Medicinal plants - For BAMS students
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1. Apamarga (Achyranthes aspera) is an erect, much branched shrub with thickened branches above nodes and opposite, velvety leaves. Its roots, seeds and whole plant are used medicinally. It is classified as shirovirechanopaga, krimighna, and vamanopaga. 2. Ardraka (Zingiber officinale) is an erect perennial herb with aromatic rhizome. Its rhizome is used and has properties like katu, ushna, and madhura vipaka. It is useful for conditions like triphala, arshoghna, and trishna nigraha
Medicinal plants - For BAMS students
- 1. Apamarga- Aragwadha – Ardraka For BAMS students
- 2. Apamarga • Achyranthes aspera • Amaranthaceae • Synonyms- Kapipippali,Prathyakpushpi, Mayuraka , Sikhari, Kinihi Classical categorisation Charaka – Shirovirechanopaga, krimighna, vamanopaga • Susrutha- Arkadi • Vagbhata- Arkadi
- 3. Varieties • All nighantus Shwetha and Rakta Kayyadeva-Apamarga, Vasira and Ramatha varieties
- 4. Morphology • An erect much branched diffuse shrub with quadrangular striate pubescent branches thickened just above the nodes . • Leaves are simple, opposite, exstipulate , velvety tomentose , orbicular, ovate or elliptic. • Flowers bracteate or bracteolate , greenish in slender spikes ,45cms long . • Fruits- Easily disarticulating urticle • Seeds – Single, inverse
- 6. • Part used – Root, seed, leaf, whole plant . • Chemical constituents – Betaine, Achyranthine, Hentriacontane , Ecdysterone • Guna karma vijnana
- 7. Guna karma vijnana • Rasa – Katu, tikta • Guna- Laghu, rooksha, theekshna • Veerya- Ushna • Vipaka – Katu • Write DK, BK and RK- Yourself • Dosage – Fresh juice – 10-20 ml • Kshara – 0.5- 2 GMS • Yogas – Apamarga kshara taila
- 8. Ardraka/ Shunthi Zingiber officinale Zingiberaceae Synonyms- Nagara , Shringavera, Vishwa, Vishwabheshaja , Katubhadra , Mahaushadha Classical categorisation Charaka – Thripthighna , Arshoghna, Dipaniya, Sula prashamana, thrishna nigraha Susrutha- Pippalyadi, Trikatu Vagbhata - Pippalyadi
- 9. Morphology • An erect perennial herb with aromatic rhizome • Stem- Erect, leafy, 15-150cms tall • Leaves- Subsessile, linear lanceolate , acuminate, glabrous • Flowers- Shoot up to 12 cms long , clothed with sheaths , light green bracts and corolla tube light yellow with orbicular lip , dull purple with creamy blotches
- 11. • Part used – Rhizome • Chemical constituents – Alpha curcumene , beta curcumene , d- borneal, citral, d- camphene , zingerone,zingiberol, gingerol etc Gunakarmavijnana
- 12. Ardraka – Prayoga and contraindications
- 13. Gunakarma vijnana • Rasa- Katu • Guna- Laghu, snigdha • Veerya- Ushna • Vipaka – Madhura • DK, BK, RK- Write yourself based on evidence
- 14. Ardraka/ Nagara • Dosage • Fresh juice – 5-10ml • Powder- 1-2 gms • Yogas- Ardraka rasayana , Nagaradi kashaya , Ardraka ghritha , Soubhagya shunthi
- 15. Arjuna • Terminalia arjuna • Combretaceae • Synonyms – Indradru , Kakubha, Viravriksha , Nadisarja etc Classical categorisation • Charaka – Udarda prashamana , Kashaya skandha • Susrutha – Nyagrodhadi, Saalasaradi • Vagbhata- Viratarvadi, Nyagrodhadi gana, Asanadi gana
- 16. Varieties • Arjuna- Terminalia arjuna (white) • Kakubha – Terminalia tomentosa ( black) Morphology • A large tree with dark bark with buttressed trunk and spreading crown with droo[ping branches • Bark flakes off in large flat pieces • Leaves- Simple, opposite, oblong or elliuptic , coriaceous, pale dull green above , pale brown beneath, often unequal sided
- 17. Morphology • Nerves – 10-15 pairs , reticulate • Flowers – White in panicles of spikes with linear bracteoles • Fruits- Ovoid or oblong with 5-7 short hard angles or wings , the lines on wings are oblique and curving upwards.
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- 19. Guna karma • Useful part – Stem bark • Chemical constituents – Arachidic stearate, Cerasidin , Arjunic acid, Arjunetin, Arjunolone , Tannins Gunakarmavijnana “ Kakubha: Sheethalo hridya: kshathakshaya vishaasrajit Medomeha vranaan hanthi tuvara: kaphapittahrit” ( BP)
- 20. Guna karma vijnana • Rasa – Kashaya • Guna- Laghu, Ruksha • Virya- Sheeta • Vipaka – Katu • DK, BK and RK – Write yourself from evidence
- 21. • Powder – Dosage 3-6gms • Decoction – 50-100 ml • Important preparations – Arjunaarishta, Arjuna ghritha