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324 Modern Database Management, Eleventh Edition
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall
Chapter 7 Advanced SQL
Chapter Overview
Chapter 7 follows from Chapter 6, from single table queries to multi-table joins,
subqueries (both non-correlated and correlated), establishing referential integrity, and
derived tables. Triggers, stored procedures, functions, embedded SQL, dynamic SQL,
and Persistent Stored Modules are also covered. This chapter also contains a detailed
discussion of transaction integrity as well as the SQL:200n enhancements and extensions
to SQL and an overview of data dictionaries. Chapter 6 is a prerequisite for this
chapter.
Chapter Objectives
Specific student learning objectives are included at the beginning of the chapter. From an
instructor’s point of view, the objectives of this chapter are to:
1. Build the student’s SQL skills and an appreciation of SQL through many
examples of relational queries from SQL; demonstrate capabilities such as
multiple-table data retrieval (join and other operators such as difference, union,
and intersection), explicit and implicit joining, and built-in functions.
2. Illustrate the differences between the joining and subquery approaches to
manipulating multiple tables in SQL.
3. Introduce the transaction and concurrency control features of relational DBMSs.
4. Discuss the SQL:200n enhancements to SQL.
5. Briefly discuss the data dictionary facilities available in Oracle 10g.
6. Discuss triggers and stored procedures and provide examples of how these might
be used.
7. Briefly discuss dynamic and embedded SQL.
8. Understand the use of user-defined data types in large database installations.
Key Terms
Correlated subquery Function Persistent Stored Modules
(SQL/PSM)
Dynamic SQL Join Procedure
Embedded SQL Natural Join Trigger
Equi-join Outer Join User-defined data type
(UDT)

Chapter 7 325
Classroom Ideas
1. Have students program in a system that supports SQL along with this chapter. The
nuances of joining multiple tables, nesting subqueries, properly qualifying built-in
functions, and so forth are really only learned by writing a wide variety of non-trivial
queries. There are exercises at the end of the chapter that will provide such practice
for students.
2. If students have access to Oracle, have them take a look at the various data
dictionary views available to them as a user. You may also want to discuss the
various DBA views available and show these to the students during your lecture.
Remember that Teradata University supports Oracle for classroom use, and that you
may set up access for yourself and your students. The databases from the text are
available, as are much larger datasets that you may want to use. Teradata
University’s home page is www.teradatastudentnetwork.com.
3. When discussing multiple table queries, always emphasize that there is more than
one way to write a query. For example, show the students a query using a join and
then the same query using subqueries.
4. Emphasize the cases when a subquery is needed and cannot be substituted with a
join. A good example of this would be the case where one needs to find all
customers who have never purchased a product (using a subquery with the NOT IN
qualifier).
5. Develop an exercise for the students to explore the effects of a trigger. Have them
create and populate some tables, then write an insert trigger for one of the tables that
might impact other tables. You could then have the students insert some records and
see the results. It is important to show the effects of triggers through examples that
the students can try out, followed by problems that they would have to solve by
writing triggers. The same can be said for stored procedures.
6. The discussion on SQL/PSM might be a good place to introduce PL/SQL before
introducing triggers and stored procedures.
Answers to Review Questions
1. Define each of the following key terms:
a. Dynamic SQL. The process of making an application capable of generating
specific SQL code on the fly, as the application is processed
b. Correlated subquery. This type of subquery is processed outside in, rather than
inside out. That is, the inner query is executed for each row in the outer query,
and the inner query depends in some way on values from the current row in the
outer query.
c. Embedded SQL. The process of including hard-coded SQL statements in a
program written in another language such as C or Java
d. Procedure. A collection of procedural and SQL statements that are assigned a
unique name within the schema and stored in the database
e. Join. The most frequently used relational operation, which brings together data
from two or more related tables into one result table

f. Equi-join. A join in which the joining condition is based on equality between
values in the common columns. It produces a table of rows composed of
columns from two other tables, where common columns appear (redundantly) in
the result table.
g. Self-join. A join that requires matching rows in a table with other rows in the
same table. This is a join that joins a table with itself and often occurs with the
presence of a unary relationship in the database, such as a Supervisor or
Manager of Employees within an Employee Table.
h. Outer join. A join in which rows that do not have matching values in common
columns are nevertheless included in the result table. Outer joins return all the
values in one of the tables included in the join, regardless of whether a match
exists in the other table(s) or not.
i. Function. A stored subroutine that returns one value and has only input
parameters
j. Persistent Stored Modules (SQL/PSM). Extensions defined in SQL:1999 that
include the capability to create and drop modules of code stored in the database
schema across user sessions
2. Match the following terms to the appropriate definitions:
e equi-join
i natural join
d outer join
j trigger
k procedure
g Embedded SQL
b UDT
f COMMIT
c SQL/PSM
h Dynamic SQL
a ROLLBACK
3. Using an outer join instead of a natural join:
Outer joins are often used in database maintenance to find rows that do not have
matching values in common columns. Null values appear in columns where there is
no match between tables. Another example would be a query that returns all
customers—whether they have placed orders in the last four months or not—along
with the date of the most recent order placed within the last four months. Customers
who have not placed an order would be returned with a null value under most recent
order.
4. Explain the processing order of a correlated subquery:
Correlated subqueries use the result of the outer query to determine the processing of
the inner query. Thus, the inner query may be somewhat different for each row
referenced in the outer query.

Chapter 7 327
5. Explain that any query that can be written using the subquery approach can also be
written using the joining approach, but not vice versa:
While SQL*PLUS allows a subquery to return more than one column, most systems
allow pairwise joining of one and only one column in an inner query with one
column in an outer query. (An exception to this is when a subquery is used with the
EXISTS keyword.) You can display data only from the table(s) referenced in the
outer query. If you want to include data from the subquery in the result, then you
would have to use the join technique because data from the subquery cannot be
included in the results. The joining technique is useful when data from several
relations are to be retrieved and displayed, and the relationships are not necessarily
nested.
6. Purpose of the COMMIT command; its relation to the notion of a business
transaction:
a. SQL transactions terminate by executing either a COMMIT or ROLLBACK
operation. COMMIT [WORK] takes the contents of the log file and applies them
to the database and then empties the log file. There is also an AUTOCOMMIT
(ON/OFF) command in many RDBMSs that specifies whether changes are made
permanent after each data modification command (ON) or only when work is
explicitly made permanent (OFF) by the COMMIT WORK command. These
commands are necessary to maintain a valid database and are transparent to the
user in most interactive SQL situations.
b. SQL transactions are logical units of work. Either all of the operations performed
in the SQL transaction will be committed, or none of the operations will be
committed to the database. An SQL transaction may be more involved than an
accounting transaction. For example, the entry of a customer order may also
trigger inventory adjustment. Executing the COMMIT command will either
make permanent changes to all relations involved in the logical unit of work, or it
will make changes to none of them.
7. Hidden triggers: They are hard to see coming until they fail to fire. They may fire
without notification. Cascading triggers and endless loop triggers are also possible.
8. Structure of a trigger: Three parts of a trigger are identified: the event, condition,
and action sections. The event defines the change about to be made, such as an
UPDATE or DELETE of a record. The condition section examines the record(s)
about to be affected. For each record that meets that condition, the action to be taken
by the trigger begins.
9. Usage of UNION clause: Use UNION when you want to combine the output from
multiple queries together. However, each query involved must output the same
number of rows, and they must be UNION-compatible.

10. Triggers vs. Stored Procedures: Both triggers and routines consist of blocks of
procedural code. Routines are stored blocks of code that must be directly called upon
to operate against the data in the database. Triggers, in contrast, are stored in the
database and run automatically whenever a specified database event occurs (e.g.,
INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE or ALTER TABLE commands).
11. Persistent Stored Modules: The purpose of Persistent Stored Modules (SQL/PSM) is
to make SQL computationally complete (database applications and so forth).
12. Advantages of SQL-invoked routines: Flexibility, efficiency, sharability,
applicability.
13. Usage of Embedded vs. Dynamic SQL:
Embedded SQL To create an application where you know exactly what the SQL
syntax is that you will need to use.
Dynamic SQL Use where you need to create SQL on the fly, identifying exact
parameter values, tables, and so forth at runtime.
14. Utility of CASE keyword: The CASE keyword would be useful in a situation where
you might want to assign categories, for example a discount level based upon sales.
In this example, one could use the CASE keyword to check the sales level and assign
a discount level, such as level 1 for sales < 1000, level 2 for sales >= 1000 and
<5000, etc.
15. Usage of derived tables: Derived tables are used to create a temporary table that is
treated as if it were an actual table. This table is not persistent in that it goes away
after the query in which it was created is run.
16. Example of derived table usage: One example of the use of a derived table would be
to find all ships that were loaded beyond capacity. In this example, a shipment’s
weight is calculated by computing the sum of the quantity order times the weight.
The query follows:
SELECT Ship.ShipNo
FROM Ship, Shipment,
(SELECT ShipmentLine.ShipmentID,
SUM(Item.Weight*ShipmentLine.Quantity) AS Tweight
FROM ShipmentLine,Item
WHERE ShipmentLine.ItemNo = Item.ItemNo
GROUP BY ShipmentID) AS ShipWt
WHERE Ship.ShipNo = Shipment.ShipNo
AND Shipment.ShipmentID = ShipWt.ShipmentID
AND Ship.Capacity < ShipWt.Tweight;
17. PL/SQL info: SQL by itself is a non-procedural language and no statement execution
sequence is implied as in recognized procedural or “programming-like” languages

Chapter 7 329
(e.g., Java, C, COBOL, etc.) Prior to the issuance of SQL:1999 standards and
capabilities, commercial products did not have a way to perform much
“programming-like” actions against database contents, so many commercial products
developed their own versions of routines that would function with SQL. PL/SQL is
Oracle’s proprietary language that implements the ability to store and run procedural
routines (e.g., function or procedure) for a database. A function returns one value
and has only input parameters. A procedure may have input parameters, output
parameters, and parameters that are both input and output parameters. PL/SQL is
Oracle’s way of extending the standard set of SQL actions that can be performed
against a database, in response to changing user needs and expanding databases.
18. Data type incompatibility and UNION operation: One possibility would be to
convert one of the data types. For example, if one data type is a character and the
other numeric, you could use a function such as Oracle’s TO_CHAR to convert the
numeric to a character. Another option is to decide which tables might be involved in
UNION operations and make sure that the data types are compatible.
19. Using Outer Join with more than two tables: The outer join is not easily
implemented for more than two tables. The results vary by RDBMS vendor and
should be thoroughly tested before implementing.
20. Data dictionary views for non-Oracle RDBMS: This is left as an exercise for
students. The textbook shows examples of different system table names between
Oracle and Microsoft SQL Server, which would be one difference in the data
dictionary facilities between vendors. Other differences that might be apparent if
students have hands-on access to both vendor DBMSs could be what system tables
the students/users have access to based on the database authorization and security
setup. Comparisons of the major DBMS vendors and their adherence to SQL
standards related to data dictionary functions are detailed as a work-in-progress at
http://troels.arvin.dk/db/rdbms (accessed 26 May 2010).

