Mumbai
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- Mumbai began as seven small islands inhabited by Koli fishermen. It was known as Bombay under Portuguese and British rule. - The city grew through trading and industrialization under the British. It became the capital of Maharashtra after independence. - Nearly half of Mumbai's population now lives in slums, lacking proper sanitation and other amenities. Dharavi is one of the largest slum areas in the world. - Epidemics frequently impact slum communities due to poor living conditions. The government has plans to redevelop slums and provide affordable housing.
Mumbai
- 1. Mumbai-the seven island city Mohd Tanzeel Faraz 3PD12AT025 PDACEG
- 2. Bombay, now Mumbai, more correctly Greater Mumbai, started out as seven small islands with villages of Kolis Their main means of living was from fishing and their goddess was ‘Mumba Devi’.
- 3. These were seven islands when the Portuguese ceded these to the British as 'dowry' for the marriage of the English King Charles II to Catharine of Braganza of Portugal, in 1661. 1. Mahim 2. Parel 3. Worli 4. Mazgaon 5. Old Bombay 6. Old Woman’s Island 7. Colaba
- 4. The Portuguese who first claimed possession of the seven islands called these ‘Bom Baie’, meaning Good Bay, and the city was called Bombay upto the early 70's. The origin of the word Mumbai-it is now claimed the word Mumbai is derived from the word for the local diety of the region, a goddess called Mumbadevi.
- 5. The Hindu Rule Ashoka of Magadha
- 6. -The Maurya Empire under Emperor Ashoka of Magadha in the third century BCE. -The port of Sopara(present-day Nala Sopara) was an important trading centre during the first century BCE -Buddhist monks, scholars, and artists created the artwork, inscriptions, and sculpture
- 7. Islamic period The islands came under the control of the Muslim rulers of Gujarat in 1348, ending the sovereignty of Hindu rulers over the islands. Muzaffar Shah I - Gujarat Sultanate (1391- 1535) Rai Qutb Ahmad Shah I Wali Sultan Bahadur Shah The Sultanate's patronage led to the construction of many mosques, prominent being the Haji Ali Dargah in Mahim, built in honour the Muslim saint Haji Ali in 1431.
- 10. Haji Ali TOMB & MOSQUE Is a mosque and dargah (tomb) located on an islet off the coast of Worli in Southern part of Mumbai. An finest example of Indian Islamic architecture The dargah contains the tomb of Sayed Peer Haji Ali Shah Bukhari.
- 11. The Haji Ali Dargah was constructed in 1431 in memory of a rich Muslim merchant, Sayyed Peer Haji Ali Shah Bukhari , who gave up all his worldly possessions before making a pilgrimage to Mecca. On Thursdays and Fridays, the shrine is visited by at least 40,000 pilgrims
- 12. Portuguese Colonization Portuguese explorer Francisco de Almeida's ship sailed into the deep natural harbour of the island in 1508, and he called it Bom Bahia (Good Bay), which the English pronounced Bombay. Bahadur Shah signed the Treaty of Bassein with the Portuguese on 23 December 1534. According to the treaty, the islands of Mumbai and Bassein were offered to the Portuguese. Bassein and the seven islands were surrendered to Nuno da Cunha, Viceroy of Portuguese India, on 25 October 1535, ending the Islamic rule in Mumbai. Portuguese used this area to promote their religion, St. Michael church in Mahim was constructed by a Portuguese ruler.
- 13. In 1534, the Portuguese captured the islands and established a trading centre (or 'factory') there. This trading place slowly grew, with local people trading products such as- Silk Muslin Chintz Onyx Rice Cotton Tobacco
- 14. British Period In October 1626, whilst at war with Portugal, English sailors heard that the Portuguese had "got into a hole called Bombay" to repair their ships. They attacked Bombay, but the ships had already left. The English burned down buildings, and destroyed two new Portuguese ships. The marriage treaty of the King Charles II of England and Catherine of Portugal on 8 May 1661 placed Bombay in British possession as a part of Catherine's dowry to Charles.
