Metamaterial based antenna with application to real life system

METAMATERIAL BASED ANTENNA WITH APPLICATION TO REAL
LIFE SYSTEM
Presented by
Mr. Kiran Ajetrao
1

CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Literature survey and findings from literature review
• Problem Statement and Motivation
• Objectives
• Limitations and challenges
• Importance of research work and self contribution
• Research work and methodology
• Accomplished work
• Effect of SRR on monopole
• Metamaterial Based Square Bludgeon Shape Antenna for WLAN and WiMAX
Applications
• PSDSR and PSDCR antenna
• SPSSR and SPSCR band-notch antenna
• Metamaterial characteristics: S-Parameter Extraction method
• Fabricated antennas and Implementation of antenna for Wi-Fi device
• Publication
• Conclusion and future scope
• References
2

PUBLICATIONS TO BE REFERRED
1. Kiran V. Ajetrao and A. P. Dhande, “Review on Metamaterial and its Application as Antenna”, Proceedings of Sixth
International Conference onAdvances in Engineering and Technology AET 2015.
2. K. V. Ajetrao and A. P. Dhande, “Study of Metamaterials and Analysis of Split Ring Resonators to Design Multiband and
UWB Antennas”, Grenze International Journal of Engineering and Technology, Volume 2 No 2 , July 2016.
3. K. V. Ajetrao and A. P. Dhande, “Concept and use of Split Ring Resonator as a Metamaterial in multiband and UWB
antenna”, Proceedings of IEEE sponsored National Conference on Electronic materials Thin Films and its Applications.
(Published in Journal of Research in Electroniics).
4. K. V. Ajetrao, A. P. Dhande. “Metamaterial based Multiband and UWB Antenna Using Split Ring Resonator Concept”, IOSR
Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering, e-ISSN: 2278-2834,p- ISSN: 2278-8735.Volume 12, Issue 4, Ver. III
(Jul.-Aug. 2017), PP 43-48.
5. K. V. Ajetrao, A. P. Dhande, “Significance of Split Ring Resonator to Design Multiband Operation by Coupling with
Monopole”, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, Volume 13, 2017 pp. 647-650
6. K. V. Ajetrao, A. P. Dhande, “Metamaterial Based Square Bludgeon shape antenna for WLAN and WiMAX Applications”
Accepted for publication of June 2018 Issue, Helix Journal, The scientific Explorer (ESCI, WOS INDEXED)
7. K. V. Ajetrao, A. P. Dhande “Phi shape UWB antenna with Band notch characteristics” , Accepted for publication in
Engineering, Technology and Applied science Research, under publication process of Vol. 8, No. 4, August 2018 issue, (ESCI
and WOS indexed)
3

INTRODUCTION
4
● Metamaterials are highly
inhomogeneous structures
composed of periodic or
random arrangements of
scattering elements inside a
host medium.
[Nader Engheta, Richard W. Ziolkowski,
“Metamaterials Physics and Engineering
Explorations” A John Wiley & Sons , Inc.,
Publications, 2006]
Epsilon Negative Double Positive
Double Negative Mu Negative
[Slyusar V.I.“METAMATERIALS ON ANTENNA SOLUTIONS”,
Antenna theory and Techniques 2009]
WHAT IS METAMATERIAL?

NATURAL METAMATERIAL
5
[Wanlin Wang, Guo Ping Wang*, Wang Zhang*
and Di Zhang Reversible thermochromic response
based on photonic crystal structure in butterfly
wing. Nanophotonics; 7(1): 217–227 , 2018]

CONT..
6
[Zhongsheng Chen, Bin Guo, Yongmin Yang, congcong, “Metamaterials-based enhanced energy
harvting: A review”, Physica B: Condensed Matter Volume 438, 1 April 2014, Pages 1-8]

CONT….
7
[Dr. Smith Metamaterial PPT]