Answers to Problems and Exercises
Note to Instructor: The solutions, which include SQL statements, are not intended as the
definitive answer to the questions, but as possible solutions. Instructors and students will
approach the problems using different SQL capabilities, achieving results that are also
correct. We illustrate the SQL statements with capitalized SQL Reserve Words, and
Upper/Lower case usage for data names, to be consistent with the textbook treatment of
naming conventions. Oracle results, when shown, will display table and column names
with all Upper case letters.
Problems 1-5 are based on class scheduling relations in Figure 16.
1.
a. Display the course ID and course name for all courses with an ISM prefix:
Query:
SELECT CourseID, CourseName
FROM Course
WHERE CourseID LIKE ‘ISM%’;

Chapter 7 331
b. Display all courses for which Professor Berndt has been qualified:
Query:
SELECT Course.CourseID, CourseName
FROM Faculty, Course, Qualified
WHERE Faculty.FacultyName = ‘Berndt’
AND Faculty.FacultyID= Qualified.FacultyID
AND Course.CourseID=Qualified.CourseID;

c. Display the class roster, including student name, for all students enrolled in
section 2714 of ISM 4212:
Query:
SELECT Student.StudentID, StudentName,
Section.CourseID, Registration.SectionNo, Semester
FROM Student, Registration, Section
WHERE Section.SectionNo= Registration.SectionNo
AND Student.StudentID= Registration.StudentID
AND Registration.SectionNo=2714
ORDER BY StudentName;

Chapter 7 333
2. Which instructors are qualified to teach ISM 3113?
Query:
SELECT Faculty.FacultyName
FROM Faculty, Qualified
WHERE Qualified.FacultyID=Faculty. FacultyID
AND Qualified.CourseID=‘ISM 3113’;
3. Is any instructor qualified to teach ISM 3113 and not qualified to teach ISM
4930?
Query:
SELECT Faculty.FacultyID, Faculty.FacultyName
WHERE Qualified.FacultyID=Faculty.FacultyID
AND Qualified.CourseID=‘ISM 3113’
MINUS
SELECT Faculty.FacultyID, Faculty.FacultyName
WHERE Qualified.FacultyID=Faculty.FacultyID
AND Qualified.CourseID=‘ISM 4930’

Chapter 7 335
4.
a. How many students are enrolled in section 2714 during semester I-2008?
Query:
SELECT COUNT (DISTINCT (StudentID))
FROM Registration
WHERE SectionID = 2714
AND Semester = ‘I-2008’;

b. How many students are enrolled in ISM 3113 during semester I-2008?
Query:
SELECT COUNT (DISTINCT (StudentID))
FROM Section, Registration
WHERE Section.SectionNo = Registration.SectionNo
AND CourseID = ‘ISM 3113’
AND Semester = ‘I-2008’;

Chapter 7 337
5. Which students were not enrolled in any courses during semester I-2008?
Query:
SELECT DISTINCT StudentID, Student_NAME
FROM Student
WHERE NOT EXISTS
(SELECT * FROM Registration
WHERE Student.StudentID =
Registration.StudentID
AND Semester= ‘I-2008’);

Note to Instructor: Problems and Exercises 6–14 are based on Figure 17 and continue a
problem set from Chapter 6 (problems 10–15, based on Figure 12). Please note that the
Chapter 7 problem set alters the design of the database from the earlier design shown in
Chapter 6. It may be useful for students to build this small database in a particular DBMS
environment and populate the tables with sample data as they work on the requested
queries. The SQL illustrated in this sample solution is based on MS Access SQL.
6. List primary and foreign keys for all entities in Figure 17:
Tutor
Primary key: TutorID
Foreign key: none
Student
Primary key: StudentID
Foreign key: none
MatchHistory
Primary key: MatchID
Foreign keys: TutorID references Tutor(TutorID)
StudentID references Student(StudentID)
TutorReport
Primary key: MatchID + Month (composite PK)
Foreign key: MatchID references MatchHistory(MatchID)
7. Write SQL to add MathScore to Student table:
SQL:
ALTER TABLE Student
ADD COLUMN MathScore NUMBER(2,1);
8. Write SQL to add Subject to Tutor table:
SQL:
ALTER TABLE Tutor
ADD COLUMN Subject VARCHAR(7)
CHECK (Subject IN (‘Reading’, ‘Math’, ‘ESL’));
9. Suggested solution for tutors who tutor in more than one subject area:
One approach is to adjust the database design to allow tutors the ability to declare
more than one subject preference for tutoring. Based on the prior specifications
(including Problem and Exercise 8), the business rule appeared to be that tutors
only tutored in one subject, thus the subject could be stored with tutor
information. Under this new requirement, the database needs the ability to track
more than one subject per tutor. This can be accomplished by adding two tables to

Chapter 7 339
the current design (TutorSubject, Subject) and by altering the structure of the
MatchHistory table to track the Subject involved in each match of Tutor and
Student, as noted in the revised ERD.
It is also possible to assume that (1) each tutor is certified only once or (2) that a
tutor must be certified in each of the subjects. Assumption 2 would require that
CertDate be moved to the TutorSubject relation. This is a good opportunity to
show how making an assumption without interviewing the database user may
result in an incorrect data model because the correct business rule has not been
uncovered.
After completing Exercise 8 (where subject values of “Reading, Math, and ESL”
were added to teachers’ certifications), some students may ask if it is important
for the database to track what Subject each Student is studying. This inquiry can
be used in class as an example of how an analyst can uncover additional business
rules that have not been initially elicited from the client in interviews. You may
expand this question to track student assessment scores for math and ESL in
addition to the existing READ score. This should lead to consideration that, just
as tutors may only be certified in one area, students may elect to study in one to
three areas, depending on their needs. The data model would need to be expanded
further to handle this.

10. Tutors who have not submitted a report in July
(Answer provided in MS ACCESS SQL). Students who build a practice database
to answer this problem should use a DATE format and may need to add a day-of-
month value to the data provided. Note that a left outer join is necessary to pick
up tutors who have never submitted a report.
First, a query named CH7P10 returns a list of all reports ever submitted for each
currently active student. The query is sorted by tutor and report dates for that
tutor.
SELECT MatchHistory.MatchID, MatchHistory.EndDate,
MatchHistory.TutorID, TutorReport.Month
FROM MatchHistory LEFT JOIN TutorReport ON
MatchHistory.MatchID = TutorReport.MatchID
WHERE (((MatchHistory.EndDate) IS NULL)) OR
(((MatchHistory.EndDate)>#6/30/2008#) AND
((TutorReport.Month) Is Null))
ORDER BY MatchHistory.MatchID, TutorReport.Month;
Next, a query is built to retrieve data from query Ch7P10. This second query
returns just those tutors with active students who have not turned in a July report.
Students should be encouraged to modify or add records to the example in the
book in order to test their query thoroughly. As given, only Tutor 104 with a new
student who started in June has not submitted a report for July. In order to test
their query more completely, data should be created for tutors who have active
students and who have previously submitted monthly reports but have not
submitted one in June.
SELECT CH7P10.TutorID, CH7P10.Month
FROM CH7P10
WHERE (((CH7P10.Month) IS NULL)) OR
(((CH7P10.Month)>=#6/30/2008# And
(CH7P10.Month) NOT BETWEEN #7/1/2008# And #7/31/2008#));
Motivated students may add parameters to this query so it will work for any
month.

Chapter 7 341
11. Note: This solution assumes the creation of a PERSON table to store the common
contact data for STUDENTs and TUTORs, and the linking of the STUDENT and
TUTOR table to the PERSON table. Individual student answers may vary from
this proposed solution due to this assumption.
CREATE TABLE PERSON (
PersonID Varchar(5)
Constraint PERPERSID_PK PRIMARY KEY,
LastName Varchar(15),
FirstName Varchar(15),
MiddleInit Varchar(1),
PersonStrAddress Varchar(20),
PersonCity Varchar(20),
PersonState Char(2),
PersonZip Varchar(10),
PersonPhone Varchar(14),
PersonEMail Varchar(25),
PersonType Char(1));
ALTER TABLE Student (
ADD COLUMN PersonID VARCHAR(5));
ALTER TABLE Student (
ADD CONSTRAINT STPERSONID_FK
PersonID REFERENCES Person(PersonID));
ALTER TABLE Tutor (
ADD COLUMN PersonID VARCHAR(5));
ALTER TABLE Tutor (
ADD CONSTRAINT TTUTORID_FK
REFERENCES Person(PersonID));
12. List all active students in June by name, including number of hours tutored and
number of lessons completed:
Query:
SELECT Student.StudentID, MatchHistory.EndDate,
Person.LastName, SUM(TutorReport.Hours) AS [Total Hours],
SUM(TutorReport.Lessons) AS [Total Lessons]
FROM (Person INNER JOIN Student ON Person.PersonID =
Student.StudentID) INNER JOIN (MatchHistory LEFT JOIN
TutorReport ON MatchHistory.MatchID = TutorReport.MatchID)
ON Student.StudentID = MatchHistory.StudentID
GROUP BY Student.StudentID, MatchHistory.EndDate,
Person.LastName
HAVING (((MatchHistory.EndDate) Is Null));

13. Which tutors, by name, are available to tutor?
This answer assumes any active tutor may be available to accept a new student:
Query:
SELECT Person.LastName, Person.FirstName, Tutor.Status
FROM Person INNER JOIN Tutor ON
Person.PersonID = Tutor.PersonID
WHERE (((Tutor.Status)=“Active”));
This answer assumes a tutor is available only if currently unassigned a student:
SELECT T.TutorID, Person.LastName, Person.FirstName
FROM Person INNER JOIN Tutor AS T
ON Person.PersonID = T.PersonID
WHERE (((T.TutorID) IN
(SELECT MH.TutorID FROM MatchHistory MH
WHERE EndDate IS NOT NULL) And
(T.TutorID) NOT IN
(SELECT MH.TutorID FROM MatchHistory MH
WHERE EndDate IS NULL))
AND ((T.STATUS)=‘Active’));

Chapter 7 343
14. Which tutor needs to be reminded to turn in reports?
Query:
SELECT MatchHistory.TutorID
FROM MatchHistory
WHERE MatchHistory.MatchID NOT IN
(SELECT DISTINCT TutorReport.MatchID
FROM TutorReport);

Note to Instructor: Problems and Exercises 15–44 are based on the extended version of
the Pine Valley Furniture Company database (BigPVFC.mdb is the MS Access file
version of this database; this extended database version is also available on Teradata
student resources). Please note that this version of the database has a different structure
than that in the textbook version of the database (e.g., the salesperson information is in
the extended version but not in the textbook version). Some of the field names may also
have changed due to the version of the database you are using due to the reserved words
of the DBMS. When you first use the database, check the table definitions to see what the
exact field names and table structures are for the DBMS that you are using. Also note
that, where possible, solutions are presented in both MS Access and Oracle SQL syntax.
15. Find customers who have not placed any orders:
Microsoft Access Query:
SELECT Customer_T.CustomerID
FROM Customer_T
WHERE (((Customer_T.CustomerID)
NOT IN (SELECT CustomerID from Order_T)));
Oracle Query:
SELECT Customer_T.CustomerID
FROM Customer_T
WHERE Customer_T.CustomerID
NOT IN (SELECT CustomerID from Order_T);
16. List the names and number of employees supervised (label this value HeadCount)
for all the supervisors who supervise more than two employees:
Query:
SELECT S.EmployeeName, COUNT(E.EmployeeID) AS HeadCount
FROM Employee_T S, Employee_T E
WHERE S.EmployeeID = E.Employee_Supervisor
GROUP BY S.EmployeeName
HAVING HeadCount > 2;
Result:
You can verify this by running a simpler query that computes the number of
employees each employee supervises. From this query you would see that there
are three supervisors (those who supervise anyone), and the other two supervisors
supervise only one employee each.
EmployeeNameHeadCount
Robert Lewis 3

Chapter 7 345
17. Names of employees, employee birthdate, manager name, manager’s birthdate for
those employees born before their manager was born; label columns per problem
instructions:
SELECT E1.EmployeeName, E1.EmployeeBirthdate,
E2.EmployeeName AS Manager,
E2.EmployeeBirthdate AS ManagerBirth
FROM Employee_T E1, Employee_T E2
WHERE E1.EmployeeSupervisor = E2.EmployeeID
AND E1.EmployeeBirthdate < E2.EmployeeBirthdate;
P&E 17 Instance Diagram (with sample data for illustration purposes only; not
showing values from PVFC database)
18. Display order number, customer number, order date and items ordered for some
customer (example shows CustomerID=4, students may have chosen another
valid customer ID number in their solutions):
SELECT Order_T.OrderID, Order_T.CustomerID,
Order_T.OrderDate, OrderLine_T.ProductID,