- 15. Charles II did not want the trouble of ruling these islands and in 1668 persuaded the East India Company to rent them for just 10 pounds of gold a year. Within a few years the Company transformed Bombay -In 1670, the Parsi businessman Bhimjee Parikh imported the first printing press into Bombay. -In 1854 the first Indian cotton mill was opened. -In 1845 the Reclamation project connected all the small parts of the city into a big island. -In 1853, the first Indian railway opened, which stretched from Bombay to Thana. -Afterwards Bombay saw even more development construction of new buildings. Wilson College, Chowpatti, Malabar hill, Victoria terminus railway station and even Gate way of India to welcome King George five and Queen Mary to India.
- 16. Independent India Bombay even played a major role in Indian freedom struggle. Balagangadhara tilak from Ratnagiri was the first popular leader of the Indian Independence Movement. The first session of Indian National Congress was held in Bombay on 31st December 1885.
- 17. In 1956 San Yanyukta Maharashtra Committe was formed in Pune. It demanded separate state on the basis of Marathi language and Bombay as its capital. This was not accepted by the Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. After continued protest the request was accepted and Maharashtra state was formed with Bombay as its capital. The city changed its name in 1995 to Mumbai, after Mumbadevi, the stone goddess of the deep-sea fishermen who originally lived on the islands before they were driven out by the East India Company.
- 18. Post-Independence Sky-scrapers, towering architecture, the Bombay Stock Exchange, tarred roads and a boom in the secondary and tertiary sector changed the city's status and brought it up to one of the top four cities in the country. Today, Mumbai is the fourth most populous city in the world. After this there was a Rise of Bollywood in Bombay and it continued to grow a business hub in the coming years.
- 19. Victoria Terminus: The station was christened to commemorate Victoria Jubilee Day in 1887 when India's first steam engine puffed out to neighboring Thane, about 45 kms away. Today it has been rechristened Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus after the Maratha warrior Shivaji Maharaj.
- 20. Bombay Municipal Corporation:This is Bombay's Municipal Headquater,It is also known as the Bombay Municipal Corporation Building, or BMC building for short. Now at the entrance the bronze statue of Sir Phirozeshah Mehta, founder member of the Municipal Corporation stands an impressive structure.
- 21. Gateway of India: The Gateway of India was built to commemorate the visit of King George V and Queen Mary to Mumbai, prior to the Delhi Durbar, in December 1911. The foundation stone was laid on 31 March 1911, by the governor of Bombay Sir George Sydenham Clarke. The last British troops to leave India following the country's independence, the First Battalion of the Somerset Light Infantry, passed through the gateway on their way out in a ceremony on 28 February 1948, signalling the end of British rule.
- 22. -After the decline of the Maurya Empire, between 3rd to 13th century the islands fell to many hands. Satavahanas Abhiras Kalachuris Mauryas of Konkan Chalukyas Rashtrakutas Silhara dynasty of konkan ruled the region between 8th to 12th century. They constructed Elephanta caves. King Bhimdev of Gujrat founded his kingdom in the region in the late 13th century. He was a very powerful king and most of the people gives him the credit for setting the Bombay. His capital was in Mahim.
- 23. Home to around 13 million people Multi-Cultural City Centre of India’s Bollywood Industry Most populated City in India Ranks 4th in World (in Population) The world’s busiest suburban railway network
- 65. 1. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya Museum This is the largest museum in Mumbai. Inside are antiques from all over the country. Starting from the old sculptures, Mughal paintings are beautiful,tools handmade weapons. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastharau Sangrahalaya Museum is located at 159-161 Mahatma Gandhi (MG) Road, Fort. Travelled Distance: 26 Km Time spent in Traveling: 39 Minutes. A local favorite for the colorful Thali that it serves. It's a mix of Rajasthani and Gujrati
- 66. 2. Chowpatty beach This is one popular tourist attractions in Mumbai to watch the sunset. Manypeople who go to Chowpatty beach to breathe the sea air while eating bhelpuri (fried snacks) or choose to swim. Still wondering where is itlocated? Try visiting the address Chowpatty, Marine Drive (Netaji Subhashchandra Bose Road). Day's Travel Time: 32 Minutes bhelpuris (puffed rice snacks) and other Indian delights.
