Management presentation _ for scr.pptx
- 2. Topics Topic 7 Organizational Structure and Change Topic 8 Organizational Culture Topic 9 Social Networks Topic 10 Leading People and Organizations Topic 11 Decision Making 10/31/2023 TOPICS 2
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- 16. A good name is to be chosen rather than great riches, Loving favor than silver or gold. Proverbs 22:1 10/21/2023 BIBLE VERSE 16
- 18. Organizational Culture 10/21/2023 ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE 18 Creating and Maintaining Organizational Culture Founder values and preferences Industry demands Early values, goals, assumptions Attraction- selection- attrition New employee onboarding Leadership Reward systems Organizational culture Culture Creation Culture Maintenance
- 19. Organizational Culture 10/21/2023 ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE 19 How Are Cultures Created? Founder Values and Preferences Industry demands Early values, goals, assumptions Personality, background, and values of its founder or founders Founder/s’ vision for the future of the organization The way the founder/s want to do business • Industry characteristics • Industry demands
- 20. 10/21/2023 20 Founder values and preferences Industry demands Early values, goals, assumptions Attraction- selection- attrition New employee onboarding Leadership Reward systems Organizational culture Culture Creation Culture Maintenance Maintaining Organizational Culture Organizational Culture ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE
- 21. Organizational Culture 10/21/2023 ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE 21 How Are Cultures Maintained? • Attractiveness or fit of an organization to employees, such as value similarity and benefits • Selection is the process by which the organization chooses employees who fit in their current organizational culture • Attrition refers to the natural process where the candidates who do not fit in will leave the company Attraction-selection-attrition • Process through which new employees learn the attitudes, knowledge, skills, and behaviors required to function effectively within an organization New employee onboarding • Leaders are instrumental in creating and changing an organization’s culture. • There is a direct correspondence between the leader’s style and an organization’s culture. • Role modeling Leadership • The type of reward systems used in the organization and the kinds of behaviors and outcomes it chooses to reward and punish • Whether the organization rewards behaviors or results, and whether the organization rewards performance or seniority Reward Systems
- 22. Organizational Culture 10/21/2023 ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE 22 Signs of Organizational Culture • A statement purpose, describing who the company is and what it does Mission Statement • Refer to repetitive activities within an organization that have symbolic meaning Rituals • Companies create rules to determine acceptable and unacceptable behavior and thus, the rules that exist in a company will signal the type of values it has Rules and Policies • A company’s building layout of employee offices, and other workspaces communicate important messages about a company’s culture Physical Layout • Skillful use of stories Stories and Language
- 23. Organizational Culture 10/21/2023 ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE 23 Creating Cultural Change Organizations need to change their culture to respond to changing conditions in the environment, to remain competitive, and to avoid complacency or stagnation.
- 25. Ethical Considerations with Social Network Analysis (SNA) 10/21/2023 SOCIAL NETWORKS 25 What is Social Network Analysis? ⮚ Mapping and measuring of relationships and flows between people, groups, organizations, computers, Web sites, and other information/knowledge processing entities ⮚ Can be done through surveys or software programs ⮚ Used to enhance organizational performance
- 26. Ethical Considerations with Social Network Analysis (SNA) 10/21/2023 SOCIAL NETWORKS 26 Three top ethical concerns: 1. Violation of Privacy 2. Harm to Individual Standing • May lead to unforeseen and/or unwarranted disciplinary action • Management may make job or personnel changes 3. Psychological Harm • Information is used in a way that manipulates behavior of individuals
- 27. Ethical Considerations with Social Network Analysis (SNA) 10/21/2023 SOCIAL NETWORKS 27 Three specific ways to manage SNA ethical concerns: 1. Full disclosure • Informed consent to the participants 2. Anonymization and opt-out options • Making the process anonymous or with option not to be involved 3. Participant training and feedback • Part of a larger employee development program
- 28. Personal, Operational, and Strategic Networks 10/21/2023 SOCIAL NETWORKS 28 Three types of networks: “Ibarra’s work suggest that leaders need to possess all three types of networks” TYPES PURPOSE FIND NETWORK MEMBERS BY: PERSONAL • Exchange important referrals and needed outside information • Develop professional skills through coaching and mentoring Alumni groups, clubs, professional associations, and personal interest communities OPERATIONA L Get your work done efficiently Identify individual who can support a project STRATEGIC • Future priorities and challenges • Stakeholder support Identifying lateral and vertical relationships with other managers outside your immediate control
