Manufacturing Industries CLASS 10 GEPGRAPHY
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Manufacturing transforms raw materials into finished goods through processing. It is an important sector that contributes to economic development by providing jobs, income, and value-added products. The document outlines key industries like textiles, sugar, iron and steel, chemicals, cement, automobiles and information technology. It also discusses factors influencing industry location, classification of industries, issues like pollution, and measures to control pollution. Manufacturing is divided into primary, secondary and tertiary economic sectors and plays a vital role in modernizing agriculture and reducing poverty.
Manufacturing Industries CLASS 10 GEPGRAPHY
- 1. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES abdul shumz kv kanjikode 1
- 2. WHAT IS MANUFACTURING? Manufacturing is a production of goods in large quantities by processing raw materials into more valuable products. Like wood into paper, sugarcane into sugar, iron ore into iron and steel and bauxite into aluminium. abdul shumz kv kanjikode 2
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- 4. THREE SECTORS OF THE ECONOMY • Primary : Agriculture, Animal Rearing, Mining. • Secondary : Manufacturing ( steel industry, textiles). • Tertiary : Transport and other services. abdul shumz kv kanjikode 4
- 5. IMPORTANCE OF MANUFACTURING • Modernises agriculture. • Provides jobs. • Eradicates poverty. • Expands trade and commerce. • Contributes to national income. • Adds value to raw materials. • Promotes economic development. • Helps in the development of transports and communication and • Reduces regional disparity. abdul shumz kv kanjikode 5
- 6. GLOBALISATION AND INDUSTRY • It needs to be more efficient and competitive. • Needs international quality and standard to compete in the internationalmarket. abdul shumz kv kanjikode 6
- 7. Factors influencing location of industries. • Availability of land & raw materials • Capital • Labour • Power *marketing * communication • Transportation * markets • Services: bank, insurance, consultation • Policy of the govt. abdul shumz kv kanjikode 7
- 8. LOCATION OF INDUSTRIES abdul shumz kv kanjikode 8
- 9. CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIES BASIs TYPES OF INDUSTRIES EXAMPLES Source of raw material 1. Agro based industries. 2. Mineral based industries. Cotton textiles, rubber, sugar etc. Iron and steel, chemical etc. Ownership 1. Public sector 2. Private sector 3. Joint sector 4. Cooperative sector BHEL, SAIL TISCO, Bajaj Auto Ltd Oil India Ltd Sugar industry Main role 1. Basic or key industries 2. Consumer Industries Iron and steel, copper smelting, Sugar, tooth paste. Size of Industry or Basis of Capital Investment 1. Large scale industry 2. Small scale industry TISCO, oil refineries, Electrical industries Weight of Raw Material and Finished Products 1. Heavy industries 2. Light industries Iron and steel, electrical industries abdul shumz kv kanjikode 9
- 10. TEXTILE INDUSTRY 1. CHARACTERISTICS: • Contributs14% to industrial production. • Employs35 millionpersons directly. • Secondlargestafteragriculture. • Earns24.6%foreingexchange. • Contributs4% to GDP. • Selfreliant. 2. VALUEADDITION: • Fibreproduction– Rawfibre. • Spinning– Yarn • Weaving,Knitting – Fabrics • DyingFinishingandTailoring – Garments abdul shumz kv kanjikode 10
- 11. COTTON TEXTILES • In ancient India cotton textiles were produced by hand spinning and handloom weaving. • After powerloom’s invention, suffered set back. • 1600 cotton textile mills. • Mills in public and private sector. • Small looms. • Initial concentration in Maharashtra and Gujarat. • Creat demands for other industries like chemical and dyes, mill stores etc. • Provides living to farmers, boll pickers and workers in ginning, spinning etc. • Khadi provids large scle employment to weavers. • Cannot use much of the high quality yarns. • Second in the number of spindle after China in the world. abdul shumz kv kanjikode 11
- 12. PROBLEMS OF COTTON TEXTILE INDUSTRY • Weaving , knitting and processing cannot use all the quality yarns. • Yarn is exported. • Fabric is imported for garment/ apparel manufacturers. • Erratic power spully. • Upgradation of machine needed. • Low output of labour force. • Stiff competition. abdul shumz kv kanjikode 12
- 13. JUTE TEXTILES • Largest producer of jute and jute goods. • Second largest exporter. • 70 jute mills. • Located on Hugli. • Supported 2.61 lakh workers and 40 lakh farmers. abdul shumz kv kanjikode 13
- 14. Factors for Localisation of Jute industry • Nearness to jute produsing areas. • Cheap water and other transport facility. • Abundant water supply. • Cheap labour from West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh and other facilities of Kolkata. abdul shumz kv kanjikode 14
