MongoDB
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MongoDB is an open-source document-oriented database that provides horizontal scalability, high performance, and flexibility. It stores data in flexible, JSON-like documents, allowing for easy storage and retrieval of heterogeneous data. MongoDB provides features like sharding, replication, and high availability to allow databases to scale horizontally and handle large volumes of both structured and unstructured data.
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Horizontally Scalable
-Sharding
Agile
Flexible
High Performance
Application
Highly
Available
-Replica Sets
{ author: “Albin John”,
date: new Date(),
text: “MongoDB”,
tags: [“database”,
“flexible”, “JSON”]}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mongodb-150121035830-conversion-gate02/85/MongoDB-16-320.jpg)
![18
• MongoDB does not need any defined data schema.
• Every document could have different data!
name: “jeff”,
eyes: “blue”,
height: 72,
boss: “ben”}
{name: “brendan”,
aliases: [“el diablo”]}
name: “ben”,
hat: ”yes”}
{name: “matt”,
pizza: “DiGiorno”,
height: 72,
boss: 555.555.1212}
{name: “will”,
eyes: “blue”,
birthplace: “NY”,
aliases: [“bill”, “la
ciacco”],
gender: ”???”,
boss: ”ben”}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mongodb-150121035830-conversion-gate02/85/MongoDB-18-320.jpg)
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MongoDB
- 1. 1 Open source, High performance, Document oriented Albin John S5 MCA NO:04 NIELIT Calicut
- 2. 2 Need of MongoDB Relational vs. NoSQL Comparison What is MongoDB? MongoDB Key Features
- 3. 3 • To understand we need to look at • BigData • NoSQL
- 4. 4 • Massive volume of both structured and unstructured data , which is difficult to process using traditional database and software techniques.
- 5. 5 • Approximately 90 percent of all the real-time information being created today is unstructured data. • Every day 2.5 quintillion (1018) bytes of data are being generated. • 90 percent of world's present day data has been created in the two previous years alone.
- 6. 6 • High Volume – amount of data – Facebook take 500 terabytes of new data every day • High Variety – range of data types and sources – geospatial data, audio and video etc.. • High Velocity – speed of data in and out – on-line gaming systems support millions of concurrent users, each producing multiple inputs per second
- 7. 7 • Relational databases can scale and handle Big Data but the effort is huge.
- 8. 8 What is NoSQL • Non-relational next generation databases • Different data models (Not relational) • A collection of very different products • Most are not using SQL for queries • No predefined schema
- 9. 9 • Relational • Divide into tables, relate into foreign keys, DB constraints, normalized data, the Interface is SQL • NoSQL • Store in schemaless format, redundancy encouraged,Interface varies and is optimized for the implementation, no forced DB constraints.
- 10. 10 Document DB MongoDB, CouchDB Wide Column– Column Family Cassandra, HBASE, Amazon SimpleDB Key Value DynamoDB, Voldemort, MemcacheDB Graph Neo4J, OrientDB Many many many, many more! (http://nosql-database.org/)
- 11. 11 And now let’s look at MongoDB
- 12. 12 • MongoDB is an open-source NoSQL-Database developed by 10gen in C++. • Developed in 2009 • It consists of set of databases • In which each database contains multiple collections. • Every collection can contain different types of objects called document • Every document is represented as a JSON structure: a list of key-value pairs.
- 13. 13
- 14. 14 RDBMS MongoDB Database Database Table Collection Row Document
- 15. 15
- 16. 16 Horizontally Scalable -Sharding Agile Flexible High Performance Application Highly Available -Replica Sets { author: “Albin John”, date: new Date(), text: “MongoDB”, tags: [“database”, “flexible”, “JSON”]}
- 17. 17 • Data stored as documents (BSON) • Schema free • Dynamic Queries • Capped collections • Sharding (sometimes called partitioning) for scalability • Replication
- 18. 18 • MongoDB does not need any defined data schema. • Every document could have different data! name: “jeff”, eyes: “blue”, height: 72, boss: “ben”} {name: “brendan”, aliases: [“el diablo”]} name: “ben”, hat: ”yes”} {name: “matt”, pizza: “DiGiorno”, height: 72, boss: 555.555.1212} {name: “will”, eyes: “blue”, birthplace: “NY”, aliases: [“bill”, “la ciacco”], gender: ”???”, boss: ”ben”}
- 19. 19 • JSON (Java Script Object Notation)-exchange and store data • schemaless • Excellent performance • MongoDB actually use BSON (Binary JSON).
- 20. 20 • Work with data in BSON is same as in JSON. • It is serialized into a special binary encoded format
- 21. 21 • Run a query without planning for it in advance • Like SQL queries in an RDBMS • Wonder why listed as a feature? • Not all NoSQL databases support dynamic queries (CouchDB biggest “competitor”)
- 22. 22 • Fixed-size collections called capped collections • Use the db.createCollection command and marked it as capped //limit our capped collection to 2 megabyte db.createCollection(’logs’, {capped: true, size: 2097152}) • When it reaches 2MB limit, old documents are automatically removed
- 23. 23 • Scale up, vertical scaling Increasing server capacity (more CPU, RAM) Managing is hard, possible down times • Scale out, horizontal scaling Adding servers No single point of failure cause whole system (servers fail often, thus replication)
- 24. 24 • MongoDB provides horizontal scale-out for databases using a technique called sharding • MongoDB distributes data across multiple physical partitions called shards(mongod).
- 25. 25 Manual sharding : application maintains connections to several completely independent database servers storing different data on different servers querying against the appropriate server to get data back Autosharding: which eliminates some of the administrative headaches of manual sharding. • It handles splitting up data and rebalancing automatically.
- 26. 26 • Collections smaller chunks • Chunks distributed across shards • Each shard is responsible for a subset of the total data set • Application don’t want to know what shard has what data • So run a routing process called mongos in front of the shards • It knows where all of the data is located, so applications can connect to it • It connected to a normal mongod
- 27. 27
- 28. 28 • Replication via replica set • Replica sets distribute data across machines for – redundancy – automate failover
- 29. 29 • It consist of • exactly one primary node • one or more secondary nodes • It primary node can accept both reads and writes • The secondary nodes are read-only
- 30. 30 Replication Read Write Read Read Driver Primary Priority 1 Secondary Priority 1 Secondary Priority 1 Secondary Priority 0Read
- 31. 31 Read Write Read Read Driver Primary Priority 1 Secondary Priority 1 Secondary Priority 1 Secondary Priority 0Read
- 32. 32 Read Write Read Read Driver Primary Priority 1 Secondary Priority 1 Secondary Priority 1 Secondary Priority 0Read I last synced 1 seconds ago I last synced 3 seconds ago
- 33. 33 Write Read Read Driver Primary Priority 1 Primary Priority 1 Secondary Priority 1 Secondary Priority 0Read Automatic Leader Election
- 34. 34 Write Read Read Driver Secondary Priority 1 Primary Priority 1 Secondary Priority 1 Secondary Priority 0Read Read
- 35. 35 Primary Secondary Secondary Primary Secondary Secondary Primary Secondary Secondary Primary Secondary Secondary Key Range 0..30 Key Range 31..60 Key Range 61..90 Key Range 91.. 100 MongoS MongoS MongoS Config Config Config Clients
- 36. 36 • MongoDB is the database for today's applications: – innovative – fast time-to-market – globally scalable – inexpensive to operate