CONT…..
● Metamaterial provide engineerable permittivity, permeability, and refractive index
● find its applications in lenses, phase shifters, wave impedance matching, resonators,
absorbers and interesting application as invisible cloaks. ANTENNA
● Multiband communication systems are essential requirements for modern technologies
and have a vast range of applications including satellite communications,
WLAN/Mobile communications, and on-body communications
● Split Ring Resonator (SRR) along with monopole antenna is used to generate multiple
bands and UWB antenna. SRR shows Metamaterial properties.
● Research is carried out in UWB frequency range.
8

MTM BASED ANTENNA CLASSIFICATION
● Dispersion relation resonant or CRLH based antennas
● Electrically Small antennas using metamaterial loading.(MNG ENG are basic
unit cells)
● Antennas loaded with metasurfaces like RIS, EBG, Mushroom structures, AMC
● Metaresonator antennas based on SRR and CSRR
Multiband and UWB antennas using Split Ring Resonators.
9
[Yuandan Dong, and Tatsuo Itoh, “Metamaterial-Based Antennas”, Proceedings of the IEEE | Vol. 100, No. 7, July 2012]
[Kiran V. Ajetrao and A. P. Dhande, “Review on Metamaterial and its Application as Antenna”,
Proceedings of Sixth International Conference on Advances in Engineering and Technology AET 2015]

LITERATURE SURVEY FLOW DIAGRAM
10

LITERATURE SURVEY ANALYSIS
11
0
10
20
30
40
50
0
5
10
15
20
25
Basics of MTM
MTM classification and applications
MTM antennas using SRR and CSRR
MTM multiband antenna
MTM UWB antenna
MTM band notch antennas
MTM properties calculation
CRLH MTM antennas

THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL DEVELOPMENT OF METAMATERIAL
12
Author Findings from literature
V. G. Veselago 1968
Given mathematical analysis but failed to prove
experimentally
A. M. Nicolson, G. F. Ross 1970
Mathematical approach to prove MTM known as
Nicoson-Ross Weir (NRW)method
J. B. Pendry, A. J. Holden, D. J. Robbins and W. J.
Stewart 1998, 1999
Used array of thin wire structures to demonstrate NRI
metamaterial properties and developed SRR structure
from it.
D. R. Smith, Willie J. Padilla, 2000
J.B. Pendry-2000
R. A. Shelby -2001
These three researchers contributed in demonstrating the
MNG and ENG metamaterials giving the NRI.
Pendry created NRI lens and Shelby demonstrated the
backward wave propagation in MTM
Richard W. Ziolkowski -2003
Nader Engheta
T. Itoh,
Contributed to explore many other
applications of MTM

MTM USING SPLIT RING RESONATOR
13
Author Findings from Literature
Silvio Hrabar -2002
K. Aydin - 2007
Given the analysis of SRR
Philippe Gay Balmaz and Olivier
J. F. Martin 2007
J. Y. Chen, W. L. Chen -2009
Miguel Durán-Sindreu -2012
Contributed in the various configurations of SRR
Christophe Caloz, and Tatsuo Itoh
Yuandan Dong
Mark Wartak,
Dimitrios K. Ntaikos
M. Yazdi and N. Komjani
Chinmoy Saha, Jawad Y. Siddiqui
and Yahia M. M. Antar
Debdeep Sarkar
These are the few well known researchers presently working in the
area of MTM type multiband and UWB antennas.
They have explored the different types of metamaterial and its use in
enhancement of BW, gain , directivity of antennas.
Few papers are published on the band notch
characteristics of antenna

FINDINGS FROM LITERATURE REVIEW
● The multiband antennas with smaller size can be achieved by using the shorting pin
concept however the smaller size multiband antenna faces disadvantages of non-stable
radiation pattern, narrow bandwidth and reduced gain
● The metamaterial antennas can be designed by modifying the structural shapes and
dimensions giving reduction in size of antenna. This gives scope for innovative antenna
design.
● AMC and EBG type of metamaterial unit cells minimizes the surface waves of antenna
and achieve zero reflection phase for antennas.
● Concept of split ring resonators can be used to design multiband antenna and UWB
antenna. This creates the problem in tuning the metamaterial to the desired band of
frequency
● Multiband and UWB antennas is need of todays wireless communication.
● UWB with band-notch is also todays demand of wireless communication.
14