Product_T.ProductDescription,
OrderLine_T.OrderedQuantity
FROM (Product_T INNER JOIN Order_T ON Product_T.ProductID =
Order_T.ProductID) INNER JOIN OrderLine_T ON
Order_T.OrderID = OrderLine_T.OrderID
WHERE (((Order_T.CustomerID)= 4));
Oracle Query:
SELECT Order_T.OrderID, Order_T.CustomerID,
Order_T.OrderDate,OrderLine_T.ProductID,
Product_T.ProductDescription,
OrderLine_T.OrderedQuantity
FROM OrderLine_T, Order_T, Product_T
WHERE Order_T.OrderID=OrderLine_T.OrderID AND
OrderLine_T.ProductID=Product_T.ProductID AND
Order_T.CustomerID = 4;
19. Display each item ordered for order #1, its standard price, and total price for
each item ordered:
SELECT OrderLine_T.ProductID,
Product_T.ProductStandardPrice,
Sum(OrderLine_T.OrderedQuantity)*
Product_T.ProductStandardPrice AS Total
FROM Product_T INNER JOIN OrderLine_T ON
Product_T.ProductID = OrderLine_T.ProductID
GROUP BY OrderLine_T.ProductID, Product_T.StandardPrice,
OrderLine_T.OrderID
HAVING (((OrderLine_T.OrderID)= 1));
Oracle Query:
SELECT OrderLine_T.ProductID,
Product_T.ProductStandardPrice,
Sum(OrderLine_T.OrderedQuantity)*
Product_T.ProductStandardPrice
AS TotalPrice
FROM Product_T,OrderLine_T
WHERE Product_T.ProductID = OrderLine_T.ProductID
GROUP BY OrderLine_T.ProductID,
Product_T.ProductStandardPrice, OrderLine_T.OrderID
HAVING OrderLine_T.OrderID=1;

Chapter 7 347
20. Total the cost of the order for order #1:
This solution uses the results of Question 19, saved as a query or view named
order_1:
Both MS-Access and Oracle are the same.
Query:
SELECT SUM(order_1.TotalPrice) as TotalCost
FROM order_1;
21. Calculate the total raw material cost (label TotCost) for each product compared
to its standard product price and display product ID, product description,
standard price, and the total cost in the result:
Query:
SELECT P.ProductID, ProductDescription,
P.ProductStandardPrice,
SUM(GoesIntoQuantity*R.ProductStandardPrice)as TotCost
FROM Product_T as P, Uses as U, RawMaterial_T as R
WHERE P.ProductID = U.ProductID
AND U.MaterialID = R.MaterialID
GROUP BY P.ProductID, ProductDescription,
P.ProductStandardPrice;
Or here is another interesting approach using a derived table in the SELECT list:
SELECT Product_T.ProductID, Product_Description,
Product_T.ProductStandardPrice, TotCost
FROM Product_T, (SELECT ProductID,
SUM(ProductStandardPrice*GoesIntoQuantity) as TotCost
FROM Uses, RawMaterial_T
WHERE Uses.MaterialID = RawMaterial_T.MaterialID
GROUP BY ProductID) as Cost_T
WHERE Product_T.ProductID = Cost_T.ProductID;

22. For every order that has been received, display the order ID, the total dollar
amount owed on that order (you’ll have to calculate this total from attributes in
one or more tables; label this result Total_Due), and the amount received in
payments on that order (assume there is only one payment made on each order).
To make this query a little simpler, you don’t have to include those orders for
which no payment has yet been received. List the results in decreasing order by
the difference between total due and amount paid:
Query:
Just to help to verify the result, the following shows all 11 rows of the payment
table, and as assumed, there is only one payment per order, but not all orders have
payments. Note: Dates in this database sometimes change between editions of the
associated textbook, so your results may vary in terms of dates:
PayID OrderID DateC TypeC Amount CommentC
2 24 2004-03-10 D 25 cash
5 32 2004-03-11 D 3000 Cashiers Check
7 39 2004-03-11 D 600 chk 1003
4 28 2004-03-10 D 25 cash
1 1 2004-03-01 D 1000 chk101
9 51 2004-03-11 D 150 cash
11 69 2004-03-11 D 200 chk3001
10 54 2004-03-11 D 2650 Check # 343
3 26 2004-03-10 D 222 cash
6 34 2004-03-11 D 575 Chk1201
8 48 2004-03-11 D 1000 chk2301
Now the query:
SELECT OrderLine_T.OrderID,
SUM(OrderedQuantity*ProductStandardPrice) AS
TotalDue, Amount
FROM OrderLine_T, Product_T, Payment_T
WHERE OrderLine_T.ProductID = Product_T.ProductID
and OrderLine_T.OrderID = Payment_T.OrderID
GROUP BY OrderLine_T.OrderID, Amount
ORDER BY TotalDue - Amount DESC;

Chapter 7 349
23. List each customer who has bought computer desks and the number of units
bought by each customer:
The first solution is a better approach to this request as it will retrieve a result set
of computer desks, whether or not the material and description of said desk is
“oak” as is currently shown in the PVFC dataset. The second solution is an
alternative approach that relies upon the only computer desk description found in
the current PVFC dataset.
Query:
SELECT Customer_T.CustomerID, CustomerName,
SUM(OrderedQuantity) as UnitsBought
FROM OrderLine_T,Order_T,Product_T,Customer_T
WHERE ProductDescription LIKE '%Computer Desk%'
AND Order_T.OrderID = OrderLine_T.OrderID
AND Product_T.ProductId = OrderLine_T.ProductID
AND Customer_T.CustomerID = Order_T.CustomerID
GROUP BY Customer_T.CustomerID, CustomerName;
Alternate Query:
SELECT Customer_T.CustomerID, CustomerName,
SUM(OrderedQuantity) as UnitsBought
FROM OrderLine_T,Order_T,Product_T,Customer_T
WHERE ProductDescription = 'Oak Computer Desk'
AND Product_T.ProductId = OrderLine_T.ProductID
AND Customer_T.CustomerID = Order_T.CustomerID
GROUP BY Customer_T.CustomerID, CustomerName;
24. List in alphabetical order the names of all employees (managers) who are now
managing people with skill ID BS12. List each such manager’s name only once,
even if that manager manages several people with this skill:
Query:
SELECT DISTINCT M.EmployeeName
FROM Employee_T AS M, Employee_T AS E,
EmployeeSkills_T AS ES
WHERE SkillID = ‘BS12’
and ES.EmployeeID = E.EmployeeID
and E.EmployeeSupervisor = M.EmployeeID
ORDER BY 1;

25. Display the salesperson name, product finish, and total quantity sold (label as
TotSales) for each finish by each salesperson:
Query:
SELECT DISTINCT SalespersonName, ProductFinish,
SUM(OrderedQuantity) AS TotSales
FROM Salesperson_T, OrderLine_T, Product_T, Order_T
WHERE Salesperson_T.SalespersonID = Order_T.SalespersonID
AND OrderLine_T.ProductID = Product_T.ProductID
GROUP BY SalespersonName, ProductFinish;
26. Write a query to list the number of products produced in each work center (label
this result ‘TotalProducts’). If a work center does not produce any products,
display the result with a total of 0:
Query:
SELECT WorkCenter.WorkCenterID, COUNT(ProductID) as
TotalProducts
FROM WorkCenter LEFT OUTER JOIN ProducedIn_T
ON WorkCenter.WorkCenterID = ProducedIn_T.WorkCenterID
GROUP BY WorkCenter.WorkCenterID;
27. Develop a list of all the PVFC customers by name with the number of vendors in
the same state as that customer (label this computed result NumVendors):
Query:
SELECT CustomerName, COUNT(VendorID) AS NumVendors
FROM Customer_T C LEFT OUTER JOIN Vendor_T V
ON C.Customer_State = V.Vendor_State
GROUP BY CustomerName;
28. OrderIDs for customers lacking payment:
Query:
SELECT OrderID
FROM Order_T
MINUS
SELECT OrderID
FROM Payment_T;

Chapter 7 351
29. Names of states where customers reside, but have no salesperson residing in that
state:
First, a query solution using MINUS operator:
SELECT CustomerState
FROM Customer_T
MINUS
SELECT SalesPersonState
FROM Salesperson_T;
Next, a solution using OUTER JOIN operation:
SELECT DISTINCT CustomerState
FROM Customer_T
LEFT OUTER JOIN Salesperson_T
ON CustomerState = SalespersonState
WHERE Salesperson_T.SalespersonState IS NULL
ORDER BY Customer_T.CustomerState;
Student answers will vary as to which approach is chosen as the “most natural”,
especially based on their experiences or level of comfort with mathematical set
manipulations.
30. Produce a list of all the products (show product description) and the number of
times each product has been ordered:
This query requires an outer join because some products may not have been
ordered. Because many SQL systems do not have an outer join operator, often this
type of query must use the UNION command. The following answer uses this
second approach because it will work with almost any system. Also, note that the
question wants the number of times a product has been ordered, not the total
quantity ordered:
SELECT Product_T.ProductID, ProductDescription,
COUNT(*) as TimesOrdered
FROM Product_T INNER JOIN OrderLine_T ON
Product_T.ProductID =
OrderLine_T.ProductID
GROUP BY Product_T.ProductID, ProductDescription
UNION
SELECT ProductID, ProductDescription, 0
FROM Product_T
WHERE (EXISTS
(SELECT * FROM OrderLine_T
WHERE (OrderLine_T.ProductID =
Product_T.ProductID))=FALSE);

Oracle Query:
SELECT Product_T.ProductID, ProductDescription,
COUNT(*) as TimesOrdered
FROM Product_T,OrderLine_T
WHERE Product_T.ProductID =
OrderLine_T.ProductID
GROUP BY Product_T.ProductID, ProductDescription
UNION
SELECT ProductID, ProductDescription, 0
FROM Product_T
WHERE NOT EXISTS
(SELECT * FROM OrderLine_T
WHERE OrderLine_T.ProductID =
Product_T.ProductID);
31. Display the customer ID, name, and order ID for all customer orders. For those
customers who do not have any orders, include them in the display once:
Query:
SELECT c.CustomerID, CustomerName, ZEROIFNULL(OrderID)
FROM Customer_T c LEFT OUTER JOIN Order_T o
ON c.CustomerID = o.CustomerID;

Chapter 7 353
OR
SELECT CUST.CustomerID, CustomerName, OrderID
FROM Customer_T CUST
LEFT OUTER JOIN Order_T ORD
ON CUST.CustomerID = ORD.CustomerID
ORDER BY CUST.CustomerID;
32. Display the Employee ID and Employee Name for those employees who do not
possess the skill Router. Display the results in order by EmployeeName:
Query:
SELECT EmployeeID, EmployeeName FROM Employee_T
WHERE EmployeeID NOT IN
(SELECT ES.EmployeeID FROM EmployeeSkills_T AS ES,
Skill_T as S
WHERE Skill_Description = ‘Router’
and ES.SkillID = S.SkillID)
ORDER BY EmployeeName;

