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Modelling with Unified
Modelling Language (UML)
By,
D. B. Naga Muruga,
B.E Mechanical Engineering,
Sriram Engineering College
WatchUser WatchRepairPerson
ReadTime
SetTime
ChangeBattery
SimpleWatch
Figure 1, A UML use case diagram
describing the functionality of a
simple watch.
Figure 2, A UML class diagram
describing the elements of a
simple watch.
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
SimpleWatch
Display Battery TimePushButton
Figure 3, A UML sequence
diagram for the SimpleWatch.
:SimpleWatch :Time:Display
pressButton1() blinkHours()
blinkMinutes()
pressButton2() incrementMinutes()
refresh()
pressButtons1And2()
commitNewTime()
stopBlinking()
pressButton1()
:WatchUser
button1&2Pressed
button1Pressed
button2Pressed
button2Pressed
button2Pressed
button1Pressed
button1&2Pressed Increment
Minutes
Increment
Hours
Blink
Hours
Blink
Seconds
Blink
Minutes
Increment
Seconds
Stop
Blinking
Figure 4, A UML statechart diagram for
SetTime use case of the SimpleWatch.
Open
Incident
Allocate
Resources
Coordinate
Resources
Document
Incident
Archive
Incident
Figure 5, An example of a
UML activity diagram.
Airplane
All blueprints
Scale model
Electrical
Fuel
Flight simulator
Figure 6, A Model is an abstraction describing a
subset of a System. A View depicts selected aspects
of a Model. Views and Models of a single System may
overlap each other.
Book Chapter
N
composed-of
Booch
Book Chapter
composed-of
UML
1 *
Figure 7, Example of describing a
model with two different
notations.
Watch
time
date
CalculatorWatch
SetDate(d)
EnterCalcMode()
InputNumber(n)
calculatorState
Figure 8, A UML class diagram depicting
two classes: Watch and CalculatorWatch.
CalculatorWatch is a refinement of Watch,
providing calculator functionality normally
not found in normal Watches.
OrganicCompound
Benzene
Figure 9, An example of
abstract class.
Watch
CalculatorWatch
simpleWatch1291:Watch
calculatorWatch1515
:CalculatorWatch
«instanceOf»
«instanceOf»
Figure 10, A UML class diagram
depicting instances of two
classes.
pressButton2() getTime()
getTimeDelta()
:WatchUser
GMTTime
GMTTime
:SimpleWatch :TimeZone:Time
Figure 11, Examples of
message sends.
Application Domain Solution Domain
Application Domain Model System Model
Aircraft
TrafficController
FlightPlan Airport
MapDisplay
FlightPlanDatabase
SummaryDisplay
TrafficControl
TrafficControl
Figure 12, The application domain model represents entities of the
environment which are relevant to an air traffic control system (e.g.,
aircraft, traffic controllers).
Report Emergency
FieldOfficer DispatcherOpenIncident
AllocateResources
FRIEND
Figure 13, An example of a UML use
case diagram: Incident initiation in an
accident management system.
OpenIncident
AllocateResources
HelpDispatcher
«include»
«include»
Figure 14, An example of an
«include» relationship.
Figure 15, An example of an
«extend» relationship.
OpenIncident
AllocateResources
ConnectionDown
«extend»
«extend»
Authenticate
Authenticate
Authenticate
WithPassword
WithCard
Figure 16, An example of a
generalization relationship.
EmergencyReport Incident
FieldOfficer
name:String
badgeNumber:Integer
Dispatcher
name:String
badgeNumber:Integer
author
incidentsGenerated
reportsGenerated
initiator
reports
1
*
1
*
1..*
1
Figure 17, An example of a UML class
diagram: classes that participate in the
ReportEmergency use case.
report_1291 incident_1515bob:FieldOfficer
name = “Bob D.”
badgeNumber = 132
john:Dispatcher
name = “John D.”
badgeNumber = 12
alice:FieldOfficer
name = “Alice W.”
badgeNumber = 23
Figure 18, An example of a UML object
diagram: objects that participate in the
warehouseOnFire scenario.
Figure 19, Example of a one-
directional association.
Polygon Point
**
IncidentFieldOfficer
name:String
badgeNumber:Integer
Allocates
role:String
notificationTime:Time
resources
incident
1
1..*
Figure 20, An example of an
association class.
Incident
FieldOfficer
name:String
badgeNumber:Integer
Allocation
role:String
notificationTime:Time
resources
incident 1
1..*
1
1
Figure 21, Alternative model
for Allocation.
* *
PoliceStation
*
*
1
1
1
1
State
Directory
County
PoliceOfficer
File
Township
Figure 22, Examples of
aggregations.
Figure 23, Examples of
multiplicity.