CONT….
● The mathematical modelling for the designed antenna will be challenge and can be
taken as research challenge to extend the proposed work.
● Proving metamaterial properties for the designed antenna is one more gap
identified to further explore the work.
● The S-parameters extraction method for computing the metamaterial properties is
correct method. The errors in calculation may be assumption of branch function
which is referred as branch ambiguity.
● Bandwidth and gain enhancement will be achieved with the help of metamaterial
antennas.
● Fabrication and testing the antenna in real environment is challenging.
● Implementation of designed antenna in real life applications by connection with
external cables and connectors is challenging
15

GAPS
16
Methodology Advantage Gaps
NRI metamaterials [16] Five times Smaller in size comparred
to free space wavelength
Complex design and fabrication
DNG unit cells [20][ 21][82] Multiband antenna designs Non-stable radiation pattern
Sensitive to CLL and CLS
dimensions
Antennas with split ring resonator,
complementary split ring
resonators[37][44][58]
Improvement in bandwidth
Scope for design of multiband and
UWB antennas
Large size
Sensitive to placing of unit cell
resonators
Sensitive to unit cell dimensions
dimension

GAPS
17
Methodology Advantage Gaps
RIS, EBG mushroom structure, AMC
[23] [24][27] [32][ 36][ 39][ 49]
Minimizes surface wave
Improves the antenna gain
Satisfactory radiation pattern
Complex design
Unit cells need to be arranged in
matrix form.
CRLH-TL, NRI-TL type metamaterials
[3][28] [90][102] [103] [104][111]
Useful in design of microwave
passive devices and filters.
More losses and narrow
bandwidth
ESA, MNG, ENG
[64]
Gives high Q
Good impedance matching,
small size
Improved Bandwidth
Non stable radiation pattern
Complex design
Shorting pin concept with different
slots on radiating patch [106]
Small size antennas Low gain
Non stable radiation pattern
Narrow bandwidth

PROBLEM STATEMENT AND MOTIVATION
Due to the rapid development of the wireless communications, we need antennas for
communication which are efficient in terms of,
● Small size.
● Multiband antennas.
● Ultra wide band antennas.
● Well radiation characteristics.
● Antennas with very good return loss.
● Sufficient Bandwidth and gain
● Ease in design
Antenna with metamaterial characteristics giving
● Negative permeability
● Or Negative permittivity
● Or both negative permeability and permittivity
18

OBJECTIVES
● Design and study of Metamaterial (MTM) based antennas.
● Design and simulation of MTM based multiband antennas
● Design and simulation of MTM based ultra wide band antennas
● Verification of Metamaterial properties
● Empirical modeling and formulation
● Analysis of simulated results
● Fabrication and Testing of antenna using VNA.
● Validation of results.
● Implementation of antenna.
19

LIMITATIONS AND CHALLENGES
● Difficulty in getting low loss and desired thickness substrate
● Access and availability of precise fabrication facility
● Access and availability of testing equipment's like VNA for higher frequencies
● Availability of Measurement setup
● Challenge: mathematical modelling for the designed antenna with its
validation
20

IMPORTANCE OF THE PROPOSED RESEARCH WORK
● Small size.
● Multiband characteristics
● Ultra wide band antennas with band notch characteristics
● Good radiation pattern and return loss.
● Ease in design shapes using SRR metamaterial
● Good Receiver antenna as well as Transmitter antenna for low power
applications.
● Finding applications in 5G.
21

SELF CONTRIBUTION
● Antennas designed in this work are novel and empirical mathematical
modeling is provided.
● The design of square shape SRR is applicable to circular or any other shape
SRR
● The metamaterial properties for the antenna are verified, giving the negative
permittivity and permeability.
● Good agreement between the measured and simulated results.
● Fabricated antenna is implemented for WiFi device successfully.
22