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canal, across which packets were continually flying. However, when
Maurice flung over a five-franc piece, wrapped in his necktie, the
Bavarian who sent him a loaf in exchange threw it in such a clumsy
or tricky fashion that it fell flop into the water, whereat the Germans
burst into a loud guffaw. Twice did Maurice repeat the experiment,
and twice the loaf sent back to him dived into the canal. On hearing
the roars of laughter which arose, some Bavarian officers ran up and
prohibited their men from selling anything to the prisoners under
penalty of severe punishment. The traffic then ceased, and Jean had
to exert himself to calm Maurice, who was shaking his fists at those
thieves yonder, shouting to them to throw him back his five-franc
pieces.
In spite of its bright sunshine the day proved a terrible one. There
were two alerts, two bugle calls, on hearing which Jean hastened to
the shed, where rations were said to be distributed. But on both
occasions, he only secured some digs in the ribs, during the
scramble. The Prussians, so remarkably well organised themselves,
continued displaying a brutal indifference with regard to the
vanquished army. Generals Douay and Lebrun having protested
against this inhuman treatment, they certainly sent a few sheep and
some cart-loads of bread to the peninsula, but there was such an
absence of method and precaution that the sheep were carried off
and the carts ransacked as soon as they had crossed the bridge, so
that the troops encamped more than a hundred yards away were no
better off than before. In fact, the prowlers and pillagers were about
the only ones who succeeded in filling their maws. Jean scented the
trick, and ended by leading Maurice towards the bridge, so that they
might wait and watch there for the arrival of provisions.
It was already four o'clock and they had as yet eaten nothing that
lovely, sunshiny day, when all at once they were delighted to catch
sight of Delaherche. A few of the townspeople of Sedan had, with
great difficulty, obtained permission to go and see the prisoners, to
whom they carried provisions; and Maurice had several times
already expressed surprise at receiving no news of his sister. As soon
as they espied Delaherche, carrying a large basket and with a loaf of

bread tucked under either arm, they sprang forward to meet him,
but once again they came up too late. Such was the rush, indeed,
that the basket and one of the loaves vanished without the
manufacturer himself being able to understand how they had been
torn away from him.
Eager as he was for popularity, he had crossed the bridge with a
smile on his lips and an air of affable good fellowship, but now he
was altogether upset and stupefied. 'Ah! my poor friends,' he
stammered.
Jean had already taken possession of the remaining loaf, and
vigorously defended it; and whilst he and Maurice were devouring
the bread by the roadside, Delaherche told them the news. His wife,
thank Heaven! was very well; but he was anxious about the colonel,
who had become extremely depressed, although Madame
Delaherche, senior, continued keeping him company from morn till
night.
'And my sister?' asked Maurice.
'Your sister, ah yes! She came with me, it was she who brought the
two loaves. Only she had to stay yonder, on the other side of the
canal. Beg as we might, the sentries would not let her pass. The
Prussians, you know, have given strict orders that women are not to
be allowed on the peninsula.'
Then he went on talking of Henriette and of her futile endeavours to
see her brother and assist him. One day, in the streets of Sedan,
chance had brought her face to face with cousin Gunther, the
captain in the Prussian Guards. He was passing along with that stern
forbidding air of his, pretending not to recognise her, and she
herself, feeling her heart rise as though she were in presence of one
of her husband's murderers, had at the first moment hastened her
steps. Then in a sudden veering which she could not account for, she
had turned back after him, and in a harsh, reproachful voice, had
told him everything, especially how her husband had been shot at
Bazeilles. And on thus hearing of his relative's frightful death, he had

made but an ambiguous gesture; it was the fortune of war, he also
might have been killed. His soldier's face barely twitched as he learnt
the news. Then, when she spoke to him of her brother who was a
prisoner, begging that he would intervene so that she might obtain
permission to see him, he refused to do so. Such intervention was
not allowed, he said; the orders were strict; and he spoke of his
superior's orders as though they were Divine commandments. On
leaving him, Henriette clearly realised that he deemed himself a
justiciar, and was swayed by all the intolerance and arrogance of an
hereditary enemy, who had grown up hating the race which he was
now chastising.
'Well,' concluded Delaherche, 'at all events you will have had some
little to eat this evening. What worries me is that I fear I sha'n't be
able to get another permit to come here.'
He then asked them if they had any commissions, and obligingly
took charge of some letters, written in pencil, which other soldiers
confided to him, for the Bavarians had been seen laughing and
lighting their pipes with the missives which they had promised to
forward. Then, whilst Maurice and Jean were accompanying him
back to the bridge, he suddenly exclaimed: 'Look! there's Henriette
yonder. Can't you see her waving her handkerchief?'
Indeed, among the throng behind the line of sentinels, a thin little
face could be espied, a white speck, as it were, palpitating in the
sunlight. Greatly affected, with their eyes moist, both soldiers
immediately raised their arms and answered with an energetic wave
of the hand.
The morrow, a Friday, proved the most fearful day that Maurice had
spent on the peninsula. True enough, after passing another quiet
night in the little wood, he had been lucky enough to get some
bread to eat; Jean having discovered an old woman at the château
of Villette who had some for sale, at the moderate price of ten francs
the pound. Later on that day, however, they both witnessed a
frightful scene, the nightmare-like memory of which long haunted
them.

Chouteau had noticed the previous evening that Pache no longer
complained, but was going about with a lightsome, contented air,
like a man who has eaten his fill. The idea at once occurred to him
that the slyboots must have a hidden store somewhere; and he was
confirmed in this impression in the morning when he saw Pache go
off for nearly an hour, and come back smiling slyly, with his mouth
still full. Some windfall must certainly have come to him; he had
probably got hold of some provisions or other in one of the
scrambles. Thereupon Chouteau set himself the task of stirring up
Loubet and Lapoulle, especially the latter. 'Ah!' said he, 'what a dirty
cur that fellow Pache must be, to have some grub and not to share it
with his comrades. I'll tell you what, we'll follow him this evening.
We'll just see if he'll dare to gorge himself all alone, when other poor
devils are kicking the bucket all round him.'
'Yes, yes, we'll follow him!' Lapoulle angrily repeated. 'We'll just see
what it means.'
So saying, the colossus clenched his fists, maddened by the idea of
getting something to eat. He experienced even greater suffering
than the others, on account of his terrible appetite; indeed, his
torment became at times so intense that he had even tried to chew
the grass. He had secured nothing else to eat since two days
previously, since the night, in fact, when the horseflesh and beetroot
had given him such a frightful attack of dysentery. Despite his great
strength, he was so clumsy with his big limbs that he had not been
able to secure anything when the provision carts were pillaged. He
would now have given his blood for a pound of bread.
When night was falling Pache glided away among the trees of Glaire
Tower, and the three others cautiously crept after him. 'We mustn't
rouse his suspicions,' repeated Chouteau. 'Be careful, he might look
back.'
However, after going another hundred yards or so, Pache evidently
fancied himself alone, for he began walking rapidly without casting a
glance behind. They were thus easily able to follow him to the
neighbouring quarries, and came up behind him just as he was

moving two large stones to take a half loaf of bread from under
them. This was all that remained of his hoard, just enough to make
one more meal.
'You dirty black-beetle!' shouted Lapoulle. 'So that's why you hide
yourself, is it? You'll just give me that. It's my share.'
Give his bread, indeed! Why should he give it? However puny he
might be, his anger made him draw himself erect, pressing the
bread to his heart with all the strength he possessed. He, also, was
hungry. 'Mind your own business!' he answered, 'it's mine!'
Then, at sight of Lapoulle's raised fist, he darted away, galloping
down from the quarries towards the bare fields in the direction of
Donchery. The three others pursued him, panting, as fast as their
legs could carry them. He gained ground, however, being lighter
than they were, so frightened too, and so bent on not losing his
bread, that it seemed as though the wind were carrying him away.
He had already gone more than a thousand yards, and was nearing
the little wood on the river bank, when he overtook Jean and
Maurice, who were returning to their night quarters there. As he
rushed by he raised a cry of distress, whilst they, astounded at sight
of this man-hunt so wildly galloping past them, stopped short at the
edge of a field, where they remained watching. And thus it was that
they saw everything.
Stumbling against a stone, Pache unhappily fell to the ground. The
three others were already coming up, swearing and howling,
maddened by their run, like wolves overtaking their prey.
'Give it me, thunder!' shouted Lapoulle, 'or I'll settle your hash!' And
he was again raising his fist when Chouteau, after opening the little
knife that had served to slaughter the horse, passed it to him,
exclaiming: 'Here! take the knife.'
Meantime, however, Jean had darted forward to prevent an affray.
He also was losing his head, and talked of sending them all to the
guard-room; whereat Loubet, with an evil grin, told him he must be

a Prussian, for there were no officers left, so to say, the Prussians
alone now exercising authority.
'D——!' repeated Lapoulle, 'will you give me that bread?'
Despite the terror that blanched his face, Pache hugged the bread
yet more closely to his chest, with the obstinacy of a famished
peasant, who will never part with anything belonging to him.
'No!'
Then in a trice it was all over; the brute planted the knife in his
throat with such violence that he did not even raise a cry. His arms
relaxed, and the hunk of bread rolled to the ground, into the blood
that had spurted from the wound.
At sight of this mad, imbecile murder, Maurice, hitherto motionless,
seemed all at once to lose his reason. Shaking his fists at the three
men, he called them assassins with such vehemence that his frame
shook from head to foot. Lapoulle, however, did not even seem to
hear him. Still crouching on the ground near the corpse, he was
devouring the blood-splashed bread with an air of fierce stupor, as
though stunned by the loud noise of his own jaws; and he appeared
so terrible whilst he thus satisfied his craving appetite, that
Chouteau and Loubet did not even dare to ask him for their share.
Night had now completely gathered in, a clear night with a beautiful
starry sky; and Maurice and Jean, who had betaken themselves to
the little wood, were soon only able to see Lapoulle, who went
wandering up and down the river-bank. Chouteau and Loubet had
disappeared, they had no doubt gone back to the canal-bank,
uneasy with regard to that corpse which they were leaving behind
them. Lapoulle, on the contrary, seemed afraid to go and join his
comrades. Oppressed by the weight of that big chunk of bread
which he had swallowed too fast, he was now, too, after the
dizziness of the murder-moment, seized with an anguish which
made motion a necessity; and not daring to turn back along the
road, across which the corpse was lying, he tramped incessantly
along the steep river-bank, with a wavering, irresolute step. Was

remorse already dawning in the depths of that dark soul? Or was it
not simply the fear of discovery? He paced up and down like a wild
beast before the bars of its cage, with a sudden, growing longing to
flee, a longing which was painful like a physical ailment, and which
he felt would cause his death if he did not satisfy it. Quick, quick, he
must at once get out of that prison where he had killed. And yet,
despite that eager desire, he all at once sank down, and for a long
time remained wallowing among the rushes on the bank.
Meantime Maurice, in his horror and disgust, was saying to Jean:
'Listen, I can't stay here a moment longer. It will drive me mad, I
assure you—I'm astonished that my body has held out—my health is
not so bad—but I'm losing my head, I'm losing it sure enough—I
shall be lost if you leave me another day in this hell. Let's get off, I
beg of you, let's get off.' And thereupon he began unfolding various
extravagant plans of escape which he had formed. They would swim
across the Meuse, spring upon the sentinels, and strangle them with
a bit of rope which he had in his pocket; or else they would stone
them to death; or else bribe them and put on their uniforms so as to
make their way through the Prussian lines.
'Be quiet, youngster,' repeated Jean, despairingly. 'It frightens me to
hear you say such foolish things. Is there any sense in it all, is it
possible to get away as you think? Wait till to-morrow, we'll see what
happens. And now don't talk about it any more.'
For his own part, although his heart was overflowing with anger and
disgust, although he was greatly weakened by privation, he still
retained his common sense amid all that nightmare-kind of life which
verged on the profoundest depths of human misery. And as his
comrade became more and more desperate and wished to fling
himself into the Meuse, he had to hold him back and even do him
violence, alternately scolding and supplicating, with tears standing in
his eyes. 'There! look!' he exclaimed all at once.
The water had just splashed, and they saw that Lapoulle had made
up his mind to slip into the river after doffing his capote, for fear lest
it might impede his movements. His shirt could be plainly descried,

