My sql monitoring cu沙龙

MySQL Monitoring

ChinaUnix网友技术交流
曹金成 NetSeek

MySQL Monitoring
一、如何有效监控?监控的目的
二、基本监控解决方案(基础数据收集)
三、高级解决方案(数据库健康状态，优化)
四、MySQL性能相关交互式监控工具
五、相关资源参考

一、如何有效监控?
一、如何有效监控?监控的目的?
1 、服务健康监测（存活，故障告警…..）
2 、监控系统采集数据，依据数据进行调优

二、基本监控解决方案
二、基本监控解决方案(收集系统信息)
top 、vmstat 、iostat 、mpstat 、mytop 、
dstata 、free 、/proc/…. 、mstat 、
mtop …….命令行工具分析系统资源使用状
况.

三、高级监控解决方案
1、Nagios相关:(收集数据库信息及健康状态，对数据库调整优化)
check_mysql [推荐]
nagios-mysql-plugins-0.3 [适当选择]
check_mysql_health [重点介绍推荐]
＊由于时间关系本PPT只重点介绍一下Nagios相关的插件脚本.
重点介绍一下check_mysql_health监控数据库调优。

2、MySQL Activity Report
基于rrdtool
*http://gert.sos.be/en/projects/mysqlar/
*http://gert.sos.be/demo/mysqlar/ 演示网站

………
3、CACTI
4、RRD
参考资料:
* http://vvv.k6p.de/rrd/
* http://oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool/rrdworld/
* http://www.fi.muni.cz/~kas/mrtg-rrd/
* http://www.tnpi.biz/internet/manage/rrdutil/faq/mysql.shtml

5、Munin
…………..

Nagios check_mysql
#cd /usr/local/nagios/libexec/
# ./check_mysql –help //查看使用说明
• ........
• Usage: check_mysql [-d database] [-H host] [-P port] [-s socket]
• [-u user] [-p password] [-S]
• Options:
• -h, --help
• Print detailed help screen
• -V, --version
• Print version information
• -H, --hostname=ADDRESS
• Host name, IP Address, or unix socket (must be an absolute path)
• -P, --port=INTEGER
• Port number (default: 3306)
• -s, --socket=STRING
• Use the specified socket (has no effect if -H is used)
• -d, --database=STRING
• Check database with indicated name
• -u, --username=STRING
• Connect using the indicated username
• -p, --password=STRING
• Use the indicated password to authenticate the connection
• ==> IMPORTANT: THIS FORM OF AUTHENTICATION IS NOT SECURE!!! <==
• Your clear-text password could be visible as a process table entry
• -S, --check-slave //检测Slave状态.
• Check if the slave thread is running properly.
• -w, --warning
• Exit with WARNING status if slave server is more than INTEGER seconds
• behind master
• -c, --critical
• Exit with CRITICAL status if slave server is more then INTEGER seconds
• behind master

Nagios check_mysql
• 示例：
• Nagios 监控服务器:192.168.169.138
• 如要监控DB服务器192.168.169.204和Slave DB服务器
192.168.169.123

• 数据库授权：(登陆DB服务器，进行授权用户名netseek,密码
linuxtone)
• mysql> grant all privileges
• -> on *.*
• -> to netseek@192.168.169.138 identified by 'linuxtone';
• Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

• mysql> flush privileges;
• Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Nagios check_mysql
• 示例：
• ………………………
• 在监控机上.
• #cd /usr/local/nagios/libexec/
• 连接204查看数据库状态:
• #./check_mysql -H 192.168.169.204 -u netseek -p linuxtone
• Uptime: 2146510 Threads: 1 Questions: 61155591 Slow queries: 325 Opens: 1273
Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 767 Queries per second avg: 28.491

• 连接数据库123查看
• ./check_mysql -H 192.168.169.123 -u netseek -p linuxtone -S -w 60 -c 600
• Uptime: 35349 Threads: 1 Questions: 4022 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 38 Flush
tables: 1 Open tables: 32 Queries per second avg: 0.114 Slave IO: Yes Slave SQL:
Yes Seconds Behind Master: 0

• OK,在命令行下都能正常连接数据库:

Check_mysql Nagios配置
# vi commands.cfg 添加如下：
#check_mysql
define command{
command_name check_mysql
command_line $USER1$/check_mysql -H $ARG1$ -P
$ARG2$ -u $ARG3$ -p $ARG4$ //仔细看参数传递与上面的命令
行对应.
}
#check_slave
define command{
command_name check_slave
command_line $USER1$/check_mysql -H $ARG1$ -P
$ARG2$ -u $ARG3$ -p $ARG4$ -S -w $ARG5$ -c $ARG6$
}

Check_mysql Nagios配置
• ………
• #vi sh-wt-www-db.cfg 给上海网通两台DB服务器配置上mysql数据库检测:
• ...... 在自己定的的配置文件里，添加如下服务段.
• #check_mysql
• define service{
• host_name dbss-master
• service_description check_mysql
• check_command check_mysql!192.168.169.122!3306!netseek!linuxtone
• ........
• }

