Modern frontend development with VueJs

Modern frontend development
with Vue JS
Tudor Barbu
@motanelu
www.linkedin.com/in/tudorbarbu
https://github.com/motanelu

Tools provided by early JS frameworks:
● AJAX abstractions
● Simple DOM manipulation
● Event management
● Annoying animations
● Shorthand methods*
Paleolithic 2.0
* not really a good thing

Missing pieces
● DOM abstractions / templating
● URL management / routing
● State management
● Support for reusable components
● Coding standard and guidelines

$(document).ready(function () {
$('#refresh-button').click(function () {
$('#news-container').load('/latest-news')
})
})
$(function () {
$('#refresh-button').on('click', function () {
$.ajax('/latest-news', {
success: function (data, textStatus, jqXHR) {
var html = createHTMLFromJsonResponse(data)
$('#news-container').html(html)
}
})
})
})
Inconsistent event handling
Inefficient DOM operations

<div class="article" id="article-5">
<h2>The awesome title</h2>
<p>
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur
adipiscing elit. Donec hendrerit nunc
turpis, quis maximus egestas sit amet.
</p>
<span class="likes">2<span>
</div>
/* content at t1 (initial state) */
article = {
id: '5',
title: 'The awesome title',
content: 'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...',
likes: 2
}
/* content at t2 (after update) */
article = {
id: '5',
title: 'The awesome title',
content: 'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...',
likes: 4
}
Virtual DOM
diff
patch

<ul class="product-menu">
<li data-item-id="65017da4">Product one</li>
<li data-item-id="6501816e">Product two</li>
</ul>
$('.product-menu').on('click', 'li', function () {
var id = $(this).data('item-id')
loadProduct(id)
})
Keeping state in the DOM
(slow)
<ul class="menu">
<li data-href="index">Home</li>
<li data-href="contact">Contact</li>
</ul>
<div id="page-content">

<form id="content-form">

<button type="button" class="submit">
Contact us
</button>
</form>
</div>
$('#content-form .submit').click(function () {
var form = $('#content-form')
var isValid = validate(form)
if (isValid) {
postTheForm(form)
}
})
Where do I fit in?

Every Javascript project
after 6 to 9 months

When your framework is just right:
● Separation of concerns
● Virtual DOM
● In memory state management
● Routing (HTML5 History API)
● Clear coding practices
● AJAX (nice to have)

Why Vue.js?
● Lightweight
● “True” open-source
● Fastest learning curve
● Separation of concerns in one file
● Great performance per KB *
* just invented this metric

DOM operations performance
Source: http://www.stefankrause.net/js-frameworks-benchmark6/webdriver-ts-results/table.html

Sources:
1. http://www.stefankrause.net/js-frameworks-benchmark6/webdriver-ts-results/table.html
2. https://gist.github.com/Restuta/cda69e50a853aa64912d
RAM usage & filesize

Content.vue
Footer.vue
MenuItem.vue
selected
Components are
● Custom HTML elements with behaviour attached to
them
● Self-contained
● Reside in .vue files (compiled with Webpack)
● Can be mixed with regular HTML
● The Vue application is wrapped in a root
component, usually called App.vue

<template>
<div class="content">
<div v-if="loaded">
<h1>{{ title }}</h1>
<img :src="media" :alt="title">
<p>{{ article }}</p>
</div>
<div v-else>Loading...</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: 'content',
data () {
return {
loaded: false,
title: null,
article: null,
media: null
}
},
mounted () {
axios.get('/latest-news').then(response => {
this.title = response.data.title,
this.article = response.data.article
this.media = response.data.media
this.loaded = true
})
}
}
</script>
<style>
h1 {
font-family: "Comic Sans" /* on purpose :) */
}
</style>
“Reactive” properties
Lifecycle events
HTML template
presentation logic
CSS styling
Javascript part
component logic
Content.vue

