Medieval Art. Romanesque and Gothic.pdf
- 1. Medieval art Romanesque and Gothic styles
- 3. The Romanesque artistic style developed in feudal Europe between the 11th and 13th centuries. The most important Romanesque buildings were churches and monasteries, filled with paintings and sculptures that depicted passages from the Bible to a largely illiterate population. Vocabulary: - to depict: representar - illiterate: analfabeto - sought (past of seek): buscaba - hence: de ahí - to strength: fortalecer Romanesque art and culture was deeply religious and sought to strengthen people's Christian beliefs. The style adapted some Roman elements (semi-circular arch and vault) and developed alongside the Romance languages, hence the origin of its name
- 4. The Romanesque style spread across Europe thanks to: - The cult of the relic (part of the body or object belonging to a saint), which were kept and venerated in churches. - Pilgrimage routes to a sacred place, because Romanesque art initially developed along the routes.
- 6. Definition of vault: an arched structure that forms a ceiling Barrel vault: ceiling or roof consisting of a series of semi-circular arches, divided into sections by arches. In Spanish: bóveda de cañón) The central nave of the Church of La Madeleine in Veselay (France).
- 7. Groin vault: the intersection of two barrel vault resulted in the groin vault. It is much lighter and is supported by four pillars that transmit the vault’s weight onto the exterior walls. Abbey Church of Sainte-Foy, France
- 8. San Martín de Frómista (Palencia)
- 9. Sculpture, like painting, was used to teach the Christian doctrine. To convey these teachings, sculptures were put in visible places in churches: doorways, capitals, doorframes, columns, corbels, cornices, etc. Most sculptures had a religious, symbolic and spiritual theme, but some were scenes of everyday life that give us an idea of what feudal society was like. Romanesque Sculpture
- 10. Romanesque Sculpture The Virgin of Vico, in Arnedo (La Rioja), 12th Century. The Batlló Majesty, in Barcelona, 12th Century. Free-standing sculpture (religious carvings made of wood and brightly colored polychrome were found in church altars)
- 11. Historiated capitals (video- introduction) https://www.khanacademy.org/ humanities/medieval-world/roma nesque1/v/capitals-church-of-sa nt-miquel-early-13th-century The apostles on the Portico of Glory in Santiago de Compostela, 12th Century. After restoration: http://www.rtve.es/alacarta/video s/telediario/td2-280618-portico/46 48399/ Raising of Lazarus, in San Juan de la Peña monastery (Huesca). Massacre of the Innocents, Santa Cecilia. Aguilar del Campoo (Palencia)
- 12. Moissac Abbey, France In the tympanum, above the portal, is represented Christ in Majesty (sitting on a throne). In the lintel, doorframe and archivolts scenes from the bible, figures of apostles or saints, animals and geometric motifs. Entrances: a stone Bible
- 13. Romanesque Painting Royal Pantheon in the Basilica of San Isidoro (León) The functions of Romanesque painting were educational (to teach the faithful), moralising (helping people to distinguish right from wrong) and decorative (to cover the cold, stone walls). Types of paintings: Frescos, panel paintings and miniatures.
- 14. Hermitage of San Baudelio de Berlanga (Soria) https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermita_de_San_Baudelio_de_Berlanga https://www.museodelprado.es/coleccion/obra-de-arte/elefante-ermita-de-san-baudelio-casillas-de/ce77333 2-e8dd-447c-bd22-b57c0778a120 ia.org/wiki/Ermita_de_San_Baudelio_de_Berlanga
- 15. Illuminated manuscript page from a collection of psalms, 1300. Miniatures were important for decorating and illustrating religious books or manuscripts. Manuscripts had no indexes. In order to find pages quickly, copyists drew coloured pictures, which represented the theme of the text, at the beginning of paragraphs. Monks transcribing texts in a scriptorium, depicted in a painting from 1040.
- 17. The Gothic artistic style developed in the High and Late Middle Ages (12-15th centuries), a time of economic and urban growth that led to: - Increased in education - spread of vernacular languages - development of schools - first universities - new role of the Church The courtyard of the University of Salamanca, Spain’s first University
- 18. Economic and population growth in cities led to the need for new buildings such as: - palaces for nobles and merchants - city halls for local governments - marketplaces for merchants - cathedrals, which became the centre and symbol of the cities. Cloth Hall in Brugges (Belgium, 13th Century) Gothic Architecture
- 22. Amiens Cathedral, France The pointed arches join the ribbed vaults at the top. Ribbed vault, formed by the intersection of two pointed arches that were supported by four columns. They weight of the roof did not rest directly on the walls, so weight of the roof did not rest directly on the walls, so large stained glass and rose Windows were possible.
- 23. A cathedral under construction.
- 24. Catedral-Basílica de Santa María en Palma de Mallorca
- 26. Cathedral of Milan (Duomo di Milano)
- 27. Cathedral of Köln (Cologne, Germany)
- 28. Gothic Sculpture Sculptures continued to be used as decoration and to convey religious messages on façades (porticos) and in cloisters (capital of columns), but altarpieces and sepulchres (tombs) were also made. Freestanding sculptures with religious themes and portraits of kings and nobles became more common. Gothic sculpture developed realistic features: - Faces expresed feelings. Sculptures depicted portraits of real people. - Sculptures were not isolated figures. They appeared less rigid when interacting with other sculptures, and could be used as parts of different scenes and narratives. - sense of movement
- 29. The White Virgin, Toledo Cathedral, 14th Century The smiling angel on the façade of Reims Cathedral, 13th Century.
- 30. Main altarpiece (on the left), and the funeral monument for Alfonso son of John II and brother of Isabella I of Castile (below), by Gil de Siloé, both located in Miraflores Charterhouse, Burgos.
- 31. In Gothic churches, walls were replaced by large windows. This reduced the space for fresco paintings on the walls, and panel painting (altarpieces) became more common. Gothic painting What is panel painting? A panel is a rigid wooden board that can be moved. It is called a diptych, triptych or polyptych, depending on the number of panels (two, three and more than three respectively). Robert Campin: The Entombment, 15tth century.
- 32. The Descent from the Cross, oil painting by Rogier van der Weyden, 15th Century. (it was the central part of a three-piece panel painting - triptych)
- 33. Imaginar el mundo desde un monasterio. San Baudelio de Berlanga. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQSgX72iAsg Pintura Gótica Española en el Museo del Prado https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tvWcsUbgJ1I Pintura Gótica Española en el Museo del Prado: "La mirada eterna: santo o tótem" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bJMQc8i5X-Q