RESEARCH WORK AND METHODOLOGY
23

ACCOMPLISHED WORK
1. Effect of SRR on Monopole antenna.
2. Metamaterial based Square Bludgeon Shape Antenna for WLAN and Wi-MAX
Applications.
3. Phi Shape Dual Square Ring (PSDSR) and Phi Shape Dual Circular Ring (PSDCR)
multiband antennas for Wi-Fi application.
4. Split Phi(Φ) Shape Square Ring (SPSSR) antenna and Split Phi(Φ) Shape
Circular Ring (SPSCR) Band Notch antennas in UWB range.
5. Implementation of antenna
24

SRR AND ITS EFFECT ON MONOPOLE
25
Frequency
Return
Loss(dB)
VSWR
Band
width
Impedance
Measured Result 3.11 GHz -20.2 1.24 640MHz 47Ω
Simulated Result 3.0 GHZ -18.31 1.27 300MHz 56 Ω

MULTIBAND ANTENNA USING SRR
27

RESULT
28
Simulated (0.4mm) Measured (0.4mm)
Frequency(GHz) S11(dB) Frequency(GHz) S11(dB)
M1 3.1 -30.19 3.086 -26.14
M2 4.4 -27.37 4.680 -13.30
M3 6.9 -7.88 6.510 -13.33
M4 8.6 -3.11 8.501 -14.93

RESULT
29
Simulated Measured
Frequency
(GHz)
VSWR Frequency
(GHz)
VSWR
M1 3.1 1.0638 3.086 1.104
M2 4.6 1.0894 4.680 1.550
M3 6.9 2.36 6.510 1.554
M4 8.6 --- 8.501 1.441

SRR ON BOTH SIDES
30
Simulated(0.5) Measured(0.5)
Freq
GHz
S11(dB) Freq
(GHz)
S11(dB)
1 3.1 -12.62 3.212 -35.19
2 4.4 -27.37 4.010,
4.77
-15.62
3 6.9 -11.17 6.558 -9.74
4 8.6 -4.11 8.636 -25.70

FABRICATED ANTENNAS AND MEASUREMENT SET-UP
31
[Kiran Ajetrao, A. P. Dhande, “Significance of Split Ring Resonator to Design Multiband
Operation by Coupling with Monopole”, International Journal of Applied Engineering
Research , 2018..]
Paper to be referred

MTM BASED SQUARE BLUDGEON SHAPE (SBS) ANTENNA
32
VARIABLE Dimension
in mm
X 72
X1 3
Y 23
Y1 6.5
Y2 19.5
Y3 7.7
Thickness of
SRR (t)
0.7
Gap between
SRR (gx)
0.3
Slit gap of SRR 0.3
Multiband Antenna
Antenna
parameters.
SQUARE BLUDGEON SHAPE ANTENNA
SIMULATED RESULTS MEASURED RESULTS
Frequency(GHz) 3.1 4.7 6.2 7.8 3 4.7 6.5 7.8
Bandwidth(GHz) 1 1.4 0.3 0.7 1.05 1.4 0.35 1.1
S11(dB) -20.68 -23.03 -16.37 -11.98 -23.59 -20.74 -25.63 -11.59
VSWR 1.20 1.15 1.35 1.67 1.14 1.20 1.13 1.6
Impedance (Ω) 42 44 67 50 71.82 51.41 31.11 45.36

SQUARE BLUDGEON SHAPE (SBS) UWB ANTENNA.
35
CSRR radius 2.9mm with 0.4mm width.
The slit gap of 0.5mm.
CSRR are separated by 9.4mm
from their centers
EXCEL

SIMULATED AND MEASURED RESULTS OF SBS UWB ANTENNA.
36

COMPARISON BETWEEN SBS MULTIBAND AND UWB ANTENNA
37
Antenna
parameters.
WITH CSRR
Frequency(GHz) 3.1 4.7 6.2 7.8 3.0 6.4 8.2 9.1
Bandwidth(GHz) 1 1.4 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.2 1.8 0.4
S11(dB) -20.68 -23.03 -16.37 -11.98 -14.82 -19.64 -22.22 -12.40
VSWR 1.20 1.15 1.35 1.67 1.44 1.23 1.16 1.63
Impedance (Ω) 42 44 67 50 31 33 33 38

