Microassembler a10
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Microassembler a10
- 1. MICROASSEMBER BY: SANJAY KUMAR CHAKRAVARTI 11006964
- 2. DOCKETS • Introduction • Assembly Language • Assembler • MAL • Applications • Benefits • References
- 3. Introduction • A micro assembler is a computer program that helps prepare a micro program to control the low level operation of a computer in much the same way an assembler helps prepare higher level code for a processor. • If a given computer implementation supports a writeable control store, the micro assembler is usually provided to customers as a means of writing customized microcode.
- 4. Introduction • A computer requires programs to function, typically executing the program's instructions in a central processor. The program has that the computer can use directly to execute the instructions. • The same program in its human-readable source form, from which executable programs are derived , enables a programmer to study and develop its algorithms.
- 5. Assembly Language • A program written in assembly language it basically contain of a series of instructions- mnemonics that correspond to a stream of executable instructions, when translated by an assembler that can be loaded into memory and executed. • For example, anx86/IA-32processor execute the below instruction as given in machine language. • Binary: 10110000 01100001 (Hexadecimal: B0 61)
- 6. Assembler • It translate mnemonic code to opcode. • The use of symbolic references is only the key feature of assemblers, saving tuff calculations and manual address. Most assemblers also include macro facilities for performing textual substitution.
- 7. Assembler • More sophisticated high-level assemblers provide language abstractions such as: A. Advanced control structures. B. High-level procedure declarations and invocations. C. High-level abstract data types, including structures, unions, classes, and sets. D. Sophisticated macro processing. E. Object-Oriented features such as encapsulation, polymorphism, inheritance, interfaces
- 8. MAL • MAL(Micro Assembly Language) • It is a kind of program which helps prepare a micro program to control the low level operation of a computer in much the same way an assembler helps prepare higher level code for a processor. • MASM(Microsoft Assembler)
- 9. MASM • MASM is a one of the Microsoft development tools that are targeted 16-bit, 32-bit and 64-bit platforms. Versions 6.1 and 6.11 included Phar Lap's TNT DOS extender so that MASM could run in MS-DOS. • MASM will write in Intel Syntax. • MASM is used by Microsoft to implement some low- level portions of its Windows Operating systems. • MASM, contrary to popular belief, has been in constant development since 1980, and is upgraded on a needs- basis. • MASM has always been made compatible by Microsoft to the current platform, and executable file types. • MASM currently supports all Intel instruction sets.
- 10. MAL • It describes about the lexical, syntactic, and semantic elements of the language, and gives a focus on microprogramming with the mic1 micro-assembler. • Reserved Word: MAR, MDR, PC, Fetch, If, Else, goto , nop, AND, OR, NOT
- 11. Application • After power supply it works, instead of asembler. Most boot loader works on this. • Assembly language is also valuable in reverse engineering. • optimized assembler code is written "by hand" and instructions are sequenced manually by the coders in an attempt to minimize the number of CPU cycles used
- 12. Benefits • The micro programmed Data General Eclipse S/200 computer is available with a writable control store. The WCS feature of the Eclipse is having extension of the micro programmed control logic of the computer's central processing unit. It allows a user to implement specialized instructions at a very low level. Its use is however, discouraged since Data General does not provide software support for the WCS feature
- 13. References • http://www.ontko.com/mic1/mal.html#1 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microassembler • http://findebookee.com/adv.php?q=microass embler%20ppt
- 14. Query(?) + Thank You=END OF SESSION.