infogainpublication.com) Locational Analysis of Filling Stations ortharcourt Local Government Area State, Nigeria Using GIS Approach J.C., Ekebuike A. N., Ndu C. G., Igbokwe, E. C. Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra state, Nigeria The rapid growth of urbanization has created greater demand for vehicles, which results in more fuel consumption and has given rise to the establishment of ose needs. A petrol filling station is important but meanwhile it is a hazardous facility, so special attention is paid on its location. The aimed at location analysis of filling stations in Port Harcourt local government area of rivers state using GIS approach through acquisition of primary and secondary datasets of the study area, creation of a functional spatial attribute queries that will aid in the location analysis of filling stations in compliance with ules and regulations. The result shows located close to residential buildings, 14 out of 38 filling stations do not filling stations have its 15 filling station lie high tension right of way. It is recommended that the regulating bodies should frequently inspect these filling stations to ensure that all the safety measures are nd equipments are put in place. Database, Geographic Information System INTRODUCTION no doubt an important facility but can be harmful and dangerous. The petroleum sector faces lude: propagation of substandard petroleum dispensing and storage sites which pose environmental health and safety risks, diversion of petroleum products destined for export into the local market by dishonest business people to evade tax and a control of he market by a few companies among others (ERC, 2013). Other problems include road accidents, pollution, fire In Port Harcourt, Rivers state, Nigeria, road accidents and traffic congestion have been common because of the long queues caused by motorist who wants to purchase products. These are sometimes as a result of the fact that most of these filling stations are sited less than 15 meters away from the roads, starting from their first pumping machine. II. STUDY AREA The study area is Port-Harcourt local government area of Rivers State, Nigeria. It has an area of 360 sqkm (140sqmi), with a population of 1,382,592 (2006 Census). It is located between latitude 40 39’ 45 56’ 15”. 6 and 70 7’ 32” . III. METHODOLOGY The methodology used in this Fig.3: Flowchart of Methodology Adopted 3.1 Data Acquisition The data used for the research is classes; primary and secondary data sets. A. Primary Data Set The primary data set used for this following: [Vol-2, Issue-10, Oct- 2016] ) ISSN : 2454-1311 Page | 1655 f Filling Stations in ortharcourt Local Government Area, River Approach Igbokwe, E. C. University Awka, Anambra state, Nigeria y motorist who wants to purchase products. These are sometimes as a result of the fact that most of these filling stations are sited less than 15 meters away from the roads, starting from their first pumping machine. STUDY AREA Harcourt local government area of It has an area of 360 sqkm (140sqmi), with a population of 1,382,592 (2006 Census). It is located 45” and 40 50’ 00” and longitude 60 METHODOLOGY this paper is shown in figure 3 Flowchart of Methodology Adopted The data used for the research is grouped into two main classes; primary and secondary data sets. used for this paper included the
- 2. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-2, Issue-10, Oct- 2016] Infogain Publication (Infogainpublication.com) ISSN : 2454-1311 www.ijaems.com Page | 1656 i. GPS recording/co-ordinates: The entire filling stations in Port Harcourt metropolis were coordinated using the GPS GARMIN 76CSX. ii. Attribute data: This includes non spatial descriptive information of filling stations B. Secondary Data Set The secondary data set used for this paper included the following: i. Map of Port Harcourt showing road network, towns was obtained from the Ministry of Lands, Survey and Urban Planning, Port Harcourt Rivers State. ii. Map of Nigeria showing Rivers State iii. General information about the study was obtained from journals, network, newspapers, and publications. 3.2 Database Design The creation of a structured, digital database is the most important and complex task upon which the usefulness of the cadastral information system depends. Database design is the process of producing a detailed data model of a database (Hernandez, 2012). The design phase consists of three levels (Kufoniyi, 1998): a) Conceptual Design b) Logical Design c) Physical design a. Conceptual Design Conceptual design is the first step in database design where the contents of the intended database are identified and described. It deals with the identification of the basic terrain objects together with the spatial relationship that exist among them. It is human-oriented, often partially structured, model of selected objects and process that are though relevant to a particular problem domain. Conceptual design is carried out independent of the software and hardware that will be used to implement the database. b. Logical Design This is another stage of the database design in which all the real world entities conceptualized were modeled into the real world using logical design. It is the representation of the conceptual design to reflect the recording of the data in the computer system using a relational database management system (RDBMS) (Effiong and Alagbe, 2012). In this phase, the entities, their attributes and their relationships were represented in a single uniform manner inform of relation in such a way that would be no information loss and at the same time no unnecessary duplication of data. c. Physical Design This involves the translation of the real world entities into the computer compactable forms of the chosen structuring model such as relational, geo-relational, network, and hierarchical. For this project, relational (table) method was used due to its easy implementation and management. All geospatial and non spatial (attribute) data were structured and actualized to form a database in a format acceptable by the implementing software and hardware. Thus, point, line and polygon layers were created for spatial objects on the digital map. Attribute data needs of the database were also structured as shown in the following tables. 3.3 Data Processing The map of the study area was scanned and then exported to ArcGIS 10.2 for georeferencing and digitized, so that spatial analysis can be performed. These data were processed and queried to provide useful information for planning and monitoring. 3.3 Data Analysis GIS packages can perform a variety of analysis which include classification, spatial search, buffering, overlay operation, spatial query and display, proximity analysis etc. for the purpose of this research, spatial queries was performed to provide information that will aid in the monitoring of petrol filling stations across Port Harcourt Rivers State. IV. RESULTS The results obtained are discussed in the following subsections: 4.1 Query to Determine Filling Stations That Is 50m Close To Residential Area This query is structured to determine the filling stations that are 50m close to residential as shown in fig 4.0 Fig.4.0: Query results showing Filling Stations That Is 50m Close To Residential Area
