LvivPy - Flask in details

Flask in details
Max Klymyshyn
CTO at GVMahines

@maxmaxmaxmax
github: joymax

From Django to Flask

and back to Django

I remember when Flask appeared

And I was one of guys who hadn't
read the code
when Flask was just a joke.

But Armin is
really nice,
simple and
very smart guy

And when I start worked with Flask,
aam...

Here is details
1. Typical project structure
2. Blueprints
3. Database
4. Forms & Validation
5. Management Commands
6. Assets-management
7. Replacement of django.contrib.admin
8. Debugging
9. Unit tests and Behavior tests

Project structure
1. pure python module:

settings.py
- project
- app.py
- views.py
- templates
- static
...

2. Configuration: local_settings, settings:

app.config.from_object(settings)

Blueprints
Kind of django-apps
1. Initialization:
from flask import Blueprint
app = Blueprint(
'profile', // namespace
__name__, // logical python module or
// package
template_folder='templates',
static_folder='static'
)
...
@app.route('/sample/')
def sample():
...

Register blueprint
1. To register use app.register_blueprint :
from flask import Flask
from proj.submodule.bp import app as
submodule

app = Flask(__name__)
app.register_blueprint(
submodule,
url_prefix='/submodule'
)
2. Url namespace
{{ url_for('profile.sample') }}

Database
Flask-SQLAlchemy
minimongo
Flask-Redis

Flask-SQLAlchemy
Example configuration from docs:

from flask import Flask
from flaskext.sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy

app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] =
'sqlite:////tmp/test.db'
db = SQLAlchemy(app)

Flask-SQLAlchemy
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
username = db.Column(
db.String(80), unique=True)
email = db.Column(
db.String(120), unique=True)

def __init__(self, username, email):
self.username = username
self.email = email

def __repr__(self):
return '<User %r>' % self.username

Flask-SQLAlchemy
>>> from app import db
>>> db.create_all()
>>> from app import User
>>> admin = User('admin', 'admin@example.com')
>>> guest = User('guest', 'guest@example.com')
>>> db.session.add(admin)
>>> db.session.add(guest)
>>> db.session.commit()
>>> User.query.all()
[<User u'admin'>, <User u'guest'>]

Minimongo
1. No initial configuration needed
2. Install & start mongo - that's enough
Sample model:

import minimongo as mm

class Profile(mm.Model):
class Meta:
database = "sampleproject"
collection = "profiles"

indices = (mm.Index('username'))

Minimongo
>>> from app import db, User, Profile
>>> admin = User.query.filter_by(
... username='admin').first()
>>> admin.username
u'admin'
>>> profile = Profile(username=admin.username,
... description=u'Flask devleoper')
>>> profile
{'username': u'admin', 'description': u'Flask
devleoper'}
>>> profile.save()
{'username': u'admin', '_id':
ObjectId('4f13e019486dd09335000001'), 'description':
u'Flask devleoper'}

Minimongo
>>> Profile.collection
Collection(Database(Connection('localhost',
27017), u'sampleproject'), u'profiles')

>>> Profile.collection.find_one(
... {'username': admin.username})
{u'username': u'admin', u'_id':
ObjectId('4f13df60486dd09335000000'),
u'description': u'Flask devleoper'}

Flask-Redis
1. Install flask-redis
2. Add to app.py:
from flask.ext.redis import init_redis
...
redis = init_redis(app)
2. Quite easy to use:
>>> from app import redis
>>> p = redis.pipeline()
>>> p.set("username", "admin")
<redis.client.Pipeline object at 0x10139b350>
>>> p.execute()
[True]
>>> redis.get("username")
'admin'

Forms & Validation

Flask-WTF

WTForms Form and View
from flask.ext import wtf

class UserForm(wtf.Form):
username = wtf.TextField("Username", [wtf.Required()])
email = wtf.TextField(
"Email", [wtf.Required(), wtf.Email()])

@app.route('/form', methods=['POST', 'GET'])
def form():
form = UserForm()
if form.validate_on_submit():
flash("Success")
return redirect("/form")
return render_template("form.html", form=form)

WTForm Template
{% with messages = get_flashed_messages() %}
{{ ", ".join(messages or []) }}
{% endwith %}
<hr />

<form method="post" action="/form">{{ form.csrf }}
<i>{{ "; ".join(form.username.errors) }}</i>
<br />
{{ form.username(size=20) }}
<hr />
{{ "; ".join(form.email.errors) }}<br />
{{ form.email(size=20) }}
<hr />
<input type="submit" value="Go">
</form>