forming a whitish spot on the bosom of the black, flowing water. He
was swimming slowly upstream, doubtless on the look-out for some
spot where he might land. Meantime, on the opposite bank, the slim
silhouettes of the motionless sentinels could be plainly distinguished.
Then, all at once, a flash rent the night asunder, and a report
crackled, re-echoing as far as the rocks of Montimont. The river
merely bubbled as though struck downward by a pair of oars, and
that was all; forsaken and inert, Lapoulle's body, the white speck on
the dark water, began floating away, carried along by the current.
At daybreak on the morrow, which was Saturday, Jean again brought
Maurice back to the camping-ground of the 106th in the hope that
they might be leaving the peninsula that day. But there were no
orders; it seemed as though the regiment had been forgotten. Many
had now taken their departure, the camp was emptying, and those
who were still left in it sank more and more deeply into the blues.
For eight long days insanity had been germinating and spreading in
that hell. The rain, no doubt, had given over, but the oppressive,
burning sunlight had only wrought a change of torture. The
excessive heat put the finishing touch to the men's exhaustion, and
imparted an alarming epidemical character to the attacks of
dysentery. What with nausea and diarrhœa, this army of sick men
quite poisoned the atmosphere in which it lived. It was no longer
possible to skirt the banks either of the Meuse or the canal, so foul
had become the stench of the drowned horses and soldiers rotting
among the herbage. Moreover, the horses which had died of
starvation lay putrefying in the fields, exhaling such a pestilence that
the Prussians began to fear for themselves, and bringing picks and
shovels, compelled the prisoners to bury the bodies.
That Saturday, by the way, the famine ceased. As their numbers
were now greatly reduced, and provisions were coming in from all
sides, the captives passed, all at once, from extreme destitution to
the most abundant plenty. There was no lack of bread or meat, or
even wine, and they ate from dawn till sunset, to the point of killing
themselves. Night fell and some were still eating, and even went on

eating till the following morning. And naturally enough many of them
gave up the ghost.
Throughout the day Jean's one preoccupation was to keep a watch
on Maurice, for he realised that the young fellow was now ripe for
any extravagant action. Heated by wine he had even talked of
cuffing a German officer in order that he might be sent away.
Accordingly, in the evening, having discovered a vacant corner in the
cellar of one of the outbuildings of Glaire Tower, Jean thought it
prudent to go and sleep there with his companion, in the hope that
the latter would be calmed by a good night's rest. But it proved the
most fearful night of their whole sojourn in the camp, a perfect night
of horrors, during which they were not once able to close their eyes.
Other soldiers helped to fill the cellar, and among them were two
men lying side by side in the same corner, and dying of dysentery.
As soon as the darkness had come, these two did not cease
complaining, with hollow groans, inarticulate cries, followed at last
by a death-rattle which became louder and louder, sounding so awful
in the pitchy darkness that the other men who were lying there,
longing to sleep, became quite enraged, and called to the dying
soldiers to hold their peace. But the latter did not hear, and the rattle
went on, ceasing for a moment perhaps every now and then, but
suddenly breaking forth anew, and then drowning every other
sound; whilst, in the intervals, the drunken clamour of the comrades
who were still eating, unable to satisfy themselves, was wafted from
without.
Then Maurice's agony began. He had tried to flee from that plaint of
atrocious pain, which brought the sweat of anguish to his brow; but
whilst he was rising and fumbling he stumbled over some
outstretched limbs and fell to the ground again, walled up, as it
were, with those dying men. And he made no further attempt to
escape. A vision of the whole frightful disaster was rising up before
him, from the time of their departure from Rheims to the crushing
blow of Sedan. It seemed to him also as though the passion of the
Army of Châlons were only that night coming to an end, amid the
inky blackness of that cellar, resounding with the death-rattle of

those two soldiers who prevented their comrades from sleeping. The
army of despair, the expiatory flock, offered up as a holocaust, had,
at each of its Stations,[39] paid for the faults of all with the red flood
of its blood. And, now, ingloriously slaughtered and beslavered, it
was sinking to martyrdom beneath a more brutal chastisement than
it had deserved. 'Twas too much, Maurice was boiling over with
anger, hungering for justice, burning to avenge himself on Destiny.
When the morning twilight appeared one of the two soldiers was
dead, but the other's throat was still rattling.
'Come on, youngster,' said Jean, gently; 'we'll go and get some fresh
air, that will be best.'
Strolling along in the pure morning air, which was already warm,
they skirted the steep river-bank till they again found themselves
near the village of Iges. And then Maurice suddenly became more
excited than ever, shaking his fist at the far-spreading, sunlit horizon
of the battlefield, which was spread out before him, the plateau of
Illy just opposite, St. Menges on his left, and the wood of La
Garenne on his right hand.
'No, no!' he cried. 'I cannot—I cannot bear the sight of all that any
longer! It pierces my heart and drives me mad! Take me away, take
me away at once!'
That day was again a Sunday; the pealing of church bells was
wafted from Sedan, and a German regimental band could already be
heard playing in the distance. However, there were still no orders for
the 106th, and, frightened by Maurice's growing delirium, Jean made
up his mind to try a plan which he had been nursing since the
previous day. On the road, in front of the German guard-house,
preparations were being made for the departure of another
regiment, the 5th of the Line. Great confusion prevailed in the
column, which an officer, who spoke very indifferent French, could
not succeed in counting. And thereupon Jean and Maurice, having
torn off both the collars and buttons of their uniforms, in order that
the number of their regiment might not betray them, slipped into the

midst of the throng, crossed the bridge, and thus at last found
themselves on the road. The same idea must have occurred to
Chouteau and Loubet, whom they espied behind them, glancing
nervously on either side, like the murderers they were.
Ah! how great was the relief of those first happy moments! Now that
they were outside their prison, it seemed like a resurrection, a return
to living light and boundless air, the flowery awakening of every
hope. And whatever might be their misfortunes now, they feared
them not, they could afford to laugh at them, for had they not
emerged unscathed from the frightful nightmare of the Camp of
Misery?
CHAPTER III
THE SLAVE-DRIVERS—A BID FOR FREEDOM
That morning, for the last time, had Jean and Maurice heard the gay
calls of the French bugles, and now they were marching along the
road to Germany among the drove of prisoners, which was preceded
and followed by platoons of Prussian soldiers, others of whom, with
fixed bayonets, kept a watch upon the captives on either hand. And
now they only heard the shrill, dismal notes of the German trumpets
at each guard-post that they passed.
Maurice was delighted to find that the column turned to the left, so
that it would evidently pass through Sedan. Perhaps he would be
lucky enough to catch a glimpse of his sister there. However, the
three-mile march from the peninsula of Iges to the town, sufficed to
damp the joy he felt at having emerged from that cesspool where he
had been agonising for nine long days. This pitiable convoy of
prisoners, of disarmed soldiers with hanging arms, led away like so
many sheep, at a hasty, timorous scamper, was but a fresh form of
torture. Clad in rags, soiled with the filth in which they had been

abandoned, emaciated by more than a week's privation, they now
looked like so many vagabonds, suspicious tramps picked up along
the roads by some scouring party of gendarmes. By the time they
had reached the suburb of Torcy, where men paused on the side-
walks and women came to their doors to gaze at them with an
expression of gloomy compassion, Maurice already felt stifling, and
bowed his head, his mouth twitching with the bitterness of his
sensations.
Jean, however, endowed with a practical mind and a tougher skin,
thought only of their foolishness in neglecting to bring a couple of
loaves of bread away with them. In the wild haste of their departure
they had come away, indeed, with their stomachs empty, and hunger
was once again weakening their legs. Other captives must have
been similarly situated, for many of them held out money, begging
the people of Torcy to sell them something. One very tall fellow, who
looked extremely ill, waved a bit of gold, with his long arm raised
over the heads of the soldiers of the escort, and was in despair that
he could find nothing to buy. Just then Jean, who was watching,
espied a dozen loaves in a pile, outside a baker's shop, some little
distance ahead. Before any of the others he threw down a five-franc
piece, intending to take a couple of the loaves. Then, as one of the
Prussian soldiers brutally pushed him back, he obstinately made an
effort to regain his money. But the captain in charge of the column,
a bald-headed little man with a brutal face, was already rushing up.
Raising his revolver with the butt downward over Jean's head, he
declared with an oath that he would split the skull of the first man
who dared to stir. And thereupon they all bent their backs and
lowered their eyes, continuing their march with a subdued tramp,
the quailing submissiveness of a flock of sheep.
'Oh! how I should like to slap him,' muttered Maurice savagely, 'box
his ears, and smash his teeth with a back-hander.'
From that moment he could not bear to look at that captain, whose
scornful face he so desired to smack. They were now entering
Sedan, crossing the bridge over the Meuse, and not a moment

passed without some fresh scene of brutality. A woman, a mother
doubtless, was desirous of embracing a young sergeant, but was
pushed back so violently with the butt of a gun, that she fell to the
ground. On the Place Turenne some well-to-do townsfolk were
belaboured because they compassionately threw provisions to the
prisoners. In the High Street one of the captives, having slipped
down in trying to take a bottle of wine offered to him by a lady, was
kicked to his feet again. And although, during the last eight days,
Sedan had frequently seen the miserable herds of the defeat driven
through its streets in this same brutal fashion, it could not accustom
itself to the spectacle, but at each fresh défilé was stirred by a fever
of compassion and resentment.
Jean, who by this time had grown calm again, was, like Maurice,
thinking of Henriette; and, all at once, too, the idea that they might
see Delaherche occurred to him. He nudged his comrade and
remarked: 'Keep your eyes open by-and-by if we pass down the
street.'
And, indeed, as soon as they entered the Rue Maqua, they caught
sight of several heads peering forth from one of the monumental
windows of the factory, and as they drew nearer, they recognised
Delaherche and his wife Gilberte, with their elbows resting on the
window bar, whilst behind them stood Madame Delaherche senior,
erect, with a stern expression on her face. They all three had some
loaves with them, and these Delaherche flung to the famished
captives who were holding up trembling, imploring hands.
Maurice immediately noticed that his sister was not one of the party;
whilst Jean, on seeing so many loaves rain down, became all anxiety,
fearing that none would remain for them. He waved his arm
frantically and called: 'For us! For us!'
The Delaherches evinced an almost joyous surprise. Their faces, pale
with pity, immediately brightened, and gestures expressive of their
pleasure at the meeting escaped them. Gilberte herself wished to
throw the last loaf into Jean's arms, and did so in such a charmingly

awkward way that she could not restrain a pretty laugh at her own
expense.
Unable to halt, Maurice turned his head, and with the greatest
rapidity called in an anxious, questioning tone: 'And Henriette?
Henriette?'
Delaherche answered in a long phrase which was drowned by the
tramping of the men. He must have realised that the young fellow
had not heard him, for immediately afterwards he began making a
variety of signs, pointing especially towards the South. However, the
column was already entering the Rue du Ménil, and the factory
façade was lost to sight, together with the three heads protruding
from the window, and a hand which was waving a handkerchief.
'What did he say to you?' asked Jean.
Maurice, sorely worried, was still vainly looking behind him. 'I don't
know, I didn't understand—I shall be anxious now, as long as I don't
get some news.'
And meantime the tramping continued, the Prussians hastened the
march with the brutality of conquerors, and the wretched flock,
stretched into a narrow file, passed out of Sedan by the Ménil Gate,
scampering along like sheep in fear of the dogs.
As they passed through Bazeilles, Jean and Maurice bethought
themselves of Weiss, and looked for the ashes of the little house
which had been so valiantly defended. During their sojourn at the
Camp of Misery some comrades had told them of the devastation of
the village, the fires and the massacres, but the sight they beheld
surpassed all the abomination they had pictured. Although twelve
days had now elapsed since the disaster, the piles of ruins were still
smoking. Many damaged walls had fallen in, and in all this village of
two thousand souls there were now not ten houses standing. The
captive soldiers were consoled somewhat, however, on meeting
numerous barrows and carts full of Bavarian helmets and rifles,
which had been picked up since the struggle. This proof that a large