FABRICATED SBS MULTIBAND AND UWB ANTENNA
38
[Kiran Ajetrao, A. P. Dhande, “Metamaterial Based Square Bludgeon Shape Antenna for WLAN
and WiMAX Applications”, Helix Vol. 8(4): 3442- 3447, 2018 Helix ISSN 2319 – 5592 (Online)]

PHI SHAPE DUAL SQUARE RING (PSDSR)
AND
PHI SHAPE DUAL CIRCULAR RING (PSDCR) ANTENNAS
39

PSDSR AND PSDCR ANTENNA
40
Parameter Phi(Φ) shape dual
square ring (PSDSR)
antenna dimensions
Phi(Φ) shape dual
circular ring
(PSDCR) antenna
dimensions
L1 72mm 72mm
L2 23mm 23mm
L 19.5mm 19.5mm
M 3mm 3mm
Y1 7.9mm 7.9
W 6.5mm 6.5mm
Ring
length
38mm (ringx=9.5mm) 38mm(R1=6.05mm)
𝐭 1.1mm 1.1mm
𝐠𝟏 0.7mm 0.7mm
𝐡 1.6mm 1.6mm

41
3.05GHz,
5.03GHz,
8.18GHz
10.67GHz
PSDCR
3.15GHz,
5.31GHz,
8.57GHz
9.95GHz
PSDSR

42
Band Parameters PSDSR antenna PSDCR antenna Difference and error %
1st Band
Centre frequency (GHz) 3.1558GHz 3.04GHz
0.11GHz
3.49%
Frequency Band (GHz) 2.82 - 3.76 2.68 - 4.0
Band width in MHz 939.7MHz 1320MHz
S11 in dB -17.01dB -34.63dB
VSWR 1.32 1.03
Impedance (Ω) 38 49
2nd Band
0.28GHz
5.27%
Freuency Band (GHz) 4.48-5.97 4.0 - 5.75
Band width in MHz 1492MHz 1750MHz
S11 in dB -36.75dB -28.07dB
VSWR 1.03 1.08
Impedance Ω 50 53
3rd Band
0.39GHz
4.5%
Freuency Band (GHz) 7.68-8.84 7.69-9.46
S11 in dB -28.66dB -14.69
VSWR 1.07 1.45
Impedance Ω 47 60
4th Band
0.72GHz
7.23%
Frequency Band(GHz) 9.12-11.61 9.46-11.5
S11 in dB -21.62GHz -15.49dB
VSWR 1.18 1.40
Impedance Ω 43 69

SIMULATED AND MEASURED RESULTS
44
EXCEL

FABRICATED ANTENNAS AND ITS GAIN CURVE
45

Ref Year Frequency bands(GHz) Bandwidth(MHz) Technology Design complexity
Ref[92] 2015 (2.3 − 4.0)
(5.0 − 6.6)
1700/1600
Dual band
Metamaterial reactive loading and
Inverted L slot
complex
Ref[105] 2017 (2.23 – 2.89) (3.21 – 4.45)
(5.32 – 5.85 )
660/1240/530
Triple band
CSRR loading with monopole complex
Ref[107] 2017 (1.86 − 1.91)
(2.89 − 2.98)
(4.96 − 6.78)
50/90/1820
Triple band
Three CSRR on radiating patch complex
Ref[119] 2017 (2.33 − 2.82)
(3.68 − 4.31)
(5.73 − 6.48)
490/630/750
Triple band
defected ground structures complex
Proposed
PSDSR
antenna
2018 (2.82 − 3.76)
(4.48 − 5.97)
(7.68 − 8.85)
(9.13 − 1.61)
940/1490/1170/2480
Four Bands
Square Rings overlapped with
monopole
simple design
Proposed
PSDCR
antenna
2018 (2.68 − 4.00)
(4.00 − 5.75)
(7.69 − 9.46)
(9.46 − 11.5)
1320/1750/1770/2040
Four Bands
Circular Rings overlapped with
monopole
simple design
46

