Male Infertility and its management.pptx

Male Infertility and its management.pptx

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  INFERTILITY Department of medicalsurgical nursing
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  LEARNING OBJECTIVES:- At theend of the class students will be able to: • define infertility. • Discuss the incidence of infertility. • enlist the etiology of infertility. • discuss the evaluation of infertility..
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  DEFINITION Infertility is definedas failure to conceive after one year of unprotected coitus. Primary infertility means the couple have never conceived. Secondary infertility means they have conceived at least once in past
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  INCIDENCE • 15 TO20% • 80% couple conceive at the end of 12 mth. With 20- 25%fecundability • Increasing incidence is due late marriage delaying pregnancy increase no of MTP increase awareness of treatment unknown reason
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  • Azoospermia: Acondition where there is no sperm in the ejaculate. • Asthenospermia: A condition where sperm have poor motility, or don't swim well. • Oligozoospermia: A condition where there are fewer than normal sperm. • Teratozoospermia: condition where sperm are abnormally shaped. • Aspermia is the complete lack of semen with ejaculation (not to be confused with azoospermia, the lack of sperm cells in the semen).
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  Pathophysiology due to etiologicalcauses problems with sperm production, transport or function inability to conceive
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  Diagnostic Evaluation
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  Diagnostic Evaluation • HistoryCollection • Physical Examination • Semen analysis • Endocrine evaluation (FSH/LH/TESTO/GnRH/PROLACTIN/TSH etc.) • Genetic testing(karyotyping)
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  other investigations • scrotalultrasound • transrectal USG • Testicular biposy • transabdominal USG
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  MANAGEMENT
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  Medical Management Antibiotic treatment:For infections like epididymitis or prostatitis. Hormone replacement therapy: For hormonal imbalances, such as low testosterone.  Anti-estrogens: For hormonal imbalances, such as high estrogen levels. Gonadotropin therapy: To stimulate sperm production.
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  Selective estrogen receptormodulators (SERMs): To improve sperm count and motility. Antioxidant therapy: To reduce oxidative stress and improve sperm quality. Erectile dysfunction treatment: For erectile dysfunction, such as phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is).
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  Surgical Management 1. Varicocelectomy:Surgery to remove swollen veins (varicocele) in the scrotum that can affect sperm quality and quantity. 2. Vasectomy reversal: Reconnecting the vas deferens after a vasectomy to restore fertility.
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  3. Epididymal cystremoval: Removing cysts in the epididymis that can affect sperm transport. 4. Testicular biopsy: Examining testicular tissue to diagnose conditions like azoospermia (no sperm in semen). 5. Microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA): Extracting sperm from the epididymis for assisted reproductive techniques like IVF.
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  6. Testicular spermextraction (TESE): Removing testicular tissue to extract sperm for assisted reproductive techniques. 7. Hydrocele repair: Removing fluid accumulation around the testicle that can affect fertility.
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  Prevention • by increasethe production of healthy sperm by making certain lifestyle changes, including • Maintaining a healthy weight. • Eating more fruits and vegetables. • Engaging in regular physical activity, including walking, jogging, bicycling, dancing or lifting weights. • Managing stress. • Stopping smoking, drinking and using recreational/nonprescription drugs. • Avoiding the use of sexual lubricants (lube) during sexual intercourse.
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  • preventing STDs •avoiding hot bath • avoiding pollutants and toxins • limiting certain medication • avoid exposure with pesticides and heavy metals
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  EVALUATION • Always besystemic one • Individualization is done when definite problem is identified • Sympathetic attitude is necessary
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  SUMMARY In this classwe discussed the Definition of infertility. Incidence of infertility. Etiology of infertility. Evaluation of infertility..
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  BIBLIOGRAPHY Lippincott “Medical surgicalnursing” 10th edition Joyce M Black ” Medical surgical nursing” Brunner And Suddharth “Medical surgical nursing”
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  THANK YOU!!!