- 67. 3.Elephanta island Small island in the Mumbai Harbor is famous for its ancient cave temples carved, especially the temple of Shiva. Here you can see the carving three-faced statue of the god. Transportation that is needed is a boat that is available near the Gateway of India. Travel Time: 124 Minutes Nothing particular special to say, it was just fried rice, taste was ok not great but its cheap and ok for the price we paid.
- 68. 4. India Gate Usually the gate is used as carnival center for the forecasters, the boats are decorated and many others. India Gate is located just in front of Mumbai Harb Day's Travel Time: 37 Minutes.
- 69. 5. Haji Ali Drgah Place on this small island used as a place of worship for Muslims in Mumbai. Uniquely, the people rarely come to Haji Ali is rarely found when the tides because of the bridge (Worli Bay) could be asleep.
- 70. 6. Jehangir Art Gallery If you want to see great performances, visit to Jehangir Art Gallery is located at 161B Mahatma Gandhi (MG) Road, Kala Ghoda. There are many fineworks of art and good in this place. this gallery become one of famous tourist attractions in Mumbai.
- 71. 7. Juhu beach The most appropriate time to visit the Juhu beach the afternoon. Here you can walk around waiting for the sunset while eating a snack fresh
- 72. 8. Mahalaxmi Dobi Ghat There are thousands of traditional garments at the Mahalaxmi dhobi Ghat. They began to look closely at the Mahalaxmi railway station up on a bridge.
- 73. 9. Marine Drive Marine Drive dubbed as the "Queen's Necklace" the most beautiful in the evening. This is a popular spot along the coast of the Arabian Sea, from afternoon until evening.
- 75. 10. St Thomas' Cathedral One of the oldest remaining building in Mumbai is the St. Thomas' Cathedral. The building was built in the 17th century to 18 with Byzantine designs. In it there are also several old graves in the UK.
- 76. 11.The Hanging Gardens The Hanging Gardens, Mumbai, in Mumbai, India, also known as Ferozeshah Mehta Gardens, are terraced gardens perched at the top of Malabar Hill, on its western side, just opposite the Kamala Nehru Park.
- 79. Slums in Mumbai
- 80. Content • Overview • Types of Slums in Mumbai • Dharavi • Basic Amenities in Slums • Epidemics & Other Disasters • Reformation Plans • Conclusion • Reference Links
- 81. Overview Though Mumbai is a “City of Dreams”, it is also a major hub for slums in the city According to a recent research, it has been noted that half of Mumbai’s population lives in slums
- 82. Types of Slums in Mumbai Slums in Mumbai Chawls & Patra Chawls Zopadpattis Pavement Dwellings
- 83. Introduction to Types of Slums Chawls – Chawls are basically one room structures with small cooking spaces and common sanitation areas Zopadpattis – Zopadpattis are typical squatters in vernacular. They are the most predominant categories which fall under slum Pavement Dwellings – Pavement Dwellings are shanties built on footpaths alongside roads or pavements. Majority of the pavement dwellers dwell from different regions of the country
- 84. Dharavi Dharavi is one of the largest slum dwelling region in the world Founded in the year 1880 during British regiment, the Dharavi region has only expanded in the number of residents in its slum
- 85. Economy in Dharavi There are many pottery, textile industries located in Dharavi Over the recent years, large recycling industries have also formed their base in Dharavi
- 86. Sanitation – Sanitation in slums is extremely poor. There are limited community toilets to take care of basic utilities of the residents in slums. Hence, many prefer defecating in the open Water Supply – On comparing with sanitation facilities in slums, the water supply coverage is still decent Waste Management – There are inadequate bins, lack of awareness among slum dwellers Basic Amenities
- 87. Due to lack of sanitation facilities, cleanliness, etc, the slum residents have always witnessed significant loss of lives Plagues, malaria, cholera, typhoid, jaundice, etc have always targeted the local residents Epidemics & Other Disasters
- 88. Transforming Mumbai into a World Class City Resettlement & Rehabilitation Of Urban Poor
- 89. Mumbai’s Vision “Transforming Mumbai into a world class city with a vibrant economy and globally comparable quality of life.”
