This chapter covers the following:
- What is SQL
- Categories of SQL statements
- History of SQL
- Relational Database Structure
- MySQL Setup for practice
- SQL Basics (Lexical elements, Data types, Literals)
SQLite is a public-domain software package that provides a lightweight relational database management system (RDBMS). It can be used to store user-defined records in tables. SQLite is flexible in where it can run and how it can be used, such as for in-memory databases, data stores, client/server stand-ins, and as a generic SQL engine. The SQLite codebase supports multiple platforms and consists of the SQLite core, sqlite3 command-line tool, Tcl extension, and configuration/building options. SQL is the main language for interacting with relational databases like SQLite and consists of commands for data definition, manipulation, and more.
SQL is a standard language for querying, manipulating, and defining data in databases. It allows users to retrieve, insert, update, and delete data as well as create databases, tables, stored procedures, and views. While SQL is an ANSI standard, different database systems have their own proprietary extensions. To build a dynamic website that interacts with a database, a developer needs an RDBMS like MySQL, a scripting language like PHP, knowledge of SQL, and HTML/CSS.
SQL is a standard language for querying, manipulating, and defining data in databases. It allows users to retrieve, insert, update, and delete data as well as create databases and tables. Common SQL commands include SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, INSERT, and WHERE. SQL databases also typically have proprietary extensions beyond the SQL standard. To build a website that displays database data, a developer needs an RDBMS database, a server-side scripting language like PHP, SQL, and HTML/CSS.
This document provides an overview of SQL and SQLite concepts. It begins with an introduction to relational database management systems (RDBMS) and types of SQL commands. It then covers topics like data definition language (DDL) for creating tables, data manipulation language (DML) for inserting, updating and deleting data, and introducing SQLite features. The document demonstrates how to set up a SQLite environment, use the DB Browser for SQLite GUI, and provides examples of interactive commands in the SQLite command line interface including creating databases and tables, inserting data, and running queries.
Advanced SQL - Database Access from Programming LanguagesS.Shayan Daneshvar
This document discusses various approaches for accessing databases from programming languages, including dynamic SQL, embedded SQL, standards like ODBC, JDBC, ADO/ADO.NET, and examples of using these standards. It covers connecting to databases, executing queries and stored procedures, handling results, and addressing issues like SQL injection. Other topics mentioned include database metadata, transactions, repository patterns, object-relational mapping tools, and database version control.
SQL stands for Structured Query Language. It was invented in the 1970s by IBM as a special purpose programming language for managing databases and querying structured data. Some key advantages of SQL include its ability to retrieve large amounts of records from a database quickly and efficiently, as well as create functions, triggers, and procedures. However, SQL can also be difficult to interface with and features are sometimes implemented in proprietary ways.
MySQL is an open-source relational database management system that works on many platforms. It provides multi-user access to support many storage engines and is backed by Oracle. SQL is the core of a relational database which is used for accessing and managing the database. The different subsets of SQL are DDL, DML, DCL, and TCL. MySQL has many features including ease of management, robust transactional support, high performance, low total cost of ownership, and scalability.
SQL (Structured Query Language) is a programming language which is used to manage data stored in relational databases like MySQL, MS Access, SQL Server, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, Postgres etc.
This document discusses SQL functions. It defines SQL functions as sub-programs commonly used for processing or manipulating data in SQL databases. It notes that SQL functions have input parameters and return a single value. The document categorizes SQL functions into built-in and user-defined functions. Built-in functions are standard functions provided by the SQL system, while user-defined functions are created by users for specific purposes. Some advantages of SQL functions are that they can be reused, improve performance, and make complex logic easier to understand. Examples of aggregate functions like AVG, COUNT, MAX, and SUM are provided.
This document provides notes on SQL (Structured Query Language) for placement preparation. It covers topics like what SQL and a database are, the differences between SQL and PL/SQL, SQL operators like BETWEEN, IN, and LIKE, clauses like WHERE and HAVING, SQL commands categorized into DDL, DQL, DML, DCL, and TCL. It also discusses normalization and denormalization in databases and nested queries in SQL. The notes are intended to help students prepare for job interviews by reviewing essential SQL concepts.