• #check slave
• define service{
• host_name dbss-slave
• service_description check_slave
• check_command check_slave!192.168.169.123!3306!netseek!linuxtone!60!600
• ........
• }

Nagios check_mysql
• check_mysql监控演示效果

• Check_mysql –S
模块可以很好的检测mysql replication slave的健康状态.
mysql>show slave stautsG
• *是否工作
Slave_IO_running: YES
Slave_SQL_running: YES
• *延迟情况
Sencodes_behind_master

nagios-mysql-plugins
选择性的使用此插件来配合监控工作
# wget http://www.shinguz.ch/MySQL/nagios-mysql-plugins-0.3.tar.gz
# tar zxvf nagios-mysql-plugins-0.3.tar.gz
# cd nagios-mysql-plugins-0.3
# chmod a+x *
# mv * /usr/local/nagios/libexec

插件解释:
check_db_mysql.pl 检测mysql是否运行.
check_errorlog_mysql.pl 检测数据库下的错误日志
perf_mysql.pl 收集性能数据,类似后面要讲的check_mysql_health

replication相关.
check_repl_mysql_cnt_slave_hosts.pl //检测复制相关。
check_repl_mysql_hearbeat.pl
check_repl_mysql_io_thread.pl
check_repl_mysql_read_exec_pos.pl
check_repl_mysql_readonly.pl
check_repl_mysql_seconds_behind_master.pl
check_repl_mysql_sql_thread.pl
• -----------------------------------------------------------------

nagios-mysql-plugins
./check_db_mysql.pl -h 192.168.169.204 -u netseek -p linuxtone -port 3306

编写command
define command{
command_name check_db_mysql
command_line $USER1$/check_db_mysql.pl -h $ARG1$ -u $ARG2$ -p
$ARG3$ -port $ARG4$
................
}

服务端配置:
.........
check_command check_db_mysql!192.168.169.204!netseek!linuxtone!3306
...........

check_mysql_health
一、安装check_mysql_health
官方网站:http://www.consol.de/opensource/nagios/check-mysql-health/
# wget http://www.consol.de/fileadmin/opensource/Nagios/check_mysql_health-2.0.3.tar.gz
# tar zxvf check_mysql_health-2.0.3.tar.gz
# cd check_mysql_health-2.0.3

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagios --with-nagios-user=nagios
-- with-nagios-group=nagios --with-perl
--with-statefiles-dir=/tmp

# make && make install

注:check_mysql_health
(check_mysql_perf的替代方案，官方不再支持 check_mysql_perf)

详细参见:http://www.consol.com/opensource/nagios/check-mysql-perf

check_mysql_health
二、check_mysql_health 插件使用说明
# cd /usr/local/nagios/libexec/
# ./check_mysql_health --help

Check various parameters of MySQL databases

Usage:
check_mysql_health [-v] [-t <timeout>] [[--hostname <hostname>]
[--port <port> | --socket <socket>]
--username <username> --password <password>] --mode <mode>
[--method mysql]
check_mysql_health [-h | --help]
check_mysql_health [-V | --version]
…………………………………

check_mysql_health
……….
Options:
--hostname
the database server's hostname
--port
the database's port. (default: 3306)
--socket
the database's unix socket.
--username
the mysql db user
--password
the mysql db user's password
--database
the database's name. (default: information_schema)
--warning
the warning range
--critical
the critical range

check_mysql_health
……….
--mode
the mode of the plugin. select one of the following keywords:
connection-time (Time to connect to the server)
连接到服务器的时间.
uptime (Time the server is running)
MySQL服务器运行的时间
threads-connected (Number of currently open connections)
数据库服器当前打开的连接
threadcache-hitrate (Hit rate of the thread-cache) 线程缓存命中率

------mysql replication 相关段------
slave-lag (Seconds behind master) 判断slave落后于master多少秒
slave-io-running (Slave io running: Yes) 表明Slave复制正常运行
slave-sql-running (Slave sql running: Yes) 表明Slave复制正常运行

用check_mysql 模块来替代这些功能更,check_mysql是用C写的执行速度更快. --check-slave
./check_mysql -H 192.168.169.123 -u netseek -p linuxtone -S 来解决

check_mysql_health
…….
--------查询缓存相关--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
qcache-hitrate (Query cache hitrate)
查询命中率,这个比率越高则表明服务器的SELECT 查询性能就越好

qcache-lowmem-prunes (Query cache entries pruned because of low memory)
由于内存较小从缓和存删除的查询数量
增大query_cache_size的值，以减小lowmem,增加缓存命中率

keycache-hitrate (MyISAM key cache hitrate)n key缓存命中率
如果命中率低，则调大key_buffer_size

------InnoDB Cache命中率---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bufferpool-hitrate (InnoDB buffer pool hitrate) Innodb 缓冲池命中率
bufferpool-wait-free (InnoDB buffer pool waits for clean page available) Innodb的缓行
冲池等待清理页.
log-waits (InnoDB log waits because of a too small log buffer) 因为太小log缓冲区导致
inndob log等待.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

