MED 6-INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES on MASTERS

MED 6-INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES on MASTERS

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  MED 06 –INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN AND PLANNING
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  SYSTEM THEORY (KEYCONCEPTS) • Procedures and rules Systematic • All components respond when a single component manipulated Systemic • Feedback elements Cybernatic • Interdependence • Respond to environment • Synergistic – whole is greater than the sum of its part • Component must work together to achieve desired goals
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  How does systemapproach relate to instructional system? •Instructional process – is viewed as a system •Its purpose = bring about learning •After instruction episode a test may be administered
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  • If alearner’s performance is not satisfactory, change is needed to provide more effective instruction, so as to help a learner to achieve desired goals. • Components of instruction (learners, instruments, learning environment, content)
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  Input – process– output paradigm (IPO)
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  •Due to thecomplexity of instructional system, we have to design the instruction
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  What is ID? Processof solving instructional problem by systematic analysis of the conditions of learning
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  Performance Discrepancy Diagram
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  Example •Students’ performance inBiology subject •Actual performance vs desired performance? •Causes?
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  Three causes ofdiscrepancy •Limited resources (not allowed) •Lack of motivation (do not want to) •Lack of knowledge or/and skills (do not know how) Another person’s task Designer’s task
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  • What arethe preferred ID for learning typed involved? • What must happen for learning to occur? • How will content be presented? (video/LCD/web- based etc) • How to deliver system? • How to sequence and organise information?
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  •Describes general componentof a set of instruction materials and procedures to be used with materials to elicit certain learning outcomes •(As an answer to how to teach the content) Instructional design strategy
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  Selecting Methods, Media& Materials • Methods (a techniques or procedure used to help students learn) • Media (a means of providing a stimulus-rich environment for learning e.g., multimedia, video, text, real object etc) • Instructional materials (specific items used in a lesson and delivered through various media)
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  Selecting instructional methods •Cooperativelearning •Discovery •Problem solving •Simulation •Drill and practice • Tutorial • Presentation • Demonstration • Discussion
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  Selecting instructional media •Multimedia • Video • Graphics • Audio • Text • Real objects • Models
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  • What werethe reasons you use to make your selections? • Did you intensify any potential problems with your selection? • If so, what were those problems be? • What other methods and media could you also have selected? • Under what conditions would you switch to those alternatives?
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  Selecting instructional materials •The simplest way is to incorporate existing materials • Determine needs • Check a variety of sources • Obtain and preview material • Try the material • Compare any competing materials • Make your selection
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  Modifying available instructionalmaterials •If you cannot locate suitable materials, you may be able to modify what is available •It is more effective in terms of time, to modify the materials rather than developing it from scratch
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  Creating new instructionalmaterials • Refer to overall learning objectives (what needs to be constructed so that the activities are useful?) • Will the students need explanation, examples, non-example? • Will feedback be needed and how quickly should you deliver it?
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  •Put yourself in“learners’ shoes” • What would you want to experience in order to effectively learn this material? • Look for means to make materials relevant to students Creating new instructional materials
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  • Select theappropriate methods and media (by which students should experience your activities) • Outline your activities • Construct your material • Review the material to ensure that you make all needed changes Creating new instructional materials
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  THANK YOU FORLISTENING ! • Prepared By: SHENA L. CANO • Professor : JIMMY LAROYA