Medicinal plants and their uses
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Medicinal plants are abundant in the Philippines and can be easily cultivated. They grow in mountains, forests, backyards, and farms. Many plants have medicinal properties and can be used to treat illnesses in a cost-effective manner. The document provides guidelines for properly harvesting, storing, and using medicinal plants. It also lists several common plants used to treat ailments like cough, fever, gas, pain, and diabetes and includes instructions for preparing decoctions and other remedies from these plants.
Medicinal plants and their uses
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- 2. 1) They are abundant in the Philippines. 2) They can be easily cultivated in the backyard, in pots, on farms, and in the fields. 3) They abound in mountains and forests . 4) They are less expensive than the medicines found in drugstores. 5) The proper and safe use of medicinal plants will help the government to reduce importation of expensive drugs. 2
- 3. Introduction The use of medicinal plants is found in almost all cultures. In some, many types of plants are used. Some are efficacious and others are not. The science of botany originated in the study of medicinal plants. Chemistry, botany, and medicine were all considered one field until the 1700's. Many plant and fungal derivatives are important medicinally. The most important of the plant-derived compounds are terpenoids (such as steroids) and alkaloids. Substances such as anthraquinone glycosides as well as a variety of other types of glycosides are also widely used. 3
- 4. How can we use these plants for effective and beneficial use?????? =>Here are some guidelines recommended by DOH. 1) KEEP THE HARVESTED PLANTS MATERIALS CLEAN BY REMOVING DIRT AND FOREIGN SUBSTANCES. 2) IF WASHING IS NECESSARY, DO IT AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE AFTER HARVESTING. 3) DRY THE PLANT MATERIAL UNDER SHADE. IF PLANT MATERIALS ARE SUCCULENT, THEN CUT THEM INTO SMALL PIECES. 4) STORE DRIED MATERIAN IN COLOURED PLASTIC OR GLASS CONTAINERS PROPERLY COVERED AND PLACE THEN IN A COOL DRY AND ODOUR FREE ENVIRONMENT AWAY FROM SUNLIGHT. 5) PROPERLY LABEL THE CONTAINER WITH THE NAME OF THE PLANT AND THE DATE IT WAS PACKED. 4
- 5. 6) WELL DRIED AND STORED PLANT MATERIALS CAN BE USED UPTO SIX MONTHS AFTER COLLECTION. 7) DISCARD THE PLANT MATERIAL IF THERE ARE MOULDS OR OTHER SIGNS WICH SHOW THAT THEY ARE ROTTEN. 8) OBSERVE CLEANLINESS IN THE PREPARATION OF MEDICINES FROM PLANTS. 9) IN THE ABSENCE OF WEIGHING SCALE, USE TABLESPOON TO DETERMINE THE AMOUNT OF PLANT MATERIAL NEEDED. 10) USE ONLY EARTHEN WARE POTS, ENAMEL, OR ANY UTENSIL EXCEPT THE ALLUMINIUM KIND{METAL}. 11) USE THE PLANT AS RECOMMENDED. 12) USE THE MEDICINAL PLANTS ACCORDIND TO THE DOSAGE AND DIRECTION RECOMMENDED. 13) FOR EACH SYMPTOM OF DIESEASE, USE ONLY ONE KIND OF MEDICINAL PLANT AT A TIME. 5
- 6. LAGUNDI YERBA BUENA SAMBONG TSAANG GUBAT 6
- 7. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH RECOMENDS THE FOLLOWING MEDICINAL LANTS FOR COMMON AILMENTS WHICH CAN BE PREPARED BY DECOCTION: GUAVA ACAPULCO ULASIMANG BATO GARLIC 7
- 8. Preparation: • Wash the leaves very well and chop them • Boil the leaves into 2 glasses of water for 15 mins. Or until only about 1 glass of water is left. • Do not cover the earthen part. • Cool and strain amount of chopped leaves needed Adults- 4 tbsp. Children 7-12 yrs old – 2tbsp. Children 2-6 yrs. old – 1 tbsp. Use: • Cough and Asthma -Divide decoction into 3 parts -Drink 1 part in the morning, 1 part at noon, 1 part in the evening. • Fever -Drink each part every 4 hours. For: Asthma Cough Fever 8
