MULTMEDIA DATABASE.ppt
- 1. MULTIMEDIA DATABASES - Define data - Define databases
- 2. • Multimedia data typically means digital images, audio, video, animation and graphics together with text data. • The huge amount of data in different multimedia related applications warranted to have databases that provide consistency, concurrency, integrity, security and availability of data. • Database provides functionalities for the easy manipulation of query and retrieval of highly relevant information from huge collections of speed data.
- 3. Multimedia Database Models • Object-Oriented Databases – handle all kinds of multimedia data ia specialised classes – quite low market share in database technology • Object-Relational Databases – hybrid combination of features of RDBMS and OODB – fully SQL-compliant, with added support for complex data types via object definition language (ODL) • Document Management Systems / Content Management Systems – Specialised systems for managing documents/content of many different types – Automate workflow, pages/reports generated automatically – Very popular for Web sites where content changes rapidly e.g. Kenny’s Bookshop (www.kennys.ie), Irish Times (ireland.com) – Can buy off-the-shelf (e.g. TerminalFour, BroadVision), acquire via open source, or build it yourself ! (e.g. Lotus Notes)
- 4. Applications of Multimedia Databases • Generic Business & Office Information Systems: document imaging, document editing tools, multimedia email, multimedia conferencing, multimedia workflow management, teleworking • Software development: multimedia object libraries; computer-aided software engineering (CASE); multimedia communication histories; multimedia system artefacts • Education: multimedia encyclopediae; multimedia courseware & training materials; education-on-demand (distance education, JIT learning) • Banking: tele-banking • Retail: home shopping; customer guidance • Tourism & Hospitality: trip visualisation & planning; sales & marketing • Publishing: electronic publishing; document editing tools; multimedia archives
- 5. Example: Museums/Libraries • Below is an example of multimedia data types that might be used in a museum or library
- 6. Multimedia Data Retrieval • Multimedia DBMS must support a standard data manipulation language (DML) such as SQL, but will have extended query features for processing rich media objects (such as audio, images, and video) • Complex media objects may be categorised using meta-data and keywords • Retrieval of complex media objects typically requires “fuzzy”-match / partial-match search mechanisms • Query results may use a ranking mechanism so that the most relevant matches are at fore of list
- 7. MPEG • Moving Pictures Experts Group – Started in 1988 as a working group within ISO/IEC – Comprises a number of sub-groups e.g. Digital Storage Media (DSM), Delivery, Video, Audio • Generates generic standards for digital video and audio compression – MPEG-1: "Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio for Digital Storage Media at up to about 1.5 MBit/s" – MPEG-2: "Generic Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio" – MPEG-3: no longer exists (was merged into MPEG-2) – MPEG-4: “Coding of Audio-Visual Objects" – MPEG-7: “Multimedia Content Description Interface” – MPEG-21
- 8. MULTIMEDIA DATABASES 1. Multimedia Storage and Retrieval – Massive Data Volumes – Storage Technologies – Multimedia Object Storage – Multimedia Document Retrieval 2. Database Management Systems for Multimedia Systems – RDBMS Extensions for Multimedia – Object-Oriented Databases for Multimedia 3. Database Organization for Multimedia Applications – Data Independence – Common distributed database architecture – Distributed database servers – Multimedia object management 4. Transaction Management for Multimedia Systems
- 9. 1.1 Multimedia Storage and Retrieval • Multimedia storage is characterized by a number of new considerations: – Massive storage volumes – Large object sizes – Multiple related objects – Temporal requirements for retrieval
- 10. Massive Data Volumes • Paper records and films or tapes are difficult to integrate, control, search and access, and distribute. • Locating paper documents, films, and audio or video tapes requires searching through massive storage files, complex indexing systems understood only by a few key staff personnel.
- 11. Storage Technologies There are two major mass storage technologies used for storage of multimedia documents. - Optical Disk Storage Systems - High Speed Magnetic Storage • Managing a few optical disk platters in a jukebox is much simpler than managing a much larger magnetic disk form. • Optical disk storage is an excellent vehicle for offline archival of old and infrequently referenced documents for significant periods of time.
- 12. Multimedia Object Storage • Multimedia object storage in an optimal medium serves its real purpose only if it can be located rapidly and automatically. • A key issue is random key access to various components of a hypermedia document or hypermedia database. • Optical media provides very dense storage. For instance, a 12 inch optical disk platter can store 6.5Gbytes of information.
- 13. Continue….. • A compressed 8bit sound clip requires 50kbytes/sec. • Decompression efficiency. • Retrieval speed is a direct result of – The Storage latency – Compression efficiency – Transmission latency • Imaging is essential for retrieval of information
- 14. Multimedia Document Retrieval • The simplest form of identifying a multimedia document is by storage platter identification and its relative position on the platter (file number). • These objects can be grouped using a database in folders or within complex objects representing hypermedia documents. • This is the method for identifying images in most multimedia systems. • An application for sound and full motion video is the ability to clip parts of it and combine them with another set.
- 15. 1.2 Database Management Systems for Multimedia systems • Most multimedia applications are based on communication technologies such as Electronic Mail, the database system must be fully distributed. • A number of database storage choices are available. • They are: – Extending the existing RDBMS to support the various objects for multimedia as binary object. – Extending RDBMS beyond basic binary objects to the object oriented components of inheritance and classes. – Converting to a full fledged object oriented database that supports the standard SQL languages. – Converting the database and the application to an object- oriented database and using object-oriented language, such as C++.
- 16. RDBMS Extensions for Multimedia • BLOB (Binary Large OBject) is a datatype for binary free form text and images. • BLOBs are used for objects such as images or other binary data types. • Relational database tables include location information for the BLOBs which may actually be stored outside the database on separete image or video servers. • An object oriented database supports both, – Encapsulation – Inheritance