check_mysql_health
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
tablecache-hitrate (Table cache hitrate) 表缓存命中率
table-lock-contention (Table lock contention) 连接锁表率
table_locks_waited/table_locaks_immediate
table_locak_waited：不能立即获得的表的锁表次数
table_locak_immediate: 立即获得的表的锁表次数.
小于1%较优，如果1%需要引起注意，>3% 性能问题.
index-usage (Usage of indices) 索引使用情况.
tmp-disk-tables (Percent of temp tables created on disk) 临时表创建立.
slow-queries (Slow queries) 慢查询
long-running-procs (long running processes) 长期运行的进程.
cluster-ndbd-running (ndnd nodes are up and running) ndbd 集群节点运行状况
sql (any sql command returning a single number) 执行返回一个数字的任何SQL
。。。。。。。。。
告警值规则:
"10" means "Alert, if > 10" and
"90:" means "Alert, if < 90“

check_mysql_health
三、示例：
Nagios 监控服务器:192.168.169.138
如要监控DB服务器192.168.169.204和Slave DB服务器192.168.169.123

数据库授权：(登陆DB服务器，进行授权用户名netseek,密码linuxtone)
mysql> grant all privileges
-> on *.*
-> to netseek@192.168.169.138 identified by 'linuxtone';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

OK - 2 client connection threads | threads_connected=2;10;20

check_mysql_health
三、示例：

在监控机上.
#cd /usr/local/nagios/libexec/
连接123查看数据库查询线程缓存命中率状态:
# ./check_mysql_health --hostname 192.168.169.123 --port 3306 --
username netseek --password linuxtone --mode threadcache-hitrate
OK - thread cache hitrate 91.30% | thread_cache_hitrate=91.30%;90:;80:
thread_cache_hitrate_now=91.30% connections_per_sec=0.00
90: 表示小于90 warning, 80 表示小于80 则critical

查询命中率
# ./check_mysql_health --hostname 192.168.169.122 --port 3306 --
username netseek --password linuxtone --mode qcache-hitrate
WARNING - query cache hitrate 88.19% | qcache_hitrate=88.19%;90:;80:
qcache_hitrate_now=78.57% selects_per_sec=0.75

check_mysql_health
三、示例：

在监控机上.
…………………
调整告警阀值:
# ./check_mysql_health --hostname 192.168.169.122 --port 3306 --username netseek --password
linuxtone -w 80: -c 70: --mode qcache-hitrate
OK - query cache hitrate 88.19% | qcache_hitrate=88.19%;80:;70: qcache_hitrate_now=85.63%
selects_per_sec=0.52

连接123数据库查看锁表率.
linuxtone --mode table-lock-contention
OK - table lock contention 0.00% | tablelock_contention=0.00%;1;2
tablelock_contention_now=0.00%

连接123数据库查看数据库服务器当前连接数量:
linuxtone --mode threads-connected
OK - 2 client connection threads | threads_connected=2;10;20

check_mysql_health
Nagios相关配置
# vi commands.cfg 添加如下：
#check_health_mysql
define command{
command_name check_mysql_health
command_line $USER1$/check_mysql_health --hostname $ARG1$ --port
$ARG2$ --username $ARG3$ --password $ARG4$ --mode $ARG5$
}

#vi sh-wt-www-db.cfg 给上海网通两台DB服务器配置上mysql数据库检测:
...... 在自己定的的配置文件里，添加如下服务段.
define service{
host_name dbss-slave
service_description threads-connected
check_command
check_mysql_health!192.168.169.123!3306!netseek!linuxtone!threads-
connected

check_mysql_health
.................................................

define service{
service_description qcache-hitrate
check_command
check_mysql_health!192.168.169.123!3306!netseek!linuxtone!qcache-hitrate
.................................................
}

define service{
service_description keycache-hitrate
check_command
check_mysql_health!192.168.169.123!3306!netseek!linuxtone!keycache-hitrate
.................................................
}

check_mysql_health
• 演示效果

• 更详细请参照官方文档:
http://www.consol.de/opensource/nagios/check-mysql-health

四、MySQL性能交互式监控工具
1、MySQL性能调优命令行工具介绍
* http://www.day32.com/MySQL/tuning-primer.sh

* http://hackmysql.com/mysqlreport

* http://tools.assembla.com/svn/mysqltuner/mysqltuner.pl

操作文章参考: http://bbs.linuxtone.org/thread-988-1-1.html
* innotop: http://innodb.sourceforge.net

2、慢查询日志分析
* 如何记录慢查询日志
# vi /etc/my.cnf
log-queries-not-using-indexes
long_query_time = 10
log-slow-queries = /data/mysql/data/slow.log

3、慢查询日志分析工具
mysqldumpslow , mysqlsla, myprofi, mysql-explain-slow-log, mysqllogfilter

四、相关参考资源

• 相关参考资源
1. monitoring_mysql_slides_en
2. MySQL Slow Tools
3. check_mysql.c
4. MySQL Monitoring

Thanks!

• LinuxTone Web:
--http://www.linuxtone.org
• Email:
• --cnseek@gmail.com

My sql monitoring cu沙龙

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