Mangalyaan mom maven essentials
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- India's Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also called Mangalyaan, was launched in November 2013 to explore Mars and reach Mars orbit. - MOM carried scientific instruments including cameras and spectrometers to study the Martian surface, atmosphere, and exosphere. - The mission aimed to demonstrate India's technological capability to design, plan, and operate an interplanetary mission. MOM successfully entered Mars orbit in September 2014 and transmitted images back to Earth.
Mangalyaan mom maven essentials
- 1. Essentials of Mangalyaan OR Mars Orbiter Mission ( MOM ) An Overview presented by: Shashikant Salvi
- 2. MANGALYAAN ( मंगलयान ) मंगल + यान Mangal + Yaan Mars + Vehicle Indian Satellite for the exploration of Mars MARS ORBITER MISSION ( MOM )
- 3. Mars is the 4th planet in Solar System.
- 4. Physical characteristics of Mars and Earth Parameter Mars Earth Radius 3390 kms 6371 Kms Mass 0.64E24 kg 5.98E24 Gravitational Acceleration 3.7 m/s2 9.8 m/s2 Orbital period around Sun 687 days 365 days Length of a Day 24Hrs 39 Min 24Hrs Tilt of rotation axis 25 deg 23.5deg Weight on Mars and Earth 37.7 Kg 100 Kg
- 5. Why Mars? – Neighbour planet with Earth like features – Mars has an atmosphere ( although thin ) – Surface features like impact craters, volcanoes, valleys, deserts, and polar ice caps – Tilt in rotational axis that produces the seasons – Mountains and canyons. – Two moons, Phobos and Deimos Therefore it was explored by spacecrafts and probes from 60s. So India’s choice of 1st interplanetary spacecraft was for Mars ( after Moon mission, Chandrayaan in 2008 )
- 6. TIMING of MOM mission In November 2013, two missions started their journey from Earth to Mars MAVEN of USA on 18th Nov MOM of India on 8th Nov ( 1st Dec ) They Reached Mars on 22nd and 24th Sept 2014 Both started from Earth in Nov 2013 time and reached Mars in Sept 2014. Was it just a coincidence?
- 7. Mars is farther from Sun than Earth Kepler’s laws state that it has to take more time to make a revolution than Earth ( 687 days for Mars and 365 days for Earth ) They come near each other once in 780 days (2 yr 50 days ) This year’s situation is shown in next few slides. Notice how the Earth-Mars distance varies every month .. In right top corner of each slide Next possibility after 12th April 2014 is 30th May 2016
- 8. 1st Feb 14 Watch this space .. Every month’s distance is plotted for comparison 1st Feb 2014
- 9. 1st Feb 14 1st Mar ‘14 1st March 2014 Distance between Earth and Mars
- 10. 1st Feb 14 1st Mar ‘14 1st Apr ‘14 1st April 2014 Distance between Earth and Mars
- 11. 1st Feb 14 1st Mar ‘14 1st Apr ‘14 14th Apr ‘14 14th April 2014 Distance between Earth and Mars
- 12. 1st Feb 14 1st Mar ‘14 1st Apr ‘14 14th Apr ‘14 1st May ‘14 1st May 2014 Distance between Earth and Mars
- 13. - Mars and Earth are nearest on 14th April 2014. (≈ 0.5 AU , 92 million kms ) - They were in Opposition on 8th April 2014 - So MOM was launched such that its position on 8th April is exactly midway ( 343 million kms done and 343 million kms remaining ) 343 686 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2013-Dec-02 2013-Dec-17 2014-Jan-01 2014-Jan-16 2014-Jan-31 2014-Feb-15 2014-Mar-02 2014-Mar-17 2014-Apr-01 2014-Apr-16 2014-May-01 2014-May-16 2014-May-31 2014-Jun-15 2014-Jun-30 2014-Jul-15 2014-Jul-30 2014-Aug-14 2014-Aug-29 2014-Sep-13
- 14. Transportation of satellite from one planet to the other using Sun is known as Hohemann Transfer MOM and MAVEN travelled from Earth to Mars on two slightly different elliptical paths with Sun as one of the focus
- 15. MOM aboard PSLV C25 Rocket MOM Heat shield 4th Stage Heat shield open Heat shield Closed Feed Line for MOM
- 16. 1st Stage Mobile Service Tower ( MST ) Launch Pedestal Umbilical Tower Feed lines How Big is the PSLV? Compare with people on the MST Feed lines for liquid propellants , high-pressure gases, checkout cables, chilled air
- 17. MOM is basically a Demonstration Mission • Scientific Objectives - Usage of indigenous scientific Instruments for Martian Study • Technological Objectives Demonstrate the ability to - Design a satellite to survive Martian conditions - Design Interplanetary orbit and later - Achieve and operate Mars orbit
- 18. Scientific Objectives Demonstrate the usage of indigenous scientific instruments for Exploration of - Mars surface features - morphology - mineralogy and - Martian atmosphere
- 19. Technological Objectives of MOM - Design an orbiter to survive Martian conditions - Design cruise phase of 300 days - Achieve and operate Mars orbit - Establish and evaluate navigation Deep space communication mission planning and management - Incorporate autonomous features to handle contingency situations.
- 20. 80238 Kms 3807 Kms Orbit of MOM around Mars 418 Kms 76847 Kms Apoapsis Major Axis Periapsis
- 21. Measuring Instruments on MOM Mars Orbiter Mission carries - camera ( MCC ) - two spectrometers ( MENCA and TIS ) - radiometer ( MSM ) - photometer ( LAP ) These instruments are used to study - Martian surface - atmosphere and - exosphere extending up to 80,000 kms to understand evolution of that planet and geologic and biogenic processes ( if possible )
- 22. Location of various Components Propellant Tank High Gain Antenna Feed Horn High Gain Antenna Reflector Reaction Wheel TTC Antenna PITCH YAW ROLL
- 23. Mars Colour Camera (MCC) ( usead for optical imaging ) Has three color imaging sensor to obtain images of surface features and weather of Mars and its two Moons Phobos & Deimos Lyman Alpha Photometer (LAP) ( Study of Escape processes of Martian upper atmosphere through Deuterium/Hydrogen ) This is an absorption cell photometer which measures D/H (Deuterium to Hydrogen Ratio) in the Martian upper atmosphere. To Study the loss of water from the planet.
- 24. The Two spectrometers aboard - Mars Enospheric Neutral Composition Analyser (MENCA) ( To Study of the composition of Martian upper atmosphere ) This is a quadruple mass spectrometer based on proven CHACE (Chandra’s Altitudinal Composition Explorer) design used in Chandrayaan mission. - Thermal Infrared Imaging Spectrometer(TIS) ( To study surface composition and mineralogy ) Measures the thermal emission during day and night. With this Temperature and emissivity are estimated.
- 25. Methane Sensor for Mars (MSM) ( Detection of Methane ( CH4 ) presence ) MSM measures solar radiation reflected by Martian atmosphere. Works over illuminated scene only Derives spatial and temporal variations of Methane concentration in the Martian atmosphere
- 26. 1st image obtained within minutes after MOI 1st image fitted on Google Mars Atlas
- 27. 1st image of Martian Atmosphere obtained shortly after MOI
- 28. 1st image of Full disk of Mars obtained shortly after MOI Same image enhanced by a non-ISRO enthusiast identifies locations