FieldOfficer IncidentReport
**
FireUnit FireTruck
*1
PoliceOfficer
11
owner property
author report
BadgeNumber
Figure 24, Example of a
hierarhical file system.
Directory
FileSystemElement
File
1
*
Figure 25, Example of a
nonhierarchical file system.
Directory
FileSystemElement
File
*
*
Figure 26, Example of how a
qualified association uses
reduces multiplicity.
Directory Filefilename
Directory
File
filename
1
Without qualification
With qualification
*
0..11
EmergencyReport Incident
FieldOfficer Dispatcher
author initiator
reportsGenerated incidents
1
*
1
*
1..*
1
PoliceOfficer
name:String
badgeNumber:Integer
Figure 27, An example of a
generalization.
Incident
assignResource(r)
close()
Figure 28, Examples of
operations provided by the Incident
class.
:SimpleWatch :Time:Display
pressButton1() blinkHours()
blinkMinutes()
pressButton2() incrementMinutes()
refresh()
pressButtons1And2()
commitNewTime()
stopBlinking()
pressButton1()
:WatchUser
Figure 29, Example of a sequence
diagram: setting the time on 2Bwatch.
a b c
[i>0] op1()
[i<=0] op2()
*op3()
Figure 30, Examples of conditions and
iterators in sequence diagrams.
Figure 31, Example of a collaboration
diagram: Setting the time on 2Bwatch.
:2BwatchInput
:2BwatchTime
:2BwatchDisplay
1:p ressButtons1And2()
1.1: blinkHours()
3.1:i ncrementMinutes()
3.2:r efresh()
4.1:c ommitNewTime()
:2BwatchOwner
2:pressButton1()
3:pressButton2()
4:pressButtons1And2()
2.1:blinkMinutes()
4.2:stopBlinking()
Active Inactive Closed Archived
incidentHandled incidentDocumented incidentArchived
Figure 32, A UML statechart
diagram for the Incident class.
MeasureTime SetTime
pressButtonsLAndR
pressButtonsLAndR/beep
after 2 min.
DeadBattery
after 20 years
after 20 years
Figure 33, Statechart diagram for
2Bwatch set time function.
Figure 34, Internal transitions
associated with the SetTime state.
SetTime
entry/blink hours
exit/stop blinking
pressButton1/blink next number
pressButton2/increment current number
MeasureTime
do/count ticks
MeasureTime
pressBothButtons
pressBothButtons/beep
after 2 min.
after 20 years
after 20 years
SetTime
BlinkHours BlinkMinutes BlinkSeconds
BlinkYear BlinkMonth BlinkDay
b2/incr hour b2/incr min. b2/incr sec.
b2/incr year b2/incr mo. b2/incr day
b1
b1
b1
b1
b1b1
Figure 35, Refined statechart
associated with the SetTime state.
Document
Incident
Archive
Incident
Handle
Incident
Figure 36, A UML activity
diagram for Incident.
[fire & highPriority]
[not fire & highPriority]
[lowPriority]
Notify
Fire Chief
Open
Incident
Notify
Police Chief
Allocate
Resources
Figure 37, Example of decision in
the OpenIncident process.
Archive
Incident
Open
Incident
Document
Incident
Allocate
Resources
Coordinate
Resources
Figure 38, An example of
complex transitions in a UML
activity diagram.
Archive
Incident
Dispatcher
FieldOfficer
Open
Incident
Document
Incident
Allocate
Resources
Coordinate
Resources
Figure 39, An example of
swimlanes in a UML activity
diagram.
Report Emergency
FieldOfficer
DispatcherOpenIncident
AllocateResources
ArchiveIncident
SearchArchive
ManageUsers
ManageTerminals
Librarian SysAdmin
SysAdministrationIncidentArchive
IncidentManagement
Figure 40, Example of packages: use cases of
FRIEND organized by actors.
FieldOfficer Dispatcher
Librarian SysAdmin
IncidentArchive SysAdministration
IncidentManagement
Figure 41, Example of
packages.
DispatcherStation
EmergencyReport Incident
FieldOfficer Dispatcher
FieldStation
Figure 42, Example of
packages.
EmergencyReport
DispatcherStation
Incident
FieldOfficer Dispatcher
FieldStation
The EmergencyReport
class is defined in FieldStation
and used in both stations.
Figure 43, An example of a note.
Notes can be attached to a
specific element in a diagram.
«entity»
«entity»
«boundary»
«boundary»
«control»
Year
Month
ChangeDateControl
LCDDisplayBoundary
ButtonBoundary
«entity»
Day
Figure 44, Examples of
stereotypes.
EmergencyReport Incident
reports
1..*
{ordered by time of receipt}
Figure 45, An example of
constraint.
1
Modelling with uml
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Modelling with uml