SPLIT PHI(Φ) SHAPE SQUARE RING (SPSSR) ANTENNA
AND
SPLIT PHI(Φ) SHAPE CIRCULAR RING (SPSCR) ANTENNA
47

SPSSR AND SPSCR ANTENNA
48
VARIABLE Parameter description SPSSR SPSCR
L1 Width of antenna 72mm 72mm
L2 Length of substrate 23mm 23mm
L Height of monopole 19.5mm 19.5mm
M Width of micro strip line 3mm 3mm
Y1
Feed line to outer ring
distance
7.9mm 7.9
W Length of ground plane 6.5mm 6.5mm
Ring x/R1
Side length/Radius of
SRR
38mm
(Ringx=9.5mm)
38mm(R1=6.05mm)
𝒕 Width of SRR 1.1mm 1.1mm
g1 Gap between two SRR 0.7mm 0.7mm
g2 Slit gap 1.1mm 1.1mm
𝒉 Height of substrate 1.6mm 1.6mm

50
Band Parameters
SPSSR
antenna
SPSCR
antenna
UWB range
Frequency Range
(GHz)
2.75-11.4 2.63-11.42
Band width in GHz 8.65 8.8
S11 in dB
Less than
-10dB
Less than
-10dB
VSWR Less than 2 Less than 2
Impedance over the
BW
around 50Ω around 50Ω
Notch Band
Center frequency
(GHz)
5.874 5.47
VSWR 6.27 4.7
Freuency Band 5.1-6.29 4.94-5.91
Notch-Band BW in
MHz
1190MHz 970MHz
Impedance 140 Ω 117 Ω

COMPARISION OF SPSSR AND SPSCR ANTENNA RESULTS
51

EFFECT OF SLIT GAP ON NOTCH BAND
53
Kiran Ajetrao, A. P. Dhande, “Phi Shape UWB Antenna with Band Notch Characteristics”
, Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research Vol. 8, No. 4, 2018, pg 3123-3127
EXCEL

GAIN, 3D RADIATION AND FABRICATED ANTENNAS
54

EMPIRICAL MODELLING
● 𝑓0 =
1
2𝜋
1
𝐿𝑒𝐶𝑒
(1)
● 𝐶𝑒 =
𝐶1+𝐶2 𝐶3+𝐶4
𝐶1+𝐶2 +(𝐶3+𝐶4)
(2)
● C1=C3=Ca and C2=C4=Cg
● 𝐶𝑒 =
𝐶𝑎+𝐶𝑔
2
(3)
● Metal thickness of copper is p=35µm, ring width is t, gap between rings is g1 and
ε0 =8.854187817×10−12 F/m, Cg can be written as
● 𝐶𝑔 =
𝜀0 𝑡𝑝
𝑔1
(4)
56

● 𝐶𝑎 for square and circular rings are given by as
● 𝐶𝑎 = 4𝑎𝑎𝑣𝑔 − 𝑔1 𝐶𝑝 (5)
● 𝐶𝑎 = 𝜋𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑔 − 𝑔1 𝐶𝑝 (6)
● Equivalent inductance Le calculation for and rectangular/circular cross section
of wire with finite length ‘l’ in mm and, thickness of ring is ‘t’ in mm is
proposed in [14], The same concept is used to calculate the equivalent
inductance Le of PSDSR and PSDCR and is given as
● 𝐿𝑒 = 0.0002𝑙 2.303𝑙𝑜𝑔10
4𝑙
𝑐
− 𝛶 𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑟𝑜𝐻 (7)
● Where, ϒ is constant for wire loop of square /circuar geometry.
● 𝑙 = 8𝑎𝑒𝑥𝑡 − 𝑔1; 𝑎𝑒𝑥𝑡 =
𝑅𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑥
2
; 𝛶 = 2.853 (8)
● 𝑙 = 2𝜋𝑟𝑒𝑥𝑡 − 𝑔1; 𝑟𝑒𝑥𝑡 = 𝑅1; 𝛶 = 2.451 (9)
57