<div v-if="loaded">
<h1>{{ title }}</h1>
<img :src="media" :alt="title">
</div>

/* ... */
data () {
return {
loaded: false,
title: null,
media: null
}
}
/* ... */
show / hide elements
fill in HTML elements
values for HTML attributes
Reactive properties
Changing a reactive property triggers a re-render of the associated DOM

<template>
<div class="content">
<div v-if="loaded">
<h1>{{ title }}</h1>
<p>{{ article }}</p>
</div>
<div v-else>
Loading...
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: 'content',
data () {
return {
title: null,
article: null
}
},
computed: {
loaded () {
return title !== null && article !== null
}
},
mounted () {
// ...
}
}
</script>
<style>
h1 {
font-family: "Comic Sans" /* on purpose :) */
}
</style>
Computed properties
Computed properties:
● Functions that wrap complex logic
● Cached based on their dependencies

<template>

<a href="#" v-on:click="toggle()">{{ toggleMessage }}</a>
<div v-if="showRelated">
<ul>
<li v-for="article in related">
<a href="{{ article.url }}"> {{ article.text }}</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: 'content',
data () {
return {
/* ... */
showRelated: false,
related: [
{ url: '/path/to/first-article', text: 'First related article' },
{ url: '/path/to/second-article', text: 'Second related article' }
]
}
},
computed: {
toggleMessage () {
return !this.showRelated ? 'Show related articles' : 'Hide related articles'
}
},
methods: {
toggle() {
this.showRelated = !this.showRelated
}
}
}
</script>
Iterate through properties
HTML-like syntax for
event handlers
Computed properties can
be anything

HTML event handlers!?!
● Easier to locate handlers just by skimming the template
● Easier to test the underlying logic since it’s completely separated
from the DOM
● They can be automatically removed together with their associated
HTML code

<template>
<header>
<ul>
<menu-item id="1" label="books" />
<menu-item id="2" label="pens" />
</ul>
<header>
<div class="main">
<content>
</div>
<footer>
</template>
<script>
import MenuItem from '/path/to/MenuItem.vue'
import Content from '/path/to/Content.vue'
import Footer from '/path/to/Footer.vue'
export default {
name: 'app',
components: {
'menu-item': MenuItem,
'content': Content
'footer': Footer
}
/* ... */
}
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
Vue.config.productionTip = false
/* eslint-disable no-new */
new Vue({
el: '#app',
template: '<App />',
components: { App }
})
App.vue main.js
Components
usage

Parent
Child
publishevents
injectproperties
2 Way data communication
● Parents inject values via HTML attributes
● Children push custom events using the
v-on:{custom-event} format

<template>
<ul>
<menu-item
id="1"
label="books"
v-on:selected="process($event)" />
<menu-item
id="2"
label="pens"
selected="true""
v-on:selected="process($event) />
</ul>
</template>
<script>
import MenuItem from './path/to/MenuItem.vue'
export default {
name: 'top-menu',
components: {
'menu-item': MenuItem
},
methods: {
process ($event) {
// select the category
}
}
}
</script>
<template>
<li :class="{'active-element': selected}">
<a v-on:click="select()">
{{ label }}
</a>
</li>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: 'MenuItem',
props: ['id', 'label', 'selected'],
methods: {
select () {
this.$emit('selected', { id: this.id })
}
}
}
</script>
Properties
Events
App.vue MenuItem.vue

/* Content.vue */
export default {
/* ... */
data () {
return {
title: null,
article: null
}
},
computed: {
loaded () {
return article !== null && title !== null
}
},
props: [
'articleId'
],
watch: {
articleId: (value, previous) {
axios.get(`/article/{$value}`).then(response => {
this.title = response.data.title,
this.article = response.data.article
})
}
}
}

<template>
<ul class="menu">
<li v-on:click="loadArticle(1)">
First article
</li>
Second article
</li>