- 9. Preparation: • Wash the leaves thoroughly and chop. • Measure 2 glasses of water and 1 glass of chopped leaves. • Boil in low fire for 15 mins. In an earthen part without a cover. • Amount of Chopped Leaves Needed: Adults- 6tbsp, freshly chopped leaves or 4 tbsp, dried leaves Children 7-12 yrs. Old- ½ of the amount adults need Use: Gas Pain & Fever • Divide decoction in 3 parts. • Drink each part in the morning, at noon, and at night. Joint Pains, rheumatism • Fresh leaves may also be pounded. • Heat them slightly. • Apply on affected joints at night or any time pain is felt.For: Painful parts of the body 9
- 10. PREPARATION • Boil in a low fire, the water and chopped leaves in an earthen pot without cover for 15 mins. • Cool and strain • Amounts of Leaves Needed Adults- 6 tbsp of freshly chopped leaves; 4 tbsp of dried leaves Children 7-12 yrs old – ½ of the amount for adults Use: -Divide decoction into 3 parts -Drink each part in the morning, at noon, and at night. For: Diuretic Edema, “Pantunaw ng bato10
- 11. Preparation: • Wash leaves thoroughly and chop • Measure 2 glasses of water. • Boil in low fire the water and chopped leaves in an earthen pot without cover for 15 mins. • Cool and strain • Amounts of Leaves Needed Adults- 4 tbsp of freshly chopped leaves; 3 tbsp of dried leaves Children 7-12 yrs old – ½ of the amount for adults. Use: -Divide decoction into 3 parts -Drink one part every 4 hours. 11
- 12. Preparation: • Wash leaves thoroughly and chop • Boil in low fire with four glasses in an earthen pot without cover for 15 mins. For: Cleaning wounds, mouth infection, swollen gums, decayed tooth, dizziness, diarrhea 12
- 13. Preparation: • Pound enough amount of fresh leaves Use: Apply the juices of the leaves over the affected area 1 to 2 times a day. For: Tinea flava, ringworm, athlete’s foot, galis-aso 13
- 14. Preparation: SALAD • Wash the leaves thoroughly • Prepare 1 ½ cup of fresh leaves (not compressed) • Divide into 3 parts and eat each part in the morning, at noon, and at night. Decoction: • Wash the leaves thoroughly. • Prepare 1 ½ cup of fresh leaves and add 2 glasses of water. • Boil in low fire for fifteen mins. In an earthen pot without a cover. • Cool and strain. • Divide into 3 parts and drink each part in the morning, at noon, and at night. Used to lower the uric acid in the blood 14
- 15. Preparation: • Saute in a little hard. • Grill • Soak in vinegar for 30 minutes or 5 minutes. Use: Eat two cloves three times daily after meal. Lowers cholesterol (high blood pressure) 15
- 16. Preparation: • Get the dry and fresh seeds. • Amount of Seeds Needed: Adults-8-10 seeds Children 7-12 years old – 6-7 seeds 6-8 years old- 5-6 seeds 4-5 years old- 4-5 seeds Use: • Eat the seeds two hours after dinner. • If there is no effect after the first use, repeat taking the same dosage after one week For: Ascaris 16
- 17. Preparation: • Clean the leaves thoroughly and chop. • Measure 6 tablespoons of chopped leaves and 2 glasses of water. • Boil in an earthen pot under low fire for 15 minutes and without cover. • Cool and strain. Use: • Drink 1/3 cup three times daily, 30 minutes before eating. • The first leaves may be steamed and be eaten (1/2 glass, 2 times daily) For: Diabetes Mellitus (mild, non-insulin dependent) 17
- 18. History of medicinal plants The Greeks The Greeks made many significant contributions to medicine. The number of effective medicinal plants came to be about 300-400 species. Hippocrates (460-377 B.C.), Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) and Theophrastus (372-287 B.C.) essentially started the science of botany. 18
- 19. Dioscorides The most significant contribution however, was from Dioscorides (ca. 40-90 A.D.) He wrote a 5 volume work, De materia medica, that became the standard work for 1500 years. Because of later historical developments and the fact that Europe went into intellectual decline, the book was blindly followed and accepted without question until the fifteenth century. 19
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