EMPIRICAL MODELLING
Using eqs (2)-(9) in equation (1) gives the resonance frequency of square /circular
rings
𝑓0 =
1
2𝜋
1
𝐿𝑒𝐶𝑒
= 5.09GHz for the proposed SRR
58
[Chinmoy Saha, Jawad Y. Siddiqui2 and Yahia M. M. Antar, “Square split ring resonator backed coplanar waveguide for filter
applications”, XXXth URSI general assembly and scientific symposium, Istanbul, Turkey, August 13-20, IEEE, 2011.]
[Jawad Yaseen Siddiqui, Chinmoy Saha,and Yahia M. M. Antar, “Compact SRR loaded UWB circular monopole antenna with
frequency notch characteristics”, IEEE Transactions on antennas and propagation, Volume. 62, Number 8, August 2014 ]
[Chinmoy Saha, Jawad Y. Siddiqui, “Versatile, CAD formulation for estimation of the resonant frequency and magnetic
polarizability of circular Split Ring Resonators”, Wiley periodicals, June 2011.]
[I. Bahl and P.Bhartia, Microwave solid state circuit design, Chapter 2, John Wily & Son, New York, 1998]

HOW TO PROVE METAMATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS?
● S parameter extraction
● Angular diagram
● Dispersion
59

1. S - PARAMETER EXTRACTION
60

S11 AND S21 EXTRACTION FROM HFSS
61

EXTRACTION OF RI, PERMITTIVITY AND PERMEABILITY
● 𝜀 =
𝑛
𝑧
µ = 𝑛𝑧
● 𝑧 = ±
(1+𝑆11)2−𝑆21
2
(1−𝑆11)2−𝑆21
2
● 𝑛 =
1
𝑘0𝑑
ln 𝑒𝑗𝑛𝑘0𝑑 𝑛
+ 2𝑚𝜋 − 𝑖 𝑙𝑛 𝑒𝑗𝑛𝑘0𝑑
● Where 𝑒𝑗𝑛𝑘0𝑑 =
𝑆21
1−𝑆11
𝑧−1
𝑧+1
𝑘 =
2𝜋𝑓
𝐶
d is unit element dimensions, m=0=fundamental branch function
62
[Ahmad B. Numan and Mohmmad S. Sharawi, Extraction of material parameters for Metamaterials Using
full wave simulator, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol,55, No.5 October 2013]

63
The permittivity and permeability is negative from
4.5GHz to 4.7GHz frequency band.
EXCEL

2. ANGULAR DIAGRAM
64
1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00
Freq [GHz]
-200.00
-150.00
-100.00
-50.00
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
ang_deg(S(FloquetPort1:1,FloquetPort1:1))
[deg]
metamarial_based small antenna
XY Plot 1 ANSOFT
m1
m2
Curve Info
ang_deg(S(FloquetPort1:1,FloquetPort1:1))
Setup1 : Sw eep
Name X Y
m1 5.8600 -7.9027
m2 9.2000 4.3024

3. DISPERSION DIAGRAM
65
0
2E+09
4E+09
6E+09
8E+09
1E+10
1.2E+10
1.4E+10
Mode 1
Mode 2
X M ┌
┌
EXCEL

FABRICATED ANTENNAS & TESTING IMAGES
66

IMPLEMENTATION OF ANTENNA FOR WI-FI ROUTER
67

CONCLUSION
1. Effect of Split Ring Resonator on Monopole antenna
● Placing of SRR near the monopole gives multiband operation.
● The gap between the monopole and SRR is optimized to 0.4mm, this gives
four different frequencies namely 3.08 GHz, 4.68GHz, 6.51GHz and 8.5GHz
with acceptable bandwidth.
● The resonating frequencies and bandwidth changes by changing the gap
between the monopole and split ring resonators.
● Placing split ring resonators on both sides of monopole reduces the coupling
between them, which in turn degrades the performance of antenna.
68

