Management Information System by Ravi Kumudesh

Management
Information
System
Ravi Kumudesh
BSc / MSc / Dip(MLT) /PG Dip(SMgt)
kumudeshr@gmail.com / slsmls.org

slsmls.org
Why Do People Need Information?
▫ Individuals - Entertainment and enlightenment
▫ Businesses - Decision making, problem solving
and control
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Data vs. Information
▫ Data
 A “given,” or fact; a number, a statement, or a picture
 Represents something in the real world
 The raw materials in the production of information
▫ Information
 Data that have meaning within a context
 Data in relationships
 Data after manipulation
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Data Manipulation
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▫ Example: customer survey
 Reading through data collected from a customer survey with
questions in various categories would be time-consuming and
not very helpful.
 When manipulated, the surveys may provide useful
information.
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Generating Information
▫ Computer-based ISs take data as raw material,
process it, and produce information as output.
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Information in Context
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What Is a System?
▫ System: A set of components that work together to
achieve a common goal
▫ Subsystem: One part of a system where the
products of more than one system are combined
to reach an ultimate goal
▫ Closed system: Stand-alone system that has no
contact with other systems
▫ Open system: System that interfaces with other
systems
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Data, Information and Systems
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Information and Managers
▫ Systems thinking
 Creates a framework for problem solving and decision making.
 Keeps managers focused on overall goals and operations of
business.
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Qualities of humans and computers
that contribute to synergy
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The Benefits of Human
Computer Synergy
▫ Synergy
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 When combined resources produce output that exceeds the
sum of the outputs of the same resources employed separately
▫ Allows human thought to be translated into efficient
processing of large amounts of data
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Components of an information system
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The Four Stages of Data Processing
▫ Input: Data is collected and entered into computer.
▫ Data processing: Data is manipulated into information
using mathematical, statistical, and other tools.
▫ Output: Information is displayed or presented.
▫ Storage: Data and information are maintained for later
use.
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Why Study IS?
• Information Systems Careers
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▫ Systems analyst, specialist in enterprise resource planning (ERP),
database administrator, telecommunications specialist, consulting, etc.
• Knowledge Workers
▫ Managers and non-managers
▫ Employers seek computer-literate professionals who know how to use
information technology.
• Computer Literacy Replacing Traditional
Literacy
▫ Key to full participation in western society
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Ethical and Societal Issues
The Not-So-Bright Side
• Consumer Privacy
▫ Organizations collect (and sometimes sell) huge
amounts of data on individuals.
• Employee Privacy
▫ IT supports remote monitoring of employees, violating
privacy and creating stress.
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Ethical and Societal Issues
The Not-So-Bright Side
• Freedom of Speech
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▫ IT increases opportunities for pornography, hate speech, intellectual
property crime, an d other intrusions; prevention may abridge free
speech.
• IT Professionalism
▫ No mandatory or enforced code of ethics for IT professionals--unlike
other professions.
• Social Inequality
▫ Less than 20% of the world’s population have ever used a PC; less than
3% have Internet access.
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Relationship of Systems to One Another

The Four Major Types of Information Systems

MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONS

Management Information Systems (MIS)
 An MIS provides managers with information and support
for effective decision making, and provides feedback on
daily operations
 Output, or reports, are usually generated through
accumulation of transaction processing data
 Each MIS is an integrated collection of subsystems, which
are typically organized along functional lines within an
organization

What is MIS?
1) Right Information
2) To the right person
3) At the right place
4) At the right time
5) In the right form
6) At the right cost

MIS Characteristics
• Provides reports with fixed and standard formats
▫ Hard-copy and soft-copy reports
• Uses internal data stored in the computer system
• End users can develop custom reports
• Requires formal requests from users

MIS Characteristics
1) Provides reports with fixed and standard formats - Hard-copy
and soft-copy reports
2) Uses internal data stored in the computer system
3) End users can develop custom reports
4) Requires formal requests from users

The MIS definition
1) The MIS is defined as an integrated system of man and
machine for providing the information to support the
operations, the management and the decision making
function in the organization.
2) The MIS is defined as a system based on the database of
the organization evolved for the purpose of providing
information to the people in the organization.