number of these cut-throats and incendiaries had been slain, in
some measure relieved the prisoners' feelings.
They were to halt at Douzy, nominally for the purpose of
breakfasting, and did not get there without having suffered.
Exhausted, indeed, by their long fast, the captives were speedily
fatigued. Those who had gorged themselves with food on the
previous day, became giddy and heavy, and felt their legs sink
beneath them; their gluttony, far from restoring their lost strength,
had, in fact, only weakened them the more. And so, when the
column halted in a meadow on the left of the village of Douzy, the
unfortunate fellows flung themselves on the grass, lacking even the
energy to eat. There was no wine, and some charitable women who
endeavoured to approach, bringing a few bottles, were driven away
by the sentries. One of them, badly frightened, fell and sprained her
ankle, and then there were cries and tears, quite a revolting scene,
whilst the Prussians, who had confiscated the bottles of wine,
proceeded to drink their contents. This tender compassion of the
peasants for the poor soldiers who were being led away into
captivity, was constantly manifested along the route; but on the
other hand they were said to display great harshness towards the
general officers. A few days previously the inhabitants of that very
village of Douzy had hissed a convoy of generals who were
proceeding on parole to Pont-à-Mousson. The roads were not safe
for officers; men in blouses, soldiers who had escaped the foe, or
who had possibly deserted before the fight, sprang upon them with
pitchforks to massacre them, shouting that they were cowards and
had sold themselves; thus helping to ingraft that legend of treachery
which twenty years later still caused the folks of these districts to
speak with execration of all who were in command during that
disastrous campaign.
Seated on the grass, Maurice and Jean ate half of their loaf, and
were luckily able to wash it down with a drop of brandy, with which
a worthy farmer managed to fill a flask they had. Then the starting
off again proved a terrible business. They were to sleep at Mouzon,
but although the march was a short one, the effort they must needs

make appeared more than they could accomplish. They were unable
to rise without groaning, to such a point were their weary limbs
stiffened by the slightest rest. Several men whose feet were bleeding
took off their boots to be able to resume the march. Dysentery was
still wreaking havoc among them; they had gone but a thousand
yards or so when a first man fell and was pushed against the
wayside bank. Farther on two others sank down beside a hedge, and
it was night before an old woman came along and succoured them.
Those who kept up were tottering, leaning on sticks which the
Prussians, possibly in a spirit of derision, had allowed them to cut on
the verge of a little wood. They had become a mere band of beggars
covered with sores, emaciated, and scarce able to breathe. Yet their
custodians continued treating them with great brutality; those who
stepped aside even to satisfy a want of nature were whacked into
the ranks again. The escort-platoon in the rear had orders to drive
on the laggards at the bayonet's point. A sergeant having refused to
go any farther, the captain commanded two of his men to catch hold
of him under the arms, and drag him along till he consented to walk
afresh. Especially were the captives tortured by that bald-headed
little officer, whose face they longed to slap, and who abused his
knowledge of French to insult them in their own language, in curt
galling phrases, as cutting as the lashes of a whip.
'Oh! how I should like to hold him,' Maurice passionately repeated,
'hold him, and drain him of all his blood, drop by drop.'
The young fellow could no longer endure it all; he suffered, however,
far more from the anger he was compelled to restrain than from
physical exhaustion. Everything exasperated him, even those jarring
calls of the Prussian trumpets at which, in his enervated condition,
he could have howled like a dog. He felt that he should be unable to
accomplish this cruel journey without getting his skull cracked. Even
now in passing through the smallest hamlets he experienced intense
suffering at sight of the women who looked at him with so deep an
expression of pity. What would it be then when they got to Germany,
and the townsfolk scrambled to see them, and greeted them, as
they greeted the other prisoners, with insulting laughter? He

pictured the cattle-trucks in which they would be heaped together,
the nauseating abominations and tortures of the road, the dreary life
in the fortresses under the snow-laden sky of winter. No, no! rather
death at once, rather the risk of leaving his skin at the turn of a road
on the soil of France than rot over yonder, in some black casemate,
possibly for long months.
'Listen,' said he, in a low voice to Jean, who was walking beside him,
'we'll wait till we pass a wood, and then we'll jump aside and slip
between the trees. The Belgian frontier isn't far, we shall surely find
some one or other to guide us.'
Jean shuddered; despite the feeling of revolt which was making him
also dream of escape, he yet retained his calmer, more practical
mind. 'You are mad,' he said. 'They would fire on us, and we should
both be shot.'
But there was a chance that they might not be hit, retorted Maurice;
besides, even supposing they were shot down, well, so much the
better.
'But supposing we escaped,' continued Jean, 'what would become of
us in our uniforms? You can see very well that the country is covered
with Prussian pickets. It would, at any rate, be necessary to have
some other clothes. Yes, it's too dangerous, youngster. I can't let
you do anything so foolish.'
It became necessary that he should restrain the young fellow, and
whilst he strove to calm him with chiding but affectionate words, he
caught hold of his arm and pressed it closely to his side, so that they
appeared to be mutually supporting one another. They had taken but
a few steps, however, when some words exchanged in an undertone
behind them made them turn their heads. The whisperers were
Chouteau and Loubet, who had started from the peninsula that
morning at the same time as themselves, and whom they had
hitherto avoided. The two rascals were now at their heels, however,
and Chouteau must have heard what Maurice had said of trying to
escape through a plantation, for he adopted the idea on his own

account. 'I say,' he muttered, craning his head forward so that they
felt his breath on their necks, 'we'll join you. That idea of sloping's a
capital one. Some of the comrades have already gone off, and we
certainly can't let ourselves be dragged like so many dogs to the
country where these pigs live. Is it agreed, eh? Shall we four fellows
take a breath of fresh air?'
Maurice was again growing feverish, and Jean turned round to say
to the tempter: 'Well, if you're in a hurry, you can go on in front.
What do you hope for?'
Under the corporal's searching gaze, Chouteau became disconcerted,
and imprudently let the cat out of the bag. 'Well! it would be easier
if there were four of us,' said he. 'One or two would always manage
to get off.'
Thereupon, with an energetic shake of the head, Jean altogether
declined taking part in the venture. He mistrusted Monsieur
Chouteau, said he, and feared some act of treachery. However, he
had to exert all his authority over Maurice to prevent the young
fellow from yielding to his desire, for just then an opportunity
presented itself; they were passing a very leafy little wood, which
was merely separated from the road by a field thickly dotted with
bushes. To gallop across that field and disappear in the thickets,
would not that mean safety and freedom?
Loubet had so far said nothing. Firmly resolved, however, not to go
and moulder in Germany, he was sniffing the air with his restless
nose, and watching for the favourable moment with those sharp
eyes of his, like the crafty fellow he was. Doubtless he relied on his
legs and his artfulness, which had so far always helped him out of
his scrapes. And all at once he made up his mind. 'Ah! dash it! I've
had enough. I'm off.'
At one bound he had sprung into the neighbouring field, and
Chouteau, following his example, galloped off beside him. Two men
of the escort at once started in pursuit, without either of them
thinking of stopping the runaways with a bullet. It was all over so

quickly that at the first moment one could hardly understand what
had happened. However, it seemed as though Loubet, who had
taken a zigzag course through the bushes, would certainly escape,
whereas Chouteau, who was less nimble, already appeared on the
point of being recaptured. But with a supreme effort he all at once
gained ground, and, on overtaking his comrade, contrived to trip him
up. And then, whilst the two Prussians were springing upon the
prostrate man to hold him down, the other bounded into the wood
and disappeared. A few shots were fired after him, the escort
suddenly remembering its needle-guns, and a battue was even
attempted among the trees, but with no result.
Meanwhile the two German soldiers were belabouring the prostrate
Loubet. The captain had rushed to the spot, quite beside himself,
and shouted that an example must be made; at which
encouragement the men continued raining such savage kicks and
blows with the butts of their guns upon the recaptured prisoner,
that, on being raised from the ground, he was found to have his
skull split and an arm broken. Before they reached Mouzon he
expired in the little cart of a peasant, who had been willing to take
him up.
'There, you see,' Jean contented himself with muttering in Maurice's
ear.
They both darted towards the impenetrable wood a glance which
expressed all their hatred of the bandit who was now galloping off in
liberty; and they ended by feeling full of pity for the poor devil, his
victim; a lickerish tooth, no doubt, not of much value certainly, but
all the same good company, full of expedients, and by no means a
fool. Yet his fate had shown that no matter how artful a man might
be, he inevitably found his master and came to grief at last.
In spite of this terrible lesson, however, Maurice, on reaching
Mouzon, was still haunted by that fixed idea of escaping. They were
all so frightfully weary on their arrival that the Prussians had to help
them pitch the few tents which were placed at their disposal. The
camp was formed near the town, on some low, marshy ground, and

the worst was that another column having occupied the same spot
on the previous day, it was covered with filth, to protect themselves
from which the men had to spread out a number of large flat stones,
which they luckily found in a heap, near by. The evening proved less
trying, as the watchfulness of the Prussians relaxed somewhat when
their captain had gone off to take up his quarters at an inn. The
sentries began by letting some children throw apples and pears to
the prisoners, and at last even allowed the inhabitants of the
neighbourhood to enter the camp, so that there was soon quite a
little crowd of improvised hawkers there, men and women, selling
bread, wine, and even cigars. All those who had any money ate,
drank, and smoked, and in the pale twilight the scene was like some
corner of a village market, full of noisy animation.
Maurice, however, seated behind one of the tents, was growing
more and more excited, again and again saying to Jean: 'I cannot
stand it any longer. I shall bolt as soon as it is dark. To-morrow we
shall be going farther and farther away from the frontier, and it will
then be too late.'
'All right, we'll try it then,' at last replied Jean, unable to resist the
young fellow's entreaties any longer, and giving way, on his own
side, to this same haunting idea of escape. 'We shall soon see if we
leave our skins behind us.'
From that moment, however, he began scanning all the vendors
around him. Some comrades had procured blouses and pants, and it
was rumoured that some charitable folks of Mouzon had got
together large stocks of clothes in view of facilitating the escape of
the captives. Jean's attention was almost immediately attracted by a
pretty girl, a tall stag-eyed blonde of some sixteen summers, who
had on her arm a basket, in which three loaves of bread were to be
seen. She did not call out what she had for sale like the others did,
but stepped along in a hesitating way, with a smile which, although
engaging, was somewhat tinged with anxiety. Jean gazed steadily in
her face, and at last their eyes met, and for a moment commingled.