SQL Server 2008 is Microsoft's enterprise database server designed to compete with Oracle and IBM DB2. It allows users to store, retrieve, and manipulate data to meet business objectives. The document provides an overview of SQL Server 2008, including its editions, components, and new features. It describes how to set up a SQL Server instance, create databases, access and update data, and manage databases ongoing.
This document provides an introduction to SQL Server for beginners. It discusses prerequisites for learning SQL such as knowledge of discrete mathematics. It explains that SQL Server runs as a service and can be accessed via tools like SQL Server Management Studio. The document also covers basic concepts in SQL Server including how data is stored and organized in tables, columns, rows and databases. It defines primary keys and discusses different data types. Finally, it discusses the client-server model and how SQL Server can be accessed from client applications via libraries, web services, and other connectivity options.
This document provides an overview of SQL (Structured Query Language). It discusses that SQL is used to define, manipulate, and control data in a relational database. It can define database schemas, insert, modify, retrieve, and delete data from databases. The document also provides a brief history of SQL and describes its main components like DDL, DML, and DCL. It provides examples of common SQL commands and functions. Finally, it discusses SQL Plus which is a basic Oracle utility used to interact with databases through a command line interface.
SQL Server is a relational database management system developed by Microsoft that supports the SQL language. It has several editions with different capabilities and limitations. The SQL Server architecture consists of three main layers - the SQL Server Network Interface, Database Engine, and SQLOS API. The Database Engine handles query processing and storage. SQL Web and Express editions have limitations such as restricted CPU cores and database size. SQL Azure also has limitations compared to on-premises SQL Server editions such as different T-SQL syntax and inability to switch databases.
The document compares differences between SQL Server and PostgreSQL, cross joins and full outer joins, SQL Server and Oracle, views and stored procedures, and IN and EXISTS clauses. Some key differences include:
- PostgreSQL uses COPY instead of BULK INSERT and defaults to a different listening port than SQL Server
- A cross join returns all row combinations while a full outer join returns all rows from both tables with NULLs for unmatched fields
- SQL Server and Oracle have different default users, data types, and query plan reading directions
- Views allow single SELECT queries while stored procedures support multiple statements and parameterization
- IN checks for value matches in a subquery while EXISTS only checks if the subquery returns any rows
SQL is a non-procedural, declarative language used to work with databases and manage data storage and retrieval. It includes statements for data definition (DDL), data control (DCL), and data manipulation (DML). SQL code describes the results desired rather than how to perform the task. Database applications typically separate the user interface from the data management using connections to access and retrieve data from the database server. Microsoft SQL Server is commonly used and has different editions suitable for database courses like CIS-182.
This document provides an overview of SQL and DDL (Data Definition Language) compared to DDS (Data Description Specifications) for database object creation and management on IBM i. Some key advantages of using SQL/DDL include improved data integrity through validation on write, support for features like views and referential integrity, and potentially better performance through larger access paths. The document includes examples of common DDL statements like CREATE TABLE and CREATE INDEX and discusses converting existing applications from DDS to DDL.
James Johnson is the founder and president of the Inland Empire .NET User's Group and a Microsoft MVP. He is an evangelist, software architect, author, and mentor with interests in new technologies. SQL Azure is Microsoft's cloud-based relational database that is compatible with SQL Server and accessible from many programming languages. It has limitations compared to SQL Server, such as a maximum database size of 10GB and lack of features like CLR, filegroups and replication. Migration tools can help modify schemas and scripts to be compatible with SQL Azure.
Kaashiv SQL Server Interview Questions Presentationkaashiv1
The document introduces Mr. J. Venkatesan Prabu, the Managing Director of KAASHIV INFOTECH. It details his experience of over 8 years working with Microsoft technologies and as Project Lead at HCL Technologies in India and Australia. As a service, Venkat has contributed over 700 articles read by developers in 170 countries and conducted career guidance programs for over 20,000 students. He has received several awards including the Microsoft MVP award multiple times. The document acknowledges support from his family and team at KAASHIV INFOTECH.