- 15. SUGAR INDUSTRY • Second largest producer. • First in Gur and Khand sari. • Raw material bulky. • Sugar content reduced during transport. • More than 460 factories. • Seasonal industry. • Ideally suited for cooperatives. • Major produces : Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andra Pradesh and Gujarat. abdul shumz kv kanjikode 15
- 16. IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY • Basic industry. • Steel is needed for making machine, tools and other items of use. • Its production and consumption as index of development. • Production of 32.8 million tons of steel per year. • Largest producer of sponge iron. • Per capita consumption is low, 32 Kg. abdul shumz kv kanjikode 16
- 17. Major industrial regions abdul shumz kv kanjikode 17
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- 19. ALUMINIUM INDUSTRY • Second most important metallurgical industry. • It is light, resistant to corrosion, good conducter, malleable. • Strong when mixed with other metals. • Uses – Aircrafts,utensils. • Substitute of steel, copper etc. • Production of 6 lakh tones into 2004. • Bauxite is the raw material. abdul shumz kv kanjikode 19
- 20. CHEMICAL INDUSTRY • Fast growing and diversifying. • Contributes 3% to GDP. • Third largest in Asia. • 12th in the world. • Large and small manufacturing units. • Two types of inorganic (Sulphuric acid used in fertilizer, plastics.) and organic (petrochemicals used in synthetic fibres, rubber etc.) • Inorganic chemical industry is widely distributed. • Organic located near oil refineries. • Uses its own products. • Processing of basic chemicals produces new chemicals. • Products used in industry, agriculture and consumer markets. abdul shumz kv kanjikode 20
- 21. CEMENT INDUSTRY • Essential for construction. • Requires bulky and heavy raw materials limestone, silica etc. • Requires coal and electricity. • Efficient transport. • First cement factory in 1904 at Chennai. • Decontrol in 1989 helped it to develop rapidly in capacity, technology and production. • Varity of cement. • 128 large and 332 mini plants. • Export of good quality cement- East Asia, Middle East Africa and South Asia. abdul shumz kv kanjikode 21
- 22. AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY • Provides vehicle for quick transport. • Truck, buses, cars, two and three wheeler vehicles are made at various centres. • After liberalisation their demand increased. • It stimulated industry’s growth. • Quantum jump in last 15 years. Foreign direct investment brought new technology. • 15 manufacture of cars,9 of commercial vehicles, 14 of two and three wheelers. abdul shumz kv kanjikode 22
- 23. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY 1. CHARACTERSTICSOF ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY : • Wide range of products from transister sets to television, mobiles, computeretc. • Bangalore as electronics capital. 2. CHARACTERSTICSOF INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY : • 18 software technology parks. • Employment generation. • Employed 1 million persons. • Number will increase eightfold in next three and four years. • 30% employees women. • Foreign exchange earner. • Continuing growth of software and hardware. abdul shumz kv kanjikode 23
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- 26. Industrial pollution • AIR Pollution: • Caused by higher proportion of undesirable gases as Carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide etc. • Affects: health, life, plants… • Water Pollution: • Caused by industrial effluents. • coal, dyes, soap, pesticides, fertilisers, plastic, rubber etc are polluting. • Principal industries like: Paper, textiles, chemicals, petrol, Refineries etc.Noise pollution & Land pollution abdul shumz kv kanjikode 26
- 27. Measures to control pollution • Land: • Minimise environmental degradation. • Careful planning • siting of industries • Better designs • Better equipment's • Better operation • AIR: • Fuel selection • Careful utilisation • Prevention of smoke • Reduced use of coal • Use aerosol emission equipment's like: filters, precipitators, scrubbers, inertial separators etc. abdul shumz kv kanjikode 27
- 28. Measures to control pollution • WATER: • 3 phases of water treatment before discharging: • Primary treatment by mechanical process • Secondary by biological process • Tertiary by biological, chemical & physical • 1st phase: includes screening, grinding, sedimentation • 2nd: use of biological methods • 3rd: includes use of recycling of water. abdul shumz kv kanjikode 28
- 29. Control of soil and land pollution • Involves 3 activities: • 1. Collection of waste • 2. dumping and disposing by land filling • 3. recycling for further use. abdul shumz kv kanjikode 29
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