</ul>
<content :articleId="articleId" />
</template>
<script>
/* ... */
export default {
data () {
return {
articleId: null
}
},
methods: {
loadArticle(articleId) {
this.articleId = articleId
}
}
}
</script>
Reactive properties
Changes on the articleId are propagated
to the child
Encapsulated functionality
Everything about loading and
processing the content is encapsulated

$ npm install vue-router --save
Not this kind of router :)
Vue Router
Vue Routing
● Provides stateful URLs
● Supports both HTML5 history API as well as the # as
fallback

import Router from 'vue-router'
import Homepage from '/path/Home.vue'
Vue.use(Router)
export default new Router({
routes: [
{
path: '/',
name: 'Home',
component: Homepage
}
]
})
import router from '/path/to/router'
/* eslint-disable no-new */
new Vue({
el: '#app',
router,
template: '<App />',
components: { App }
})
<template>

<router-view />
</template>
1 2 3
router.js main.js App.vue
Other features:
● dynamic routes (/article/:id)
● nested routes
● programmatic navigation
● allows adding watchers on routes

Image from https://vuex.vuejs.org/en/intro.html
$ npm install vuex --save
import Vuex from 'vuex'
Vue.use(Vuex)

const FETCH_START = 'FETCH_START'
const FETCH_SUCCESS = 'FETCH_SUCCESS'
const FETCH_ERROR = 'FETCH_ERROR'
export default new Vuex.Store ({
state: {
loading: false,
error: null,
article: null
},
mutations: {
[FETCH_START](state) {
state.loading = true
state.error = null
},
[FETCH_SUCCESS](state, article) {
state.error = null
state.loading = false
state.article = article
},
[FETCH_ERROR](state) {
state.loading = false
state.error = true
}
},
actions: {
load({ commit }, { articleId }) {
commit(FETCH_START)
axios.get(`/articles/${articleId}`)
.then(article => commit(FETCH_SUCCESS, article))
.catch(() => commit(FETCH_ERROR))
}
}
})
Constants for mutation types
(common pattern)
State variables
Mutations
(need to be synchronous)
Vuexmodule
Actions
(can be asynchronous & they end
with a mutation)

<template>
<ul class="menu">
First article
</li>
Second article
</li>

</ul>
<content />
</template>
<script>
import { mapActions } from 'vuex'
export default {
methods: {
...mapActions({
'loadArticle': 'load'
}),
// other component specific methods
}
}
</script>
UsingVuex
Map Vuex actions in the local scope
( mapAction helper & spread operator)
Templates stay the same

Vuex
Menu.vue
(update selected item)
Content.vue
(display the content)
Breadcrumbs.vue
(display the current node)
App.vue
(update the <title>)
import { mapState } from 'vuex'
export default {
computed: {
...mapState({
loading: state => state.loading,
error: state => state.error,
article: state => state.article
})
},
watch: {
article: (value, previous) {
// trigger an update
}
error: (value) {
if (value) {
// signal an error to the user
}
}
}
}

HTML event handlers!?!
● Efficient DOM manipulation with Virtual DOM
●
● lightweight
● efficient DOM manipulation
● separation of concerns & encapsulation
● routing (HTML5 History API & hash sign)
● state management with Vuex

$ npm install -g vue-cli
$ vue init webpack my-first-vue-project
Vue CLI
● Quickly start a new project
● Multiple templates and build systems *
● Sets up linters (AirBNB or Standard)
● Unit tests (karma)
● End to end tests (Nightwatch)
* if in doubt, use Webpack

https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/vuejs-devtools/nhdogjmejiglipccpnnnanhbledajbpd?hl=en
Features
● Inspect components in real
time
● Inspect Vuex status
● “Timetravel” between Vuex
commits

Resources
● vuejs.org
● router.vuejs.org
● vuex.vuejs.org
● vuejs/awesome-vue

Thank you
@Schibsted_Eng
bytes.schibsted.com
Tudor Barbu
@motanelu
www.linkedin.com/in/tudorbarbu
https://github.com/motanelu

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