Erlang and XMPP can be used together in several ways: 1. Erlang is well-suited for implementing XMPP servers due to its high concurrency and reliability. ejabberd is an example of a popular Erlang XMPP server. 2. The XMPP protocol can be used to connect Erlang applications and allow them to communicate over the XMPP network. Libraries like Jabberlang facilitate writing Erlang XMPP clients. 3. XMPP provides a flexible messaging backbone that can be extended using Erlang modules. This allows Erlang code to integrate with and enhance standard XMPP server functionality.