SQL is a domain-specific language that is popular around the globe. Most organizations search for a talented and experienced SQL programmer but most fail to hire the best. Having the best SQL programmer ensures that work is carried out smoothly, However, an inexperienced SQL programmer can cause losses. This is the reason that most organizations carry out SQL assessment tests through platforms such as Evalart to assess the skills of candidates. The SQL online test by Evalart assesses applicants' understanding of SQL queries as well as relational database fundamentals such as indexes and restrictions.
The purpose of the structured query language (SQL) is to store and process data in a relational database. Data in a relational database is often stored in tabular format, with rows and columns standing in for individual data properties and relationships between values. With SQL statements, you may enter data into a database, modify it, delete it, search it, and get it again. Burraq IT solutions provide SQL Training courses in Lahore Database performance can also be monitored and improved with the help of SQL.
MySQL is an open-source relational database management system that works on many platforms. It provides multi-user access to support many storage engines and is backed by Oracle. SQL is the core of a relational database which is used for accessing and managing the database. The different subsets of SQL are DDL, DML, DCL, and TCL. MySQL has many features including ease of management, robust transactional support, high performance, low total cost of ownership, and scalability.
SQL (Structured Query Language) is a programming language which is used to manage data stored in relational databases like MySQL, MS Access, SQL Server, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, Postgres etc.
This document discusses SQL functions. It defines SQL functions as sub-programs commonly used for processing or manipulating data in SQL databases. It notes that SQL functions have input parameters and return a single value. The document categorizes SQL functions into built-in and user-defined functions. Built-in functions are standard functions provided by the SQL system, while user-defined functions are created by users for specific purposes. Some advantages of SQL functions are that they can be reused, improve performance, and make complex logic easier to understand. Examples of aggregate functions like AVG, COUNT, MAX, and SUM are provided.
This document provides notes on SQL (Structured Query Language) for placement preparation. It covers topics like what SQL and a database are, the differences between SQL and PL/SQL, SQL operators like BETWEEN, IN, and LIKE, clauses like WHERE and HAVING, SQL commands categorized into DDL, DQL, DML, DCL, and TCL. It also discusses normalization and denormalization in databases and nested queries in SQL. The notes are intended to help students prepare for job interviews by reviewing essential SQL concepts.
SQL Server 2008 is Microsoft's enterprise database server designed to compete with Oracle and IBM DB2. It allows users to store, retrieve, and manipulate data to meet business objectives. The document provides an overview of SQL Server 2008, including its editions, components, and new features. It describes how to set up a SQL Server instance, create databases, access and update data, and manage databases ongoing.
This document provides an introduction to SQL Server for beginners. It discusses prerequisites for learning SQL such as knowledge of discrete mathematics. It explains that SQL Server runs as a service and can be accessed via tools like SQL Server Management Studio. The document also covers basic concepts in SQL Server including how data is stored and organized in tables, columns, rows and databases. It defines primary keys and discusses different data types. Finally, it discusses the client-server model and how SQL Server can be accessed from client applications via libraries, web services, and other connectivity options.
This document provides an overview of SQL (Structured Query Language). It discusses that SQL is used to define, manipulate, and control data in a relational database. It can define database schemas, insert, modify, retrieve, and delete data from databases. The document also provides a brief history of SQL and describes its main components like DDL, DML, and DCL. It provides examples of common SQL commands and functions. Finally, it discusses SQL Plus which is a basic Oracle utility used to interact with databases through a command line interface.
SQL Server is a relational database management system developed by Microsoft that supports the SQL language. It has several editions with different capabilities and limitations. The SQL Server architecture consists of three main layers - the SQL Server Network Interface, Database Engine, and SQLOS API. The Database Engine handles query processing and storage. SQL Web and Express editions have limitations such as restricted CPU cores and database size. SQL Azure also has limitations compared to on-premises SQL Server editions such as different T-SQL syntax and inability to switch databases.