Management Commands

Write external scripts with current
project context

Flask-Script
1. Create manage.py script within your project directory and put
(which is quite similar to Django's manage.py):

from flaskext.script import Manager
from app import app

manager = Manager(app)

@manager.command
def hello():
print "hello"

if __name__ == "__main__":
manager.run()

Flask-Script
maxk$ python manage.py
shell Runs a Python shell inside
Flask application context.
hello
runserver Runs the Flask development
server i.e. app.run()

maxk$ python manage.py hello
hello

Flask-Script
With Flask-Script you able to:

• Write custom management commands
• Use existing ones like in flask-assets
• Getting user's input
• Use command line options

All of abilities above already automated with Flask-Script and
it's really easy-to-use.

Assets Management

Static, CSS & JavaScript files

JS/CSS minification and so on
Flask-Assets based on Webassets. To integrate we
need some work to do:

1. Install Flask-Assets
2. Initialize Flask-Assets environment
3. Add Assets Bundles
4. Configure compressors/minifiers etc. to optimize
our assets
5. Generate bundles with management command

Flask-Assets: initializing environment
import Flask
from flask.ext.assets import Environment as
AssetsEnvironment

assets = AssetsEnvironment(app)
assets.debug = True

app.config['ASSETS_DEBUG'] = True

app.config['YUI_COMPRESSOR_PATH'] = 'contrib/
yuicompressor-2.4.6.jar'

Flask-Assets: Adding files
I will show work with JavaScript only but feel free to use same
approach with CSS files.
JavaScript files directory structure:

- static
- js
- src
- core
* jquery.js
* underscore.js
- app
* module1.js
* module2.js

Flask-Assets: adding bundles
assets.py:

from flaskext.assets import Bundle

def register_assets(assets):
core = Bundle(
'js/src/core/jquery.js',
'js/src/core/underscore.js',
filters='yui_js',
output='js/bundle/core.js'
)
assets.register('core', core)

Flask-Assets: adding bundles
...
app = Bundle(
'js/src/app/*.js',
filters='yui_js',
output='js/bundle/app.js'
)

assets.register('app', app)

Flask-Assets: how to use
Somewhere in your template code:

{% assets "core" %}
<script src="{{ ASSET_URL }}"></script>
{% endassets %}

{% assets "app" %}
<script src="{{ ASSET_URL }}"></script>
{% endassets %}

Flask-Assets: debug mode
Flask-Assets generate code below (debug mode):
<script src="/static/js/src/core/jquery.js"></
script>
<script src="/static/js/src/core/underscore.js"></
script>

<script src="/static/js/src/app/module1.js"></
script>
<script src="/static/js/src/app/module2.js"></
script>

Flask-Assets: production mode
Flask-Assets generate code below (production mode):

<script src="/static/js/bundles/core.js"></script>
<script src="/static/js/bundles/app.js"></script>

Static files was generated with Flask-Script command:

maxk$ python manage.py assets rebuild

More extensions:
Flask-Mail
Flask-Babel
Flask-Cache
Flask-csrf
Flask-FlatPages
Flask-lesscss
...

Admin panel

Flask-Admin
Flask-Dashed

Tests

Unit, Behavior and JavaScript tests

Testing: Unit & Behavior
To test templates, views etc we need to have request context

Before execution:

self.app.test_request_context().push()

After execution:

self.app.test_request_context().pop()

Behavior Testes with Lettuce
Example feature and scenario:

Feature: Auth
Scenario: Sign In as featured expert
When I go to "auth.login" view
Then I see that response code is 200
And There's form with following fields:
| form__username |
| form__password |
Fill the field "form__username" with "featured"

lettuce-web
Lettuce-web is a library which very close to headless testing
using twill. lettuce-web doesn't require browser. You can
write your features using lettuce-web predefined steps.

More here:
https://github.com/joymax/lettuce-web

Flask-Jasmine
Flask-Jasmine is extension to execute Jasmine JavaScript
Tests

More details
https://github.com/joymax/flask-jasmine

Debugging

Flask-DebugToolbar
werkzeug debugger

Issues

What's going on in Flask world at
the moment?

Python 3
Status of porting Flask to Python 3 is unknown.

Werkzeug not ported yet. Hopefully, will be ported to Python
3.3 ( PEP 414 for details)

Werkzeug
Werkzeug is really huge and have tons of tools.
Flask based on Werkzeug.

We all like Python for small, robust and clean libraries.

What’s next?

Flask 0.9
52

That's all
Questions?

Source:
https://github.com/joymax/kyivpy-flask-in-details

LvivPy - Flask in details

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