Municipal solid waste management
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According to EPA regulations, solid waste includes any garbage, refuse, sludge, and discarded materials from industrial, commercial, mining, agricultural, and community activities. Solid wastes can be classified based on their properties (e.g. biodegradable vs non-biodegradable), health and environmental effects (e.g. hazardous vs non-hazardous), and origin/type (e.g. municipal, medical, industrial, agricultural, radioactive, electronic). Improper waste management can negatively impact human health, the environment, and climate. The waste hierarchy refers to reducing, reusing and recycling waste. Common methods for solid waste disposal include landfilling, incineration, pyrolysis, gasification, and
Municipal solid waste management
- 2. According to EPA regulations, SOLID WASTE is Any garbage or refuse (Municipal Solid Waste) Sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility Other discarded material Solid, liquid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous material from industrial, commercial, mining, and agricultural operations, and from community activities
- 3. Classification of Wastes according to their Properties Bio-degradable Non-biodegradable
- 4. Classification of Wastes according to their Effects on Human Health and the Environment Hazardous wastes Non-hazardous
- 5. Classification of wastes according to their origin and type Municipal Solid wastes Medical wastes Industrial wastes Agricultural wastes Radioactive wastes Electronic wastes
- 6. Sources of Wastes Households Commerce and Industry
- 7. IMPACTS OF WASTE IF NOT MANAGED •Affects our health •Affects our coastal and marine environment •Affects our climate
- 8. Waste hierarchy Waste hierarchy refers to 3 Rs Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
- 9. SOLID-WASTE DISPOSAL • Landfilling • Incineration • Pyrolysis • Gasification • Plasma gasification
- 10. Landfilling Oldest method, waste disposed in landfill. Waste digested anaerobically and produce biogas used as source of heating.
- 12. Incineration Mass burn technology in the presence of oxygen. Waste burn in incinerator and converted in to ash and harmful green house gasses.
- 14. Pyrolysis Thermal treatment in the absence of oxygen at low temperature. Syngas, pyrolysis is liquid and coke obtained as products.
- 16. Gasification Partial oxidation of waste at high temperature. Products are low quality synthesis gas (a mixture of carbon mono-oxide and hydrogen used espacially in chemical synthesis), slag ( unwanted material of a metal) and metals.
- 18. Plasma gasification Waste is converted into syngas and vitrified slag at high temperature. No emission of green house gasses.
Editor's Notes
- #4: Bio-degradable: can be degraded (paper, wood, fruits and others. Non-biodegradable: cannot be degraded (plastics, bottles, old and others.
- #5: Hazardous waste: Any material which can cause effect on environment, human, animal and plants. Non-hazardous waste: Any material which do not effect on environment, human, animal and plants.
- #6: Municipal Solid wastes: Solid wastes that include household garbage, rubbish, construction & demolition debris, sanitation residues, packaging materials, trade refuges etc. are managed by any municipality. Bio-medical wastes: Solid or liquid wastes including containers, intermediate or end products generated during diagnosis, treatment & research activities of medical sciences. Industrial wastes: Liquid and solid wastes that are generated by manufacturing & processing units of various industries like chemical, petroleum, coal, metal gas, sanitary & paper etc. Agricultural wastes: Wastes generated from farming activities. These substances are mostly biodegradable. Radioactive wastes: Waste containing radioactive materials. Usually these are byproducts of nuclear processes. Sometimes industries that are not directly involved in nuclear activities, may also produce some radioactive wastes, e.g. radio-isotopes, chemical sludge etc. E-wastes: Electronic wastes generated from any modern establishments. They may be described as discarded electrical or electronic devices. Some electronic scrap components.