Various types of MIS
 Transaction processing systems :
 Decision support systems (DSS)
 Executive information systems (EIS)
 Marketing information systems
 Office automation systems (OAS)
 School management information systems (MIS)

INTEGRATING FUNCTIONS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES:
Introduction to Enterprise Applications

MIS Outputs
• Scheduled reports
 Produced periodically, or on a schedule (daily, weekly,
monthly)
• Key-indicator report
 Summarizes the previous day’s critical activities
 Typically available at the beginning of each day
• Demand report
 Gives certain information at a manager’s request
• Exception report
 Automatically produced when a situation is unusual or requires
management action

MIS - Competitive Advantage
• Provides support to managers as they work to
achieve corporate goals
• Enables managers to compare results to
established company goals and identify problem
areas and opportunities for improvement

MIS and Web Technology
• Data may be made available from management
information systems on a company’s intranet
• Employees can use browsers and their PC to
gain access to the data

Inputs to Marketing MIS
• Strategic plan and corporate policies
• The TPS
• External sources:
▫ The competition
▫ The market

Marketing MIS
Subsystems and Outputs
• Marketing research
• Product development
• Promotion and advertising
• Product pricing

Human Resource MIS
• Concerned with all of the activities related to
employees and potential employees of the
organization

Inputs to the
Human Resource MIS
• Strategic plan or corporate policies
• The TPS:
▫ Payroll data
▫ Order processing data
▫ Personnel data
• External sources

Human Resource
MIS Subsystems and Outputs
• Human resource planning
• Personnel selection and recruiting
• Training and skills inventory
• Scheduling and job placement
• Wage and salary administration

Other MISs
• Accounting MISs
▫ Provides aggregated information on accounts
payable, accounts receivable, payroll, and
other applications.
• Geographic information systems (GISs)
▫ Enables managers to pair pre-drawn maps or
map outlines with tabular data to describe
aspects of a particular geographic region.

Advantages
 Highlight their strengths and weaknesses
 The identification of these aspects improve their
business processes and operations.
 Giving an overall picture and acting as a
communication and planning tool.
 Align business processes according to the needs of
the customers.
 Perform direct marketing and promotion activities.
 Predicted by the analysis of sales and revenue reports

Need of MIS
Information that needs to be recorded and studied includes relevant
information of the department for planning process as well as specific
information to know whether one involved in SWM services is performing
his duty well, adequate vehicles are given to the SWM Dept. by the
workshop, the vehicles give their optimum output, the repairing and
maintenance of vehicles and equipment at the workshop is properly done, the
vehicles carrying the waste to the disposal site are optimally utilised, the
processing plants are performing well, landfill sites are well managed etc.
The first thing each morning the chief executive should see is whether
anything unusual or unsatisfactory has happened needing immediate remedial
measures. A list of items is given below on which the data should be collected
and kept on record for planning purposes and a few proformae are designed
for monitoring the activities done by various sections of SWM department as
under which may be utilised by the local bodies with suitable modifications.

Conclusion
MIS differ from regular information systems because the primary
objectives of these systems are to analyze other systems dealing with the
operational activities in the organization. In this way, MIS is a subset of the
overall planning and control activities covering the application of humans,
technologies, and procedures of the organization. Within the field of
scientific management, MIS is most of ten tailored to the automation or
support of human decision making.
As organizations grow, MIS allows information to move between
functional areas and departments instantly, reducing the need for face-to-face
communications among employees, thus increasing the responsiveness
of the organization.

Types of Information Systems

slsmls.org
Thank you !
Sri Lanka Society for Medical Laboratory Science
slsmls.org / kumudeshr@gmail.com / +94773077717
42

Management Information System by Ravi Kumudesh

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