CONCLUSION
2. Metamaterial based Square Bludgeon Shape (SBS) multiband and UWB
antenna Wi-Fi and WLAN application
● square bludgeon shape (SBS) antenna gives four frequency bands, namely
3.1GHz, 4.7GHz, 6.2GHz, and 7.8GHz .
● The etching of CSRR on ground plane converts multiband to UWB antenna and
this gives wider bandwidth of 3.1GHz in higher frequency range.
● Metamaterial property of SRR is proved by showing the negative permeability
and permittivity at 4.7GHz frequency.
● The measured and simulated results for SBS multiband and SBS UWB antenna
with CSRR etched on ground plane are matching with each other.
● The four frequency band has bandwidth greater than 500MHz
and in the range 3.1 to 10.6 GHz UWB frequency range
69

CONCLUSION
3. Phi shape dual square ring (PSDSR) and Phi shape dual circular ring (PSDCR) multiband
antennas WiFi and WLAN application.
● both the antennas with different shapes gives similar response. It concludes that same
designed can be applied to any other shape as well.
● The PSDSR antenna resonates over four frequency bands viz. 2.82GHz-3.76GHz,
4.48GHz to 5.97GHz, 7.68GHz to 8.85GHz and 9.13GHz to 11.61GHz.
● The PSDCR antenna resonates over four frequency bands viz. 2.68GHz to 4.GHz,
4.1GHz to 4.75, 7.69GHz to 9.46GHz and 9.47GHz to 11.5GHz.
● The error between the PSDSR and PSDCR antenna for first, second, third and fourth
resonance band are 3.49%, 5.27%, 4.5% and 7.23 % respectively. This error can be
minimized by optimizing the dimensions of PSDCR antenna.
● The first two bands of proposed PSDSR and PSDCR antenna are useful
in WiMAX and WLAN applications.
● The third and fourth bands can be used for UWB applications
70

CONCLUSION
4. Split Phi shape Square Ring (SPSSR) antenna and Split Phi Shape Circular ring (SPSCR) Band
Notch antennas in UWB range.
● UWB antennas with band notch characteristics to avoid the interference with the existing
systems
● it is observed that both the antennas resonate similarly. This shows that same design
concepts can be extended to any other shape as well.
● The SPSSR antenna resonates from 2.75GHz to 11.4 GHz with bandwidth of 8.65GHz.
● The SPSCR antenna resonates from 2.63GHz to 11.42GHz with bandwidth of 8.8GHz.
● The notch band for SPSSR antenna is from 5.1GHz to 6.29GHz with centre frequency of
5.874GHz.
● The notch band for the SPSCR antenna is from 4.94GHz to 5.91GHz with centre frequency
of 5.47GHz
● The SPSSR and SPSCR antennas can be used for entire UWB frequency
band with band suppression at 5.87GHz and 5.47GHz respectively.
● variation in slit gap gives shift in notch bands 71

CONCLUSION
● The SRR used in the research shows the negative permeability and permittivity
for the resonating frequency bands.
● It is observed that all the proposed antennas give its radiation pattern as
omnidirectional in H plane and dipole pattern in E-Plane and gives broader
-10dB bandwidth for both multiband and UWB applications.
● The proposed antennas are implemented successfully for the Digi-Link WiFi
device successfully.
● The measured and the simulated results for the all the proposed antennas are
in good agreement with each other.
72

FUTURE SCOPE
● It is observed that by increasing the slit gap increases the equivalent
capacitance which in turn increases the band-notch center frequency.
● As a future work Varactor diode can be connected in between slit gap
in order to tune the desired frequency, Active antennas.
● Concept of metamaterial antenna is emerging field for the
development of 5G antennas with narrow beam at higher frequencies
73

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