Then the pretty girl came forward, still smiling in her embarrassed
way: 'Do you want some bread?' she asked.
Jean did not answer, but questioned her with a wink. And as she
nodded her head in an affirmative way, he popped the question in a
very low voice: 'There are some clothes?'
'Yes, under the loaves,' she answered, thereupon making up her
mind to call out: 'Bread! bread! Who'll buy bread?'
When Maurice, however, wished to slip twenty francs into her hand,
she hastily withdrew it, and ran off, leaving them the basket. Still,
before she disappeared, they saw her turn round and dart on them
the tender, sympathetic laugh of her lovely eyes.
Although they had the basket they were still as perplexed as ever.
They had strayed from their tent, and were so bewildered that they
could not find it again. Where should they stow themselves away?
How could they change their clothes? It seemed to them that
everyone was prying into that basket, which Jean was carrying in
such an awkward manner, and could plainly detect what it
contained. At last, however, they made up their minds, and entered
the first empty tent they came upon, where in desperate haste each
of them divested himself of his regimentals and slipped on a pair of
trousers and a blouse. They placed their uniforms under the loaves
in the basket and left the latter in the tent. However, they had only
found one cap among the garments provided, and this Jean had
compelled Maurice to put on. For his own part, he was bareheaded,
and, exaggerating the danger, he fancied himself lost. So he was still
lingering there, wondering how he could obtain any headgear, when
the idea suddenly came to him to buy the hat of a dirty old man
whom he saw selling cigars. 'Three sous apiece, Brussels cigars, five
sous a couple, Brussels cigars!'
There had been no customs' service on the frontier, since the battle
of Sedan, so that Belgian articles were flooding the country-side
without let or hindrance. The ragged old fellow had already realised
a handsome profit, but he nevertheless manifested exorbitant

pretensions when he understood why Jean wished to buy his hat, a
greasy bit of felt with a hole in the crown. A couple of five-franc
pieces had to be handed him before he would part with it, and even
then he whimpered that he should certainly catch cold.
Another idea, however, had just occurred to Jean, that of purchasing
the remainder of the old fellow's stock in trade, the three dozen
cigars or so which he was still hawking through the camp. And
having accomplished this, the corporal in his turn began walking
about, with the old hat drawn over his eyes, whilst in a drawling
voice he called: 'Three sous a couple, three sous a couple, Brussels
cigars!'
This meant salvation, and he signed to Maurice to walk on before
him. The young fellow, by great good fortune, had just picked up an
umbrella dropped or forgotten by one of the hawkers, and as a few
drops of rain were falling, he quietly opened it so that it might
screen him whilst passing the line of sentinels.
'Three sous a couple, three sous a couple, Brussels cigars!' cried
Jean, who in a few minutes had rid himself of his stock. The other
prisoners laughed and pressed around him; here at all events, said
they, was a reasonable dealer who didn't rob poor folks! Attracted
too by the cheapness of the cigars some of the Prussians even
approached, and Jean had to supply them. He manœuvred so as to
pass the guarded camp-line, and eventually sold his two last cigars
to a big-bearded Prussian sergeant, who did not speak a word of
French.
'Don't walk so quick, dash it all!' he repeated as he walked on behind
Maurice; 'you'll get us caught if you do.'
Their legs were almost running away with them, and only a great
effort induced them to pause for a moment on reaching a crossway,
where some clusters of people were standing outside an inn. Some
French gentlemen were there, peaceably chatting with several
German soldiers; and Jean and Maurice pretended to listen and even
ventured to say a few words about the rain, which it seemed likely

would fall heavily during the night. Meantime, a fat gentleman, who
was among the persons present, looked at them so persistently that
they trembled. As he ended, however, by smiling in a good-natured
way, they ventured to ask him in an undertone: 'Is the road to
Belgium guarded, sir?'
'Yes, but go through that wood and then bear to the left, across the
fields.'
When they found themselves in the wood, amid the deep, dark
silence of the motionless trees, when they could no longer hear a
sound, when nothing more stirred and they believed that they were
really saved, a feeling of extraordinary emotion threw them into one
another's arms. Maurice wept, sobbing violently, whilst tears slowly
gathered in Jean's eyes and trickled down his cheeks. Their nerves
were relaxing after their prolonged torments, they hopefully thought
that perhaps suffering would now take some compassion on them
and torture them no longer. And meantime they clasped each other
closely in a distracted embrace, fraught with the fraternity born of all
that they had suffered together; and the kiss that they exchanged
seemed to them the most loving, the most ardent of their life, a kiss
such as they would never receive from a woman, the kiss of
immortal friendship exchanged in the absolute certainty that their
two hearts no longer formed but one, for ever and ever more.
'Youngster,' resumed Jean in a trembling voice, when they had
ceased clasping one another, 'it's already a good deal to be here, but
we are not at the end of the job. We must take our bearings a little.'
Although he was not acquainted with this point of the frontier,
Maurice declared that they need only go on before them; and
thereupon gliding along, one behind the other, they stealthily made
their way to the verge of the plantations. Here they remembered the
directions given them by the obliging fat gentleman, and resolved to
turn to the left and cut across the stubble. But they almost at once
came upon a road edged with poplars, and perceived the watchfire
of a Prussian picket barring the way. A sentinel's bayonet glistened in
the firelight; the other men were chatting and finishing their evening

meal. At this sight Jean and Maurice at once retraced their steps and
again plunged into the wood, with the fear of being pursued. They
fancied indeed they could hear voices and footsteps behind them,
and continued beating about the thickets during more than an hour,
losing all idea of the directions they took, turning round and round,
at times breaking into a gallop like hares scampering under the
bushes, and at others stopping short and perspiring with anguish in
front of some motionless oak trees which they mistook for Prussians.
And at last they once more debouched into the road lined with
poplars, at ten paces or so from the sentinel, and near the other
men who were now quietly warming themselves around the
watchfire.
'No luck!' growled Maurice, 'it's an enchanted wood.'
This time, however, they had been heard. They had broken a few
twigs in passing, and some stones were rolling away. And as, upon
hearing the sentinel's 'Wer da?' they immediately took to their heels
without answering, the picket rushed to arms and fired in their
direction, riddling the thicket with bullets.
'Curse it!' swore Jean in a hollow voice, restraining a cry of pain. The
calf of his left leg had received a stinging blow, not unlike the cut of
a whip, but so violent that it had thrown him to the ground against a
tree.
'Are you hit?' asked Maurice anxiously.
'Yes, in the leg—it's done for.'
They both listened again, panting, with the fear of hearing the
tumult of pursuit at their heels. But no further shots were fired, and
nothing more stirred in the great quivering silence, which was falling
around them again. The Prussians evidently did not care to venture
among the trees. However, in trying to set himself erect Jean was
hardly able to restrain a groan. Maurice held him up, and asked:
'Can you walk?'

'I'm afraid not.' He, as a rule so calm, was now becoming enraged.
He clenched his fists, and felt inclined to hit himself: 'Ah! good Lord!
how fearfully unlucky to get one's leg damaged when there's so
much running to be done! I may just as well fling myself on a
rubbish heap at once! Go on by yourself.'
Maurice, however, contented himself with answering gaily: 'How silly
you are!'
He had taken his friend by the arm and was now helping him along,
both of them being eager to get away. By an heroic effort they had
managed to take a few steps, when they again halted, alarmed at
seeing a house in front of them, a little farm, so it seemed, on the
verge of the wood. There was no light in any of the windows, the
yard-gate was wide open, and the building looked black and empty.
And when they had mustered sufficient courage to enter the yard,
they were astonished to find a horse standing near the house,
saddled and bridled, but with nothing to show why or how it had
come there. Perhaps its master would soon return; perhaps he was
lying behind some bush with his head split. But whatever the truth
was, they never learned it.
A new plan, however, had suddenly dawned on Maurice's mind and
quite inspirited him. 'Listen,' said he, 'the frontier is too far away;
and besides, we should really require a guide to reach it. But if we
went to Remilly now, to uncle Fouchard's, I'm sure that I could take
you there with my eyes shut, for I know all the lanes and by-ways.
Is it agreed, eh? I'll hoist you on to this horse, and we'll get uncle
Fouchard to take us in.'
Before starting, however, he wished to examine Jean's leg. There
were two holes in it, so that the bullet must have passed out again,
probably after fracturing the tibia. Fortunately, the hæmorrhage was
but slight, and Maurice contented himself with binding his
handkerchief tightly round the calf of the leg.
'Go on by yourself!' repeated Jean.
'Be quiet, you silly!'

When Jean was firmly perched on the saddle Maurice took hold of
the horse's bridle and they started off. It must now have been about
eleven o'clock, and he hoped to accomplish the journey in three
hours, even should he have to walk the horse the entire distance.
But all at once he relapsed into despair at thought of a difficulty
which had not previously occurred to him. How would they be able
to cross over to the left bank of the Meuse? The bridge at Mouzon
must certainly be guarded. At last he remembered that there was a
ferry lower down at Villers, and deciding to chance it, in the hope
that they would at last meet with a little luck, he directed his course
towards that village through the meadows and ploughed fields on
the right bank. All went fairly well at first; they merely had to avoid a
cavalry patrol, which they escaped by remaining motionless for a
quarter of an hour or so, in the shadow thrown by a wall. The only
worry was that, the rain having begun to fall again, walking became
very difficult for Maurice, who had to trudge through the heavy soil
of the drenched fields, beside the horse, which was fortunately a
good-natured, docile animal. At Villers luck did at first declare itself
in their favour, for, although the hour was late, the ferryman had but
a few minutes before brought a Bavarian officer across the river, and
was able to take them aboard at once, and land them on the
opposite bank without difficulty. It was only at the village of Villers
that their terrible troubles began, for they here narrowly missed
falling into the clutches of the sentries who were posted at intervals
right along the road to Remilly. They, therefore, again had to take to
the fields and trust to the chances of the little lanes and narrow
pathways, which often were scarcely practicable. Occasionally some
trivial obstacle would compel them to take a most circuitous course;
still they contrived to make their way over ditches and through
hedges, and at times even forced a passage through some thick
plantation.
Seized with fever amid the drizzling rain, Jean had sunk across the
saddle in a semi-conscious state, clinging with both hands to the
horse's mane, whilst Maurice, who had slipped the reins round his
right arm, had to support his friend's legs in order to prevent him

from falling. Over more than a league of country, during nearly a
couple of hours, was this exhausting march kept up, amid incessant
jolting and slipping, both the horse and the men losing their balance
again and again, and almost toppling over together. They became a
picture of abject wretchedness; all three of them were covered with
mud, the animal's legs trembled, the man he carried lay upon him
inert, like a corpse that had just given up the ghost, whilst if the
other man, distracted and haggard, still managed to trudge along, it
was solely through an effort of his fraternal love. The dawn was
breaking; it was about five o'clock when they at last arrived at
Remilly.
In the yard of his little farmhouse overlooking the village, near the
outlet of the defile of Haraucourt, old Fouchard was already loading
his cart with two sheep which he had slaughtered the previous day.
The sight of his nephew in so sorry a plight upset him to such a
point that after the first words of explanation he brutally exclaimed:
'Let you stay here, you and your friend? To have a lot of worry with
the Prussians; no, no, indeed! I'd rather kick the bucket at once.'
All the same, he did not dare to prevent Prosper and Maurice from
taking Jean off the horse and laying him on the large table in the
living-room. The wounded man was still unconscious, and Silvine
went to fetch her own bolster and slipped it under his head.
Meanwhile uncle Fouchard continued growling, exasperated at
seeing this fellow on his table, which, said he, was by no means the
proper place for him. And he asked them why they did not at once
take him to the ambulance, since they were lucky enough to have an
ambulance at Remilly, in the disused school-house, which had once
formed part of an old convent. It stood near the church and
contained a large and commodious gallery.
'Take him to the ambulance!' protested Maurice, in his turn, 'for the
Prussians to send him to Germany as soon as he's cured, since all
the wounded belong to them! Are you joking with me, uncle? I
certainly didn't bring him here to give him back to them.'