- 29. Personal, Operational, and Strategic Networks 10/21/2023 SOCIAL NETWORKS 29 Making Networking Happen ⮚ Effective leaders are effective networkers ⮚ Networking is one of the most important requirements of a leadership role ⮚ Networks created value, but networking takes real work ⮚ Building a network means that you need to establish connections ⮚ Networking requires to apply principle of reciprocity (i.e., give and take continually)
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- 34. And I say to you, Make friends for yourselves by means of the mammon of unrighteousness, so that when it fails, they may receive you into the eternal tabernacles. Luke 16:9 10/21/2023 BIBLE VERSE 34
- 36. What will we learn? 10/21/2023 LEADING PEOPLE AND ORGANIZATIONS 36 Who is a Leader? Trait Approaches to Leadership What Do Leaders Do? Behavioral Approaches to Leadership What is the Role of the Context? Contingency Approaches to Leadership Contemporary Approaches to Leadership Developing Your Leadership Skills
- 37. Intelligence One’s general mental ability Extraversion Sociable, assertive, energetic Conscientiousness Organized, takes initiative, demonstrate persistence in endeavors Open to Experience / Openness Original, creative, open to try new things Self-Esteem Positive assessment of self-worth and capabilities Integrity Good moral compass, honest, with integrity 10/21/2023 37 Who Is a Leader? Trait Approaches to Leadership LEADING PEOPLE AND ORGANIZATIONS
- 38. • Authoritarian decision making • Democratic decision making • Laissez-faire decision making • Task-oriented leader behaviors • People-oriented leader behaviors 10/21/2023 38 Behavioral Approaches to Leadership LEADING PEOPLE AND ORGANIZATIONS What Do Leaders Do? Leader Behaviors Leader Decision Making
- 39. What Is the Role of the Context? Contingency Approaches to Leadership 10/21/2023 LEADING PEOPLE AND ORGANIZATIONS 39 Fiedler’s Contingency Theory • Different people can be effective in different situations • Favorability of the scenario Situational Leadership • Leadership styles = follower’s development level • Employee readiness • Dependency on followers Path-Goal Theory of Leadership • Directive leaders • Supportive leaders • Participative leaders • Achievement- oriented leaders Vroom and Yetton’s Normative Decision Model • Decision making model
- 40. Authentic Leadership Servant Leadership Leader-Member Exchange Theory Transformational Leaders • The authentic leadership approach • High-quality LMX relationships • Low-quality LMX relations Contemporary Approaches to Leadership 10/21/2023 LEADING PEOPLE AND ORGANIZATIONS 40 • Charisma • Inspirational motivation • Intellectual stimulation • Individualized consideration • Develop employees • Help them reach their goals Transactional leaders • Contingent rewards • Active management by exception • Passive management by exception
- 41. • Don’t ask what your employees can do for you • One of your key priorities should be to help employees reach their goals • Be humble • Be open with your employees • Find ways of helping the external community • Understand Your History • Take Stock of Who You Are Now • Reflect on Your Successes and Challenges • Make Integrity a Priority • Understand the Power of Words • Have a vision • Tie the vision to history • Watch your body language • Make sure that employees have confidence in themselves • Challenge the status quo Develop Your Charismatic Leadership Skills Developing Your Leadership Skills 10/21/2023 LEADING PEOPLE AND ORGANIZATIONS 41 Develop Your Servant Leadership Skills Develop Your Authentic Leadership Skills
- 42. Warren Buffett ▪ Born on August 30th, 1930 in Omaha, Nebraska ▪ Currently the Chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway ▪ Legendary value investor known as the ‘Oracle of Omaha’ and is one of the world’s most successful and closely followed investor and entrepreneur ▪ Net worth of over $100 billion as of 2023 10/21/2023 LEADING PEOPLE AND ORGANIZATIONS 42 Case Study
- 43. Berkshire Hathaway Duracell GEICO Insurance Kraft Heinz Washington Post 9/8/20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 43 ▪ Acquired undervalued stock with potential for future growth ▪ Believed that economic reality is better than accounting reality ▪ Long term strategy over short term market gains ▪ Diversified portfolio ▪ Exemplary leadership Business/Investment Strategy
- 44. 10/21/2023 PRESENTATION TITLE 44 Transformational Leader Servant Leader Laissez-faire Leader • Inspires and motivates his team to exceed their own expectations and accomplish more than they thought possible. • He sees himself as a steward of his investor’s money and has always prioritized their interests over his own. • Also known as “delegative leadership”, the leadership approach popularized by Buffett. Leadership Style
- 45. Hilda Romanillos A certified public accountant with a decade of combined professional experience in the fields of public accounting, corporate finance & accounting, local taxation, and internal audit. Has worked in the country’s largest accounting firm and audited various clients belong to industries such as telecommunications, hospitals, pharmaceutical, non-profit organization, real estate & construction, etc. Became a Deputy Chief Accountant for a group of companies with businesses in real estate development, hotel, and property management. Currently working as a Senior Finance Specialist for a multinational insurance and wealth asset management company. 45
- 46. Joseph Jay Trinidad Registered Chemical Engineer Registered Chemical Technician Currently, the Business Development Lead of Saint-Gobain Construction Chemicals, handling both the Cement Business & Jobsites Business Unit of the company nationwide. Handling 25 personnel deployed in different parts of the country for 24/7 cement grinding aid operations and technical support. 46