The document compares differences between SQL Server and PostgreSQL, cross joins and full outer joins, SQL Server and Oracle, views and stored procedures, and IN and EXISTS clauses. Some key differences include:
- PostgreSQL uses COPY instead of BULK INSERT and defaults to a different listening port than SQL Server
- A cross join returns all row combinations while a full outer join returns all rows from both tables with NULLs for unmatched fields
- SQL Server and Oracle have different default users, data types, and query plan reading directions
- Views allow single SELECT queries while stored procedures support multiple statements and parameterization
- IN checks for value matches in a subquery while EXISTS only checks if the subquery returns any rows
SQL is a non-procedural, declarative language used to work with databases and manage data storage and retrieval. It includes statements for data definition (DDL), data control (DCL), and data manipulation (DML). SQL code describes the results desired rather than how to perform the task. Database applications typically separate the user interface from the data management using connections to access and retrieve data from the database server. Microsoft SQL Server is commonly used and has different editions suitable for database courses like CIS-182.
This document provides an overview of SQL and DDL (Data Definition Language) compared to DDS (Data Description Specifications) for database object creation and management on IBM i. Some key advantages of using SQL/DDL include improved data integrity through validation on write, support for features like views and referential integrity, and potentially better performance through larger access paths. The document includes examples of common DDL statements like CREATE TABLE and CREATE INDEX and discusses converting existing applications from DDS to DDL.
James Johnson is the founder and president of the Inland Empire .NET User's Group and a Microsoft MVP. He is an evangelist, software architect, author, and mentor with interests in new technologies. SQL Azure is Microsoft's cloud-based relational database that is compatible with SQL Server and accessible from many programming languages. It has limitations compared to SQL Server, such as a maximum database size of 10GB and lack of features like CLR, filegroups and replication. Migration tools can help modify schemas and scripts to be compatible with SQL Azure.
Kaashiv SQL Server Interview Questions Presentationkaashiv1
The document introduces Mr. J. Venkatesan Prabu, the Managing Director of KAASHIV INFOTECH. It details his experience of over 8 years working with Microsoft technologies and as Project Lead at HCL Technologies in India and Australia. As a service, Venkat has contributed over 700 articles read by developers in 170 countries and conducted career guidance programs for over 20,000 students. He has received several awards including the Microsoft MVP award multiple times. The document acknowledges support from his family and team at KAASHIV INFOTECH.
SQL is a domain-specific language that is popular around the globe. Most organizations search for a talented and experienced SQL programmer but most fail to hire the best. Having the best SQL programmer ensures that work is carried out smoothly, However, an inexperienced SQL programmer can cause losses. This is the reason that most organizations carry out SQL assessment tests through platforms such as Evalart to assess the skills of candidates. The SQL online test by Evalart assesses applicants' understanding of SQL queries as well as relational database fundamentals such as indexes and restrictions.
The purpose of the structured query language (SQL) is to store and process data in a relational database. Data in a relational database is often stored in tabular format, with rows and columns standing in for individual data properties and relationships between values. With SQL statements, you may enter data into a database, modify it, delete it, search it, and get it again. Burraq IT solutions provide SQL Training courses in Lahore Database performance can also be monitored and improved with the help of SQL.
A measles outbreak originating in West Texas has been linked to confirmed cases in New Mexico, with additional cases reported in Oklahoma and Kansas. The current case count is 795 from Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Kansas. 95 individuals have required hospitalization, and 3 deaths, 2 children in Texas and one adult in New Mexico. These fatalities mark the first measles-related deaths in the United States since 2015 and the first pediatric measles death since 2003.
The YSPH Virtual Medical Operations Center Briefs (VMOC) were created as a service-learning project by faculty and graduate students at the Yale School of Public Health in response to the 2010 Haiti Earthquake. Each year, the VMOC Briefs are produced by students enrolled in Environmental Health Science Course 581 - Public Health Emergencies: Disaster Planning and Response. These briefs compile diverse information sources – including status reports, maps, news articles, and web content– into a single, easily digestible document that can be widely shared and used interactively. Key features of this report include:
- Comprehensive Overview: Provides situation updates, maps, relevant news, and web resources.
- Accessibility: Designed for easy reading, wide distribution, and interactive use.
- Collaboration: The “unlocked" format enables other responders to share, copy, and adapt seamlessly. The students learn by doing, quickly discovering how and where to find critical information and presenting it in an easily understood manner.
How to Set warnings for invoicing specific customers in odooCeline George
Odoo 16 offers a powerful platform for managing sales documents and invoicing efficiently. One of its standout features is the ability to set warnings and block messages for specific customers during the invoicing process.