Things were getting unpleasant, and Fouchard talked of turning
them out of the house, when all at once Henriette's name was
mentioned.
'Eh, what—what about Henriette?' asked the young man.
He ended by learning that his sister had been at Remilly since a
couple of days, having become so terribly depressed by her
bereavement that she now found life at Sedan, where she had lived
so happily with her husband, quite unbearable. A chance meeting
with Dr. Dalichamp of Raucourt, whom she knew, had induced her to
come and stay in a little room at Fouchard's, with a view of giving all
her time to the wounded at the neighbouring ambulance. This
occupation, she said, would divert her thoughts. She paid for her
board, and was the source of many little comforts at the farm, so
that the old man looked on her with a kindly eye. Everything was
first-rate when he was making money.
'Oh, so my sister's here!' repeated Maurice. 'So that's what Monsieur
Delaherche meant by that wave of the arm which I couldn't
understand. Well, as she's here, it will all be easy. We shall stay.'
Thereupon, despite his fatigue, he himself resolved to go and fetch
her from the ambulance where she had spent the night, and his
uncle meantime grew the more angry because he could not take
himself off with his cart and his two sheep, to ply his calling as an
itinerant butcher through the surrounding villages, until this
annoying affair was settled.
When Maurice came back with Henriette, they surprised old
Fouchard carefully examining the horse which had carried Jean to
the farm and which Prosper had just led into the stable. The animal
was no doubt tired out, but it was a sturdy beast, and Fouchard liked
the look of it. Thereupon, Maurice told him with a laugh that he
might keep it if it pleased him, whilst Henriette drew him aside and
explained that Jean would pay for his lodging, and that she herself
would take charge of him and nurse him in the little room behind the
cowhouse, where certainly no Prussian would go to look for him.

The old man remained sullen, hardly believing as yet that he would
derive any real profit from the business; still, he ended by climbing
into his cart and driving off, leaving Henriette free to do as she
pleased.
With the assistance of Silvine and Prosper, Henriette then got the
room ready, and had Jean carried to it and laid in a clean,
comfortable bed. Opening his eyes, the corporal looked round him,
but seemed to see nobody, and merely stammered a few incoherent
words. Maurice was now quite overwhelmed by the reaction
following on his exhausting march; however, whilst he was finishing
a bit of meat and drinking a glass of wine, Dr. Dalichamp came in, as
was his custom every morning, prior to visiting the ambulance; and,
thereupon, the young fellow, anxious to know what injury Jean had
received, found strength enough to follow the doctor and his sister
to the bedside.
M. Dalichamp was a short man with a big round head. His hair and
fringe of beard were getting grey; his ruddy face, like the faces of
the peasants, with whom he mixed, had become hardened by his
constant life in the open air, for he was always on the road to
alleviate some suffering or other. His keen eyes, obstinate nose, and
kindly mouth told what his life had been—the life of a thoroughly
worthy, charitable man, inclined, at times, to be rather headstrong.
He was not, as a doctor, endowed with genius, but long practice had
made him a first-rate healer.
'I'm much afraid that amputation will be necessary,' he muttered,
when he had examined Jean, who was still dozing; whereupon
Maurice and Henriette were greatly grieved. However, the doctor
added, 'Perhaps we may manage to save that leg, but in that case
he will need very careful nursing, and it will be a long job. At present
he is in such a state of physical and moral prostration that the only
thing is to let him sleep. We'll see how he is to-morrow.' Then,
having dressed the wound, he interested himself in Maurice, whom
he had formerly known as a lad. 'And you, my brave fellow, you
would be better in bed than on that chair,' he said.

The young man was gazing fixedly in front of him, with his eyes afar,
as though he did not hear. Fever was mounting to his brain in the
intoxication of his fatigue, an extraordinary nervous excitement, the
outcome of all the sufferings, all the disgusting experiences he had
passed through since the outset of the campaign. The sight of his
agonising friend, the consciousness of his own defeat, the idea that
he was unarmed, good for nothing, having nothing left him but his
skin, the thought that so many heroic efforts had merely resulted in
such misery—all filled him with a frantic longing to rebel against
Destiny. At last he spoke: 'No, no! it is not finished yet! No, indeed! I
must go away. Since he must lie there now for weeks and perhaps
for months, I cannot stay. I must go away at once. You will help me,
doctor, won't you? You'll find me some means of escaping and
getting back to Paris?'
Henriette, who was trembling, caught him in her arms. 'What is that
you say? Weak as you are, after suffering so dreadfully? But I mean
to keep you—I will not let you go! Haven't you paid your debt to
France? Think of me a little—think that I should be all alone, and
that now I have only you left me!'
Their tears mingled. They embraced distractedly, with that tender
adoring affection which unites twins more closely than others, as
though it originated prior even to birth. Far from becoming calmer,
however, Maurice grew still more excited. 'I assure you that I must
go!' he stammered. 'They are waiting for me. I should die of anguish
if I did not go! You cannot imagine how my brain boils at the
thought of remaining here in peace and quietness. I tell you that it
cannot end like this—that we must avenge ourselves—on whom or
what I know not, but, at any rate, obtain vengeance for so many
misfortunes, so that we may yet have the courage to live!'
Dr. Dalichamp, who had been watching the scene with keen interest,
made Henriette a sign not to answer. Maurice would no doubt be
calmer when he had slept; and he slept indeed all through that day
and through the following night—in all more than twenty hours—
without moving a finger. However, when he awoke the next morning,

his resolution to go away came back, unshakeable. His fever had
subsided, but he was gloomy, restless, eager to escape from all the
tempting inducements to a quiet life that he divined around him. His
tearful sister realised that it would be useless to insist. And Dr.
Dalichamp, when he came that day, promised to facilitate his flight
by means of the papers of an ambulance assistant, who had recently
died at Raucourt: Maurice was to don the grey blouse with the red-
cross badge, and go off through Belgium to make his way back to
Paris, which was still open.
He did not leave the farm all that day, but hid himself there, waiting
for the night. He scarcely opened his mouth, and then only to
ascertain if he could induce Prosper to go away with him. 'Aren't you
tempted to go and see the Prussians again?' he asked.
The ex-Chasseur d'Afrique, who was finishing some bread and
cheese, set his fist on the table with his knife upraised.
'Well, for what we saw of them it's hardly worth while,' he answered.
'Since cavalrymen are nowadays good for nothing except to get
themselves killed when it's all over, why should I go back? 'Pon my
word, no, they disgusted me too much in not giving me any decent
work.' There was a pause, and then he resumed, doubtless in order
to silence the voice of his soldier's heart: 'Besides, there's too much
work to be done here, now. The ploughing is just coming on, later
on there'll be the sowing. We must think of the soil, too, eh? It's all
very well to fight, but what would become of us if we didn't plough?
You will understand very well that I can't turn the work up. Not that
old Fouchard's a good master, for I don't expect I shall ever see any
of his brass, but the horses are beginning to know and like me, and
this morning, 'pon my word, whilst I was up yonder in the old
enclosure, I looked down on that cursed Sedan, and felt quite
comforted at finding myself with my horses, driving my plough all
alone, in the sunshine.'
Dr. Dalichamp arrived in his gig at nightfall. He wished to drive
Maurice to the frontier himself. Old Fouchard, delighted to find that,
at any rate, one of the men was taking himself off, went to watch on

the road, so as to make sure that no patrol was lurking there; whilst
Silvine repaired some rents in the old ambulance blouse with the
red-cross badge. Before starting, the doctor again examined Jean's
leg, and as yet he could not promise to save it. The wounded man
was still in a somnolent state, recognising nobody, and not saying a
word. And thus it seemed as though Maurice must go off without
exchanging a farewell with his comrade. On leaning forward to
embrace him, however, he suddenly saw him open his eyes, and
move his lips. 'You are going?' asked Jean in a weak voice, adding,
as the others expressed their astonishment: 'Oh! I heard you very
well, though I couldn't stir. But since you are going, old man, take all
the money with you. It's in my trousers' pocket.'
Each of them now had about a couple of hundred francs left of the
treasury money, which they had shared together. 'The money!'
exclaimed Maurice; 'but you need it more than I do. My legs are all
right! With a couple of hundred francs I've ample to take me to Paris
and get my skull cracked, which, by the way, won't cost me
anything. Well, all the same, till we meet again, old man, and thanks
for all your kindness and good counsel, for, if it hadn't been for you,
I should certainly be lying at the edge of some field like a dead dog.'
Jean silenced him with a gesture. 'You don't owe me anything—we
are quits,' said he; 'the Prussians would have picked me up over
there, if you hadn't carried me away on your back. And again, the
other day, too, you saved me from their clutches. That's twice you've
paid me, and it's rather my turn to risk my life for you. Ah! I shall be
anxious now at not having you with me any longer.' His voice was
trembling, and tears started from his eyes: 'Kiss me, youngster.'
And they kissed; and, as it had been in the wood on the night of
their escape, their embrace was instinct with the fraternity born of
the dangers that they had incurred together, during those few weeks
of heroic life in common, which had united them far more closely
than years of ordinary friendship could have done. The days of
starvation, the sleepless nights, the excessive fatigues, the constant
peril of death—with all of these was their emotion fraught. Can two

hearts ever take themselves back when by a mutual gift they have
thus been blended together? Nevertheless, the kiss which they had
exchanged amid the darkness of the trees had partaken of the new
hope that flight had opened to them; whereas this kiss, now,
quivered with the anguish of parting. Would they meet again, some
day? And how—in what circumstances of grief or joy?
Dr. Dalichamp, who had climbed into his gig again, was already
calling Maurice. Then, with all his soul, the young fellow at last
embraced his sister, Henriette, who, extremely pale in the black
garments of her widowhood, was looking at him and silently
weeping. 'I confide my brother to you,' said he; 'take good care of
him, and love him, as I love him myself!'
CHAPTER IV
DARK DAYS—BAZAINE THE TRAITOR—THE TIDE OF WAR
Jean's room, a large chamber with a tiled floor and lime-washed
walls, had formerly been used as a fruitery. You could still detect
there the pleasant scent of apples and pears, and the only furniture
was an iron bedstead, a deal table and two chairs, together with an
old walnut wardrobe, wonderfully deep and containing a multitude of
things. The quietness was profoundly soothing; only a few faint
sounds from the adjacent cowhouse could be heard, the occasional
lowing of cattle and the muffled stamping of their hoofs. The bright
sunshine came in by the window, which faced the south. Merely a
strip of slope could be seen, a cornfield skirted by a little wood. And
this mysterious closed room was so hidden away from every eye that
no stranger could even have suspected its existence.
Henriette immediately settled how things were to be managed. In
view of avoiding suspicions it was arranged that only she and the
doctor should have access to Jean. Silvine was never to enter the

room unless she were called—for instance, at an early hour in the
morning when the two women tidied the place; after which the door
remained as though walled up, throughout the day. If the wounded
man should need anyone at night-time, he would merely have to
knock on the wall, for the room occupied by Henriette was adjacent.
And thus it came to pass that after many weeks of life amid a violent
multitude, Jean suddenly found himself separated from the world,
seeing no one but the doctor and that gentle young woman whose
light footsteps were inaudible. And whilst she ministered to his
wants with an air of infinite goodness, he again saw her as he had
espied her on the first occasion, at Sedan, looking like an apparition,
with small and delicate features save that her mouth was somewhat
large, and with hair the hue of ripened grain.
During the earlier days the wounded man's fever was so intense that
Henriette scarcely left him. Dr. Dalichamp dropped in every morning,
under pretence of fetching her to go to the ambulance with him; and
he would then examine Jean's leg and dress it. After fracturing the
tibia, the bullet had passed out again, and the doctor was
astonished at the bad appearance of the wound, and was afraid
there might be some splinter there—though in probing he was
unable to detect any—which would necessitate an excision of the
bone. He had spoken on the subject to Jean, but the latter revolted
at the thought of having his leg shortened and going lame all the
rest of his life: no, no, indeed, he would rather die at once than
become a cripple. The doctor therefore simply kept the wound under
observation, dressing it with lint soaked in olive oil and phenic acid,
after inserting a gutta-percha drainage-tube, so that the pus might
flow away. At the same time, however, he warned Jean that if he did
not perform an operation the cure would probably take a very long
time. Yet it happened that the fever abated during the second week,
when the state of the wound also became more favourable—at least
so long as the patient remained quite still.
Henriette's intercourse with Jean was then regulated in a systematic
way. Habits came to them both; it seemed to them as though they
had never lived otherwise, as though they would go on living like

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