- 3. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-2, Issue-10, Oct- 2016] Infogain Publication (Infogainpublication.com) ISSN : 2454-1311 www.ijaems.com Page | 1656 i. GPS recording/co-ordinates: The entire filling stations in Port Harcourt metropolis were coordinated using the GPS GARMIN 76CSX. ii. Attribute data: This includes non spatial descriptive information of filling stations B. Secondary Data Set The secondary data set used for this paper included the following: i. Map of Port Harcourt showing road network, towns was obtained from the Ministry of Lands, Survey and Urban Planning, Port Harcourt Rivers State. ii. Map of Nigeria showing Rivers State iii. General information about the study was obtained from journals, network, newspapers, and publications. 3.2 Database Design The creation of a structured, digital database is the most important and complex task upon which the usefulness of the cadastral information system depends. Database design is the process of producing a detailed data model of a database (Hernandez, 2012). The design phase consists of three levels (Kufoniyi, 1998): a) Conceptual Design b) Logical Design c) Physical design a. Conceptual Design Conceptual design is the first step in database design where the contents of the intended database are identified and described. It deals with the identification of the basic terrain objects together with the spatial relationship that exist among them. It is human-oriented, often partially structured, model of selected objects and process that are though relevant to a particular problem domain. Conceptual design is carried out independent of the software and hardware that will be used to implement the database. b. Logical Design This is another stage of the database design in which all the real world entities conceptualized were modeled into the real world using logical design. It is the representation of the conceptual design to reflect the recording of the data in the computer system using a relational database management system (RDBMS) (Effiong and Alagbe, 2012). In this phase, the entities, their attributes and their relationships were represented in a single uniform manner inform of relation in such a way that would be no information loss and at the same time no unnecessary duplication of data. c. Physical Design This involves the translation of the real world entities into the computer compactable forms of the chosen structuring model such as relational, geo-relational, network, and hierarchical. For this project, relational (table) method was used due to its easy implementation and management. All geospatial and non spatial (attribute) data were structured and actualized to form a database in a format acceptable by the implementing software and hardware. Thus, point, line and polygon layers were created for spatial objects on the digital map. Attribute data needs of the database were also structured as shown in the following tables. 3.3 Data Processing The map of the study area was scanned and then exported to ArcGIS 10.2 for georeferencing and digitized, so that spatial analysis can be performed. These data were processed and queried to provide useful information for planning and monitoring. 3.3 Data Analysis GIS packages can perform a variety of analysis which include classification, spatial search, buffering, overlay operation, spatial query and display, proximity analysis etc. for the purpose of this research, spatial queries was performed to provide information that will aid in the monitoring of petrol filling stations across Port Harcourt Rivers State. IV. RESULTS The results obtained are discussed in the following subsections: 4.1 Query to Determine Filling Stations That Is 50m Close To Residential Area This query is structured to determine the filling stations that are 50m close to residential as shown in fig 4.0 Fig.4.0: Query results showing Filling Stations That Is 50m Close To Residential Area
- 4. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-2, Issue-10, Oct- 2016] Infogain Publication (Infogainpublication.com) ISSN : 2454-1311 www.ijaems.com Page | 1658 VI. RECOMMENDATION Based on the findings of this research paper, the following recommendations are highlighted. 1. Filling stations that are close to residential buildings and public facilities should be closed. This is as a result of fire explosion which can cause loss of life’s and properties. 2. Filling stations that do not have fire extinguisher handy should be closed until adequate fire extinguishers are bought. 3. The regulating bodies should frequently inspect these filling stations to ensure that all the safety measures are properly observed and equipments are put in place. REFERENCES [1] Effiong, E. and Alagbe, A. O. (2012): “GIS for Emergency Response in Oyo Metropolis.” A paper presented at the 47th AGM/Conference of NIS at Ilorin, Nigeria. pp 26 and 27. [2] Energy Regulation Commission (ERC).Retrieved from http://www.erc.go.ke/index.php?option =com _content&view=article&id=142&Itemid=647. (Accessed on July 27, 2016) [3] Hernandez, M. J. (2012): “Database Design for Mere Mortals: A Hands- on Guide to Rotational Database Design.” 3rd Edition. Pearson Education, Indianapolis, Indiana. Pp 15, 22 and 31. [4] Kufoniyi, O. (1998): “Database Design and Creation”, in Ezeigbo, C. U. (ed), Principle and Applications of Geographic Information Systems, Department of Surveying, University of Lagos, pp 62-63.