Molecular Marker Assisted Breeding in Plants
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This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of Molecular Marker-Assisted Breeding (MAB), an advanced biotechnological approach revolutionizing traditional plant breeding. It covers the types of molecular markers, their applications in marker-assisted selection (MAS), QTL mapping, gene pyramiding, and backcrossing. The content highlights real-world examples, advantages over conventional breeding, and the role of MAB in accelerating the development of high-yielding, disease-resistant, and climate-resilient crop varieties. Ideal for students, researchers, and professionals in plant breeding and genetics.
Molecular Marker Assisted Breeding in Plants
- 1. Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics Presented under the supervision of Dr. Saad Imran Malik Presented By Mr. Muhammad Hassan Asadi 20-ARID-3018 PBG-720 Seminar-I 1
- 2. One Credit Seminar On “Molecular Marker Assisted Breeding” PBG-720 Seminar-I 2
- 3. Introduction DNA sequence used for chromosome mapping. Heterozygosity for same type silent DNA variation. Identification tool within recognized location on chromosome. Helps identify specific DNA sequence at specific location. Used in pool of unknown DNA or whole chromosome. PBG-720 Seminar-I 3 Gupta et al., (2002)
- 4. Classification of Molecular Markers Molecular Markers Hybridization Based RFLP PCR Based RAPD AFLP SSR ISSR SCAR Sequence Based SNP DaRT PBG-720 Seminar-I 4 Dar et al., (2019)
- 5. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) PBG-720 Seminar-I 5 Madhumati (2014)
- 6. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PBG-720 Seminar-I 6 William et al., (1990)
- 7. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) PBG-720 Seminar-I 7 Lynch & Walsh (1998)
- 8. Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) PBG-720 Seminar-I 8 Röder et al., (1998)
- 9. Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) PBG-720 Seminar-I 9 Zietkiewicz et al., (1994)
- 10. Sequenced Characterized Amplified Regions (SCAR) PBG-720 Seminar-I 10 Paran & Michelmore (1993)
- 11. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) PBG-720 Seminar-I 11 Xu (2010)
- 12. Diversity Array Technology (DArT) PBG-720 Seminar-I 12 Jaccoud et al., (2001)
- 13. Comparison of Commonly Used Molecular Markers PBG-720 Seminar-I 13 Characteristic RFLP RAPD AFLP ISSR SSR SNP DArT Dominance Co-dominant Dominant Dominant Dominant Co-dominant Co-dominant Dominant Reproducibility High High Intermediate Medium–High High High High Polymorphism Medium Very High High High High High High DNA Quality High High High Low Low High High DNA Quantity (ng) 10000 20 500–1000 50 50 50 50–100 Marker Index Low High Medium Medium Medium High High M. A. Nadeem et al., (2018)
- 14. Characteristic RFLP RAPD AFLP ISSR SSR SNP DArT Genome Abundance High Very High Very High Medium Medium Very High Very High Cost High Low High High High Variable Cheapest Sequencing Needed Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Status Past Past Past Present Present Present Present PCR Requirement No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Visualization Radioactive Agarose Gel Agarose Gel Agarose Gel Agarose Gel SNP-VISTA Microarray PBG-720 Seminar-I 14 Comparison of Commonly Used Molecular Markers M. A. Nadeem et al., (2018)
- 15. Characteristics of Ideal Molecular Markers PBG-720 Seminar-I 15 Mondini et al., (2009)
- 17. Conclusion Molecular markers have revolutionized plant breeding by enabling precise, rapid, and cost- effective selection. They are widely applied in trait mapping, genetic diversity analysis, marker- assisted selection (MAS), and genomic selection. Integration of molecular tools like SSR, SNP, AFLP, and SCAR enhances breeding efficiency and accuracy. Marker-assisted approaches, such as MABC and gene pyramiding, offer durable resistance and improved crop performance. The future of plant breeding lies in combining conventional and molecular approaches to meet global agricultural challenges. PBG-720 Seminar-I 17
