MADHU.pptx
- 3. CERTIFICATE THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT MADHULATHA GOLLAPALLI OF CLASS 12TH A HAS PREPARED THE PPT ON DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.THIS PPT IS THE RESULT OF HER EFFORTS AND ENDEAVOURS. THE PPT IS FOUND WORTH OF ACCEPTANCE AS FINAL PROJECT FOR THE SUBJECT COMPUTERSCIENCE OF CLASS 12TH. SIGNATURE OF GUIDED EXAMINER: SIGNATURE OF INTERNAL: SIGNATURE OF PRINCIPAL:
- 4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT IT IS MY FOREMOST DUTY TO EXPRESS MY DEEP REGARDS AND GRATITUDE TO MY COMPUTER SCIENCE TEACHER MALIKAPARWIN MAM UNDER WHOSE GUIDENCE AND SUPERVISION I WAS ABLE TO COMPLETE THIS PRESENTATION.
- 5. CONTENTS: INTRODUCTION PURPOSE OF DBMS USE OF DBMS ADVANTAGES & LIMITATIONS COMPONENTS OF DBMS DATA ABSTRACTION WORKING OF DBMS DBMS VERSUS FILE PROCESSING SYSTEM DATA MODEL HIERARCHICAL DATA MODEL NETWORK DATA MODEL RELATIONAL DATA MODEL
- 6. INTRODUCTION DATABASE MAY BE DEFINED AS A COLLECATION OF INTERRELATED DATA STORED TOGETHER TO SERVE MULTIPLE APPLICATIONS DATABASE.
- 7. PURPOSE OF DBMS DBMS PROVIDE A WAY TO STORE AND RETRIEVEDATABASE INFORMATION THAT IS BOTH CONVENIENT AND EFFICIENT. DATA IN THE DATABASE CAN BE ADDED, DELETED, CHANGED,SORTED OR SEARCHED, ALL USING A DBMS. APPLICATION PROGRAM ACCESSES THE DATA IN THE DATABASE BY SENDING REQUEST TO THE DBMS. EX:MYSQL,INGRES,MS-ACCESS etc…
- 9. THE BASIC PROCESSES THAT ARE SUPPORTED BY A DBMS ARE: (i) Specification of data types, structures and constrains to be considered in an application. (ii) Storing the data itself into persistent storage. (iii) Manipulation of database. (iv) Querying the database to retrieve desired information. (v) Updating the content of the database.
- 10. ADVANTAGES OF DBMS (i) Reduced data redundancy. (ii) Elimination of inconsistency. (iii)Data sharing. (iv)Data integrity. (v) Data security. (vi)Backup and recovery. LIMITATIONS OF DBMS (i) High cost. (ii) Database failure. (iii)Data quality. (iv)Confidentiality, privacy and security.
- 11. COMPONENTS OF DATABASE SYSTEM A database is composed of four components- User, Hardware, Software and Data, which coordinate with one another to form an effective database system. USER: The users are the people who manage the database and perform different operations on it. HARDWARE: The hardware consists of various secondary storage devices, such as magnetic tapes, hard disks, floppy disks CD-ROM’s etc. SOFTWARE: This is the most important component of database. It acts as an interface between the user and the database. DATA: It is an important component of database. Most of the organisations generate, store and process large amount of data. The data acts as a bridge between the hardware, software and the users. USERDATA:It contains a table of data in the form of rows (records) and columns (fields) METADATA: It means ‘data about data’ i.e. a logical description of the structure of a data APPLICATIONDATA: It contains the structure and format queries, reports and other application components.
- 12. Data abstraction The major purpose of a database system is to provide users with an abstract view of data. That is, the system hides certain details of how the data are stored and maintained. Since many database system uses are not computer trained, developers hide the complexity from users through several levels of abstraction, to simplify user’s interactions with the system. this concept is known as data abstraction.
- 13. Working of database Databases are created to operate on large quantities of information by input, retrieve and manage the information. Database is a centralized location which provides an easy way to access the data by several users. It does not keep the separate copies of a particular data file still a number of users can access the same data at the same time. As the below diagram shows to perform any operation in the presence of a DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS). USERS REQUEST DBMS DATABASE RESPONSE
- 14. DBMS versus FILE PROCESSING SYSTEM DBMS A database managementsystem co-ordinates both the physical and logical access to the data. A database managementsystem is a bundle of applications, i.e. dedicated for managing data stored in a database. A database managementsystem is designed to allow flexible access to data (i.e. queries). A database managementsystem is designed to co-ordinate multiple users accessing the same data at the same time. FILE PROCESSING SYSTEM File processing system co-ordinates only the physical access. A file processing system is a collection of raw data files stored in the hard drive of a system. File processing system is designed to allow predetermined access to data (i.e. compiled programs). A file processing system is usually designed to allow one or more programs to access different data files at the same time.
- 15. Data model Data model can be defined as A Database model defines the logical design and structure of a database and defines how data will be stored, accessed and updated in a database management system. While the Relational Model is the most widely used database model, there are other models too: • Hierarchical Model • Network Model • Relational Model
- 16. Hierarchical data model This database model organises data into a tree-like-structure, with a single root, to which all the other data is linked. The hierarchy starts from the Rootdata, and expands like a tree, adding child nodes to the parent nodes. In this model, a child node will only have a single parent node. This model efficiently describes many real-world relationships like index of a book, recipes etc. In hierarchical model, data is organised into tree-like structure with one one-to-many relationship between two different types of data, for example, one department can have many courses, many professors and of-course many students.
- 17. Network model This is an extension of the Hierarchical model. In this model data is organised more like a graph, and are allowed to have more than one parent node. In this database model data is more related as more relationships are established in this database model. Also, as the data is more related, hence accessing the data is also easier and fast. This database model was used to map many-to-many data relationships. This was the most widely used database model, before Relational Model was introduced. Network Model of database
- 18. Relational database model In this model, data is organised in two-dimensional tables and the relationship is maintained by storing a common field. This model was introduced by E.F Cod in 1970, and since then it has been the most widely used database model, infact, we can say the only database model used around the world. The basic structure of data in the relational model is tables. All the information related to a particular type is stored in rows of that table. Hence, tables are also known as relationsin relational model. In the coming tutorials we will learn how to design tables, normalize them to reduce data redundancy and how to use structured query language to access data from tables.
- 20. DECLARATION I THE UNDERSIGNED SOLOMNLY DECLARE THAT THE PROJECT REPORT “DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” IS BASED ON MY OWN WORK CARRIED OUT DURING THE COURSE OF STUDY UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF MALIKA PARVEEN. I ASSURE THE STATEMENTS MADE AND CONCLUSIONS DRAWN ARE AN OUTCOME OF MY RESEARCH WORK. IS THE REPORT IS ORGINAL AND HAS BEEN DONE BY UNDER THE GENERAL SUPERVISION OF MY SUPERVISIOR.