- 90. Importance Of Mumbai Commercial and financial capital of India Generates 5% of India’s GDP Contributes over 1/3rd of India’s tax revenues The two ports in Mumbai handle 1/3rd of the country’s total foreign trade Shares about 38% and 26% of international and domestic air traffic respectively Contributes over Rs. 40,000 crore p.a. as taxes to Central Government A very high rate of migration to Mumbai for employment
- 91. Rs. thousand Crore p.a. Cus- toms Excise In- come State Total 8 9 25 13 Less than 1% of revenue generated in Mumbai ploughed back into city MUMBAI contributes more than RS. 40,000 Crore annually to GoI Cen- tral 42 55
- 92. Mumbai showing visible signs of decline Engine of economic growth of country is losing out to other cities. Overburdened Transport System Proliferation of slums especially in sites reserved for essential infrastructure Declining industrial and economic activities Encroachments surrounding the Airport leading to safety and security concerns Lack of affordable housing
- 93. 15 Largest cities in the world, 2000- 15 0 5,000,000 10,000,000 15,000,000 20,000,000 25,000,000 30,000,000 Tokyo Mumbai Dhaka São Paulo Delhi Mexico City New York Calcutta Karachi Lagos Los Angeles Shanghai Metro Manila Beijing Cairo 2015 2000
- 94. PopulationinLakhs 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 14.00 38.99 32.85 49.60 31.74 67.50 28.00 30.90 33.26 88.00 Island city Suburbs Year Population explosion adding pressure on existing infrastructure 35.00 115.00 2011
- 95. No.ofvehiclesregisteredinlacs 1981 1991 2001 Mumbai - Mahim Junction Year 1.52 19711961 0.61 Ever increasing vehicular growth choking the road corridors 3.09 6.23 10.30 16.00 2011E
- 96. 3 Key areas for Mumbai’s transformation Transport infrastructure Civic infrastructure Economic Growth Housing Towards a world-class Mumbai Slum Development Resettlement & Rehabilitation of Slums Metro Rail MUTP I & II MUIP Western Freeway Mumbai Trans-Harbour Link 1 2nd international airport Augmentation of water supply Upgradation of drainage systems National Status to KEM Hospital
- 98. 55% live in slums and 65 lakhs people do not have permanent shelter (Approximately 3000 Slums pockets) Slums and Encroachments affecting vital public projects 12 lakhs houses needed to provide shelter to slum dwellers Present Scenario of Housing Land has become scarce. Vast tracts of lands are locked up due to CRZ regulations and salt pan leases. Thousands of buildings are in dilapidated conditions endangering the lives of lakhs of people
- 99. Slums affected by Vital Infrastructure Projects Implementation of MUTP and MUIP requires shifting of 58000 slum dwelling families comprising of about 3,50,000 population in the right of way of roads and safety margins on the rail corridors About 23,000 slum dwelling families are affected by MUTP About 35,000 slum dwelling families are affected by MUIP More than 80,000 slums surround the Airport require immediate rehabilitation
- 100. Project Requirement Already shifted Yet to be shifted MUTP 22, 829 14,000 8,829 MUIP 35, 000 6,000 29,000 Total 57, 829 20,000 37,829 Current Status of Rehabilitation
- 101. Site Views Mankhurd Oshiwara Mahul - B Majas Ghatkopar Transit at Mankhurd
- 102. Thank youThank You