Exploring Substances:
Acidic, Basic, and
Neutral
Welcome to the fascinating world of acids and bases! Join siblings Ashwin and
Keerthi as they explore the colorful world of substances at their school's
National Science Day fair. Their adventure begins with a mysterious white paper
that reveals hidden messages when sprayed with a special liquid.
In this presentation, we'll discover how different substances can be classified as
acidic, basic, or neutral. We'll explore natural indicators like litmus, red rose
extract, and turmeric that help us identify these substances through color
changes. We'll also learn about neutralization reactions and their applications in
our daily lives.
by sandeep swamy
INTRO TO STATISTICS
INTRO TO SPSS INTERFACE
CLEANING MULTIPLE CHOICE RESPONSE DATA WITH EXCEL
ANALYZING MULTIPLE CHOICE RESPONSE DATA
INTERPRETATION
Q & A SESSION
PRACTICAL HANDS-ON ACTIVITY
Odoo Inventory Rules and Routes v17 - Odoo SlidesCeline George
Odoo's inventory management system is highly flexible and powerful, allowing businesses to efficiently manage their stock operations through the use of Rules and Routes.
The *nervous system of insects* is a complex network of nerve cells (neurons) and supporting cells that process and transmit information. Here's an overview:
Structure
1. *Brain*: The insect brain is a complex structure that processes sensory information, controls behavior, and integrates information.
2. *Ventral nerve cord*: A chain of ganglia (nerve clusters) that runs along the insect's body, controlling movement and sensory processing.
3. *Peripheral nervous system*: Nerves that connect the central nervous system to sensory organs and muscles.
Functions
1. *Sensory processing*: Insects can detect and respond to various stimuli, such as light, sound, touch, taste, and smell.
2. *Motor control*: The nervous system controls movement, including walking, flying, and feeding.
3. *Behavioral responThe *nervous system of insects* is a complex network of nerve cells (neurons) and supporting cells that process and transmit information. Here's an overview:
Structure
1. *Brain*: The insect brain is a complex structure that processes sensory information, controls behavior, and integrates information.
2. *Ventral nerve cord*: A chain of ganglia (nerve clusters) that runs along the insect's body, controlling movement and sensory processing.
3. *Peripheral nervous system*: Nerves that connect the central nervous system to sensory organs and muscles.
Functions
1. *Sensory processing*: Insects can detect and respond to various stimuli, such as light, sound, touch, taste, and smell.
2. *Motor control*: The nervous system controls movement, including walking, flying, and feeding.
3. *Behavioral responses*: Insects can exhibit complex behaviors, such as mating, foraging, and social interactions.
Characteristics
1. *Decentralized*: Insect nervous systems have some autonomy in different body parts.
2. *Specialized*: Different parts of the nervous system are specialized for specific functions.
3. *Efficient*: Insect nervous systems are highly efficient, allowing for rapid processing and response to stimuli.
The insect nervous system is a remarkable example of evolutionary adaptation, enabling insects to thrive in diverse environments.
The insect nervous system is a remarkable example of evolutionary adaptation, enabling insects to thrive
Geography Sem II Unit 1C Correlation of Geography with other school subjectsProfDrShaikhImran
The correlation of school subjects refers to the interconnectedness and mutual reinforcement between different academic disciplines. This concept highlights how knowledge and skills in one subject can support, enhance, or overlap with learning in another. Recognizing these correlations helps in creating a more holistic and meaningful educational experience.
CBSE - Grade 8 - Science - Chemistry - Metals and Non Metals - WorksheetSritoma Majumder
Introduction
All the materials around us are made up of elements. These elements can be broadly divided into two major groups:
Metals
Non-Metals
Each group has its own unique physical and chemical properties. Let's understand them one by one.
Physical Properties
1. Appearance
Metals: Shiny (lustrous). Example: gold, silver, copper.
Non-metals: Dull appearance (except iodine, which is shiny).
2. Hardness
Metals: Generally hard. Example: iron.
Non-metals: Usually soft (except diamond, a form of carbon, which is very hard).
3. State
Metals: Mostly solids at room temperature (except mercury, which is a liquid).
Non-metals: Can be solids, liquids, or gases. Example: oxygen (gas), bromine (liquid), sulphur (solid).