- 18. References Gupta, P.K., Varshney, R.K., Prasad, M. (2002). Molecular Markers: Principles and Methodology. In: Jain, S.M., Brar, D.S., Ahloowalia, B.S. (eds) Molecular Techniques in Crop Improvement. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2356-5_2 Dar, Aejaz & Mahajan, Reetika & Sharma, Susheel. (2019). Molecular markers for characterization and conservation of plant genetic resources. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 89. 1755-1763. 10.56093/ijas.v89i11.95286. Madhumati B. Potential and application of molecular markers techniques for plant genome analysis. Int J Pure App Biosci. 2014;2(1):169–88. Williams, J. G., Kubelik, A. R., Livak, K. J., Rafalski, J. A., & Tingey, S. V. (1990). DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic acids research, 18(22), 6531-6535. Lynch M, Walsh B. Genetics and analysis of quantitativetraits. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer; 1998. Röder, M. S., Korzun, V., Wendehake, K., Plaschke, J., Tixier, M. H., Leroy, P., & Ganal, M. W. (1998). A microsatellite map of wheat. Genetics, 149(4), 2007-2023. Zietkiewicz E, Rafalski A, Labuda D. Genome fingerprinting by simple sequence repeat (SSR)-anchored polymerase chain reaction amplification. Genomics. 1994;20 (2):176–183. Paran I, Michelmore RW. Development of reliable PCR-based markers linked to downy mildew resistance genes in lettuce. Theor Appl Genet. 1993;85(8):985–993. Xu Y. Molecular plant breeding. Wallingford: CABI; 2010 Jaccoud, D., Peng, K., Feinstein, D., & Kilian, A. (2001). Diversity arrays: a solid state technology for sequence information independent genotyping. Nucleic acids research, 29(4), e25-e25. PBG-720 Seminar-I 18
- 19. References Muhammad Azhar Nadeem, Muhammad Amjad Nawaz, Muhammad Qasim Shahid, Yıldız Doğan, Gonul Comertpay, Mehtap Yıldız, Rüştü Hatipoğlu, Fiaz Ahmad, Ahmad Alsaleh, Nitin Labhane, Hakan Özkan, Gyuhwa Chung & Faheem Shehzad Baloch (2018) DNA molecular markers in plant breeding: current status and recent advancements in genomic selection and genome editing, Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 32:2, 261-285, DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1400401 Semagn, K., Bjørnstad, Å., & Ndjiondjop, M. N. (2006). An overview of molecular marker methods for plants. African journal of biotechnology, 5(25). Mondini L, Noorani A, Pagnotta MA. Assessing plant genetic diversity by molecular tools. Diversity. 2009;1(1):19–35. Bolton, M. D., Kolmer, J. A., & Garvin, D. F. (2008). Wheat leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina. Molecular plant pathology, 9(5), 563-575. Capel, C., Fernández del Carmen, A., Alba, J. M., Lima-Silva, V., Hernández-Gras, F., Salinas, M., ... & Lozano, R. (2015). Wide-genome QTL mapping of fruit quality traits in a tomato RIL population derived from the wild-relative species Solanum pimpinellifolium L. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 128, 2019-2035. Crossa, J., Pérez, P., de los Campos, G., Mahuku, G., Dreisigacker, S., & Magorokosho, C. (2011). Genomic selection and prediction in plant breeding. Journal of Crop Improvement, 25(3), 239-261. Singh, V. K., Singh, A., Singh, S. P., Ellur, R. K., Singh, D., Gopala Krishnan, S., ... & Singh, A. K. (2013). Marker assisted simultaneous but stepwise ‐ backcross breeding for pyramiding blast resistance genes Piz5 and Pi54 into an elite Basmati rice restorer line ‘PRR 78’. Plant Breeding, 132(5), 486-495. This, P., Jung, A., Boccacci, P., Borrego, J., Botta, R., Costantini, L., ... & Maul, E. (2004). Development of a standard set of microsatellite reference alleles for identification of grape cultivars. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 109, 1448-1458. Gangurde, S. S., Nayak, S. N., Joshi, P., Purohit, S., Sudini, H. K., Chitikineni, A., ... & Varshney, R. K. (2021). Comparative transcriptome analysis identified candidate genes for late leaf spot resistance and cause of defoliation in groundnut. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(9), 4491. PBG-720 Seminar-I 19
- 20. Thank you so much for your attention. I hope you find this presentation interesting & informative . PBG-720 Seminar-I 20