LUBE OIL MANUFACTURING PROCESS
- 1. PRESENTED BY- MOHIT RAM CHEMICAL ENGINEERING ROLL NO. 213
- 2. Lubricating oils are used to reduce friction and wear , remove heat generated by friction and prevents corrosion . Lubricating oils of various grades are manufactured by mixing of selected lubricating oil and additives. Lubricating oil are produced from heavy waxy distillate fractions obtained from vacuum distillation of atmospheric residue. The straight run vacuum distillate fractions require further treatment to bring them to the desired specification of lubricating oil. The treatment involved depends on the properties such as viscosity, conrandson carbon residue(CCR), viscosity index, pour point and colour.
- 3. High Vacuum Distillation Unit : To obtain various disstilate fractions and vacuum residue. Solvent Deasphalting Unit : To remove asphalt from vacuum residue. Solvent Extraction Unit : To remove undesirable napthenic and aromatic hydrocarbons from the distillate fractions so as to improve the viscosity index of lube oil base stocks. Solving Dewaxing Unit : To remove wax content of the soil so as to improve the pour point of the lube oil. Hydrofinishing Unit : To improve colour , oxidation and colour stability of finished lube oil.
- 6. Kalol crude has little potential for high viscosity lube oil because of low viscosity and high wax content . Since viscosity index of distillates from Naharkatia crude is low , it is no not suitable for high viscosity index lube oils. Among three crudes NR crude oil has better potential for lube oils .
- 7. In vacuum distillation of long residue, feed is split into various heavy waxy distillate fractions like spindle oil, light oil, intermediate oil, heavy oil cuts and short residue. Fractionation of long residue is accomplished by distillation under an appropriately high vacuum to prevent decomposition of very high boiling components. Particular attention is paid to washing areas in the vacuum column, in order to prevent any mechanical entrainment of liquid.
- 8. The reduced crude oil from the atmospheric column is further heated and vaporized in the fired heater and charged to a vacuum column. Typical flash temperature will be 390-400°C at 120 mm Hg (absolute pressure). The required vacuum is maintained by a multistage steam ejector system. Partial pressure of hydrocarbons in the vacuum column is effectively reduced by the injection of steam at the bottom of the column. The distillate fractions are steam stripped in strippers to control the flash points. These fractions are then sent for further processing.
- 10. Flash zone temperature,°C 385 Pressure (absolute), mm Hg, (a)Top 23 (b)Flash zone 100
- 11. Fraction Yield, wt.% Kinematic viscosity at 98.9°C Gas oil 5.0 1.55 Spindle oil 11.0 3.57 Light oil 18.5 4.15 Intermediate oil 12.0 11.1 Heavy oil 8.5 23.1 Short residue 45.0 1140.0