- 47. So do not fear, for I am with you; do not be dismayed, for I am your God. I will strengthen you and help you; I will uphold with you with my righteous hand. Isaiah 41:10 10/21/2023 BIBLE VERSE 47
- 49. Two Types 1. Programmed Decisions - occur frequently - with automated response (i.e., decision rule) 2. Nonprogrammed Decisions - Unique, nonroutine, and important decisions that require conscious thinking, information gathering, and careful consideration of alternatives - Used in crisis situations Decision Making 10/21/2023 DECISION MAKING 49 Definition Refers to making choices among alternative courses of action, including inaction
- 50. 10/21/2023 DECISION MAKING 50 Level of Decision Examples of Decision Who Typically Makes Decisions 1. Strategic Decisions (sets the course of the organization) Should we merge with another company? Should we pursue a new product line? Should we downsize our organization? Top Management Teams, CEOs, and Boards of Directors 2. Tactical Decisions (how to get things done) What should we do to help facilitate employees from the two companies working together? How should we market the new product line? Who should be let go when we downsize? Managers 3. Operational Decisions (day to day decisions) How often should I communicate with my new coworkers? What should I say to customers about or new product? How will I balance my new work demands? Employees throughout the organization Decisions Commonly Made within Organizations
- 51. 10/21/2023 DECISION MAKING 51 Decision Making Model Types
- 52. 10/21/2023 DECISION MAKING 52 Decision Making Model Types Many college graduates do not conduct a national or international search for potential job openings; instead, they focus their search on a limited geographic area and tend to accept the first offer in their chosen area, even if it may not be the ideal job situation. A company has encountered an issue causing extended downtime. In this case, you may want to use the bounded rationality decision-making model to quickly identify the first acceptable solution since every minute wasted is costly. A customer makes a suboptimal decision to order some food at the restaurant because they felt rushed by the waiter who was waiting beside the table. A trader who would make a moderate and risky decision to trade their stock due to time pressure and imperfect information of the market at that time. Examples
- 53. 10/21/2023 DECISION MAKING 53 Decision Making Model Types
- 54. 10/21/2023 DECISION MAKING 54 Decision Making Model Types Example Netflix – revolutionized the DVD rental business through online rentals with no late fees.
- 55. Decision-Making Model Types 10/21/2023 DECISION MAKING 55 • Information on alternatives can be gathered and quantified. • The decision is important. • You are trying to maximize your outcome. Rational • The minimum criteria are clear. • You do not have or you are not willing to invest much time to making the decision. • You are not trying to maximize your outcome. Bounded Rationality • Goals are unclear. • There is time pressure and analysis paralysis would be costly. • You have experience with the problem. Intuitive • Solutions to the problem are not clear. • New Solutions need to be generated. • You have time to immerse yourself in the issues Creative Decision-Making Model Use This Model When:
- 56. Decision Making 10/21/2023 DECISION MAKING 56 Potential Challenges to Decision-Making Overconfidence Bias Hindsight Bias Framing Bias Escalation of Commitment Anchoring individuals overestimate their ability to predict future events the opposite of overconfidence bias; looking at the past, judges that a mistake that was made should have been recognized as a mistake at the time. the tendency of decision makers to be influenced by the way that problems are framed. Continue on a failing course of action after information reveals this may be a poor path to follow. tendency to rely to heavily on a single piece of information
- 57. 10/21/2023 DECISION MAKING 57 Individual Decision Making Group Decision Making Pros Cons Pros Cons Typically faster than group decision making Fewer ideas Diversity of ideas and can piggyback on others’ ideas Takes longer Best individual in a group usually outperforms the group Identifying the best individual can be challenging Greater commitment to ideas Group dynamics such as groupthink can occur Accountability is easier to Determine Possible to put off making decisions if left alone to do it Interaction can be fun and serves as a team building task Social loafing-harder to identify responsibility for decisions When It Comes to Decision-Making, Are Two Heads Better Than One?
- 58. Decision Making 10/21/2023 DECISION MAKING 58 Developing your Personal Decision-Making Skills 1. If the decision is important, conduct a premortem to anticipate what might go wrong and fix the problems before they happen 1. When a decision is going to involve others, be proactive in getting them to buy in before the decision is made.
- 59. Kimberly Pavino A certified public accountant, with prior work experiences in external audit, internal audit (banking sector) and private hospital. Currently connected with a private school in Davao City as the Director for Finance. 59
- 60. If any of you lacks wisdom, you should ask God, who gives generously to all without finding fault, and it will be given to you. James 1:5 10/21/2023 BIBLE VERSE 60
- 61. Thank you!