4. Malleability
Metals: Can be hammered into thin sheets (malleable).
Non-metals: Not malleable. They break when hammered (brittle).
5. Ductility
Metals: Can be drawn into wires (ductile).
Non-metals: Not ductile.
6. Conductivity
Metals: Good conductors of heat and electricity.
Non-metals: Poor conductors (except graphite, which is a good conductor).
7. Sonorous Nature
Metals: Produce a ringing sound when struck.
Non-metals: Do not produce sound.
Chemical Properties
1. Reaction with Oxygen
Metals react with oxygen to form metal oxides.
These metal oxides are usually basic.
Non-metals react with oxygen to form non-metallic oxides.
These oxides are usually acidic.
2. Reaction with Water
Metals:
Some react vigorously (e.g., sodium).
Some react slowly (e.g., iron).
Some do not react at all (e.g., gold, silver).
Non-metals: Generally do not react with water.
3. Reaction with Acids
Metals react with acids to produce salt and hydrogen gas.
Non-metals: Do not react with acids.
4. Reaction with Bases
Some non-metals react with bases to form salts, but this is rare.
Metals generally do not react with bases directly (except amphoteric metals like aluminum and zinc).
Displacement Reaction
More reactive metals can displace less reactive metals from their salt solutions.
Uses of Metals
Iron: Making machines, tools, and buildings.
Aluminum: Used in aircraft, utensils.
Copper: Electrical wires.
Gold and Silver: Jewelry.
Zinc: Coating iron to prevent rusting (galvanization).
Uses of Non-Metals
Oxygen: Breathing.
Nitrogen: Fertilizers.
Chlorine: Water purification.
Carbon: Fuel (coal), steel-making (coke).
Iodine: Medicines.
Alloys
An alloy is a mixture of metals or a metal with a non-metal.
Alloys have improved properties like strength, resistance to rusting.
How to Customize Your Financial Reports & Tax Reports With Odoo 17 AccountingCeline George
The Accounting module in Odoo 17 is a complete tool designed to manage all financial aspects of a business. Odoo offers a comprehensive set of tools for generating financial and tax reports, which are crucial for managing a company's finances and ensuring compliance with tax regulations.
Title: A Quick and Illustrated Guide to APA Style Referencing (7th Edition)
This visual and beginner-friendly guide simplifies the APA referencing style (7th edition) for academic writing. Designed especially for commerce students and research beginners, it includes:
✅ Real examples from original research papers
✅ Color-coded diagrams for clarity
✅ Key rules for in-text citation and reference list formatting
✅ Free citation tools like Mendeley & Zotero explained
Whether you're writing a college assignment, dissertation, or academic article, this guide will help you cite your sources correctly, confidently, and consistent.
Created by: Prof. Ishika Ghosh,
Faculty.
📩 For queries or feedback: [email protected]
How to manage Multiple Warehouses for multiple floors in odoo point of saleCeline George
The need for multiple warehouses and effective inventory management is crucial for companies aiming to optimize their operations, enhance customer satisfaction, and maintain a competitive edge.
World war-1(Causes & impacts at a glance) PPT by Simanchala Sarab(BABed,sem-4...larencebapu132
This is short and accurate description of World war-1 (1914-18)
It can give you the perfect factual conceptual clarity on the great war
Regards Simanchala Sarab
Student of BABed(ITEP, Secondary stage)in History at Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar Punjab 🙏🙏
World war-1(Causes & impacts at a glance) PPT by Simanchala Sarab(BABed,sem-4...larencebapu132
Ad
MySQL(PLSQL) Syllabus and SQL vs SQL * plus Session - 01.pptx
1. SEC 4(A) : MYSQL
Programme B.Sc
Subject Computer Science
Semester VI
Session No. 1
Topic MySQL(PLSQL) Syllabus and SQL vs SQL * plus
Created by Dr. H. Pruthviraj
2. UNIT-1
SQL Vs SQL * Plus : SQL Commands and Data types,
Operators and Expressions,
Introduction to SQL * Plus.
Managing Tables and Data :
Creating and Altering Tables ( Including constraints),
Data Manipulation Command like Insert, Update etc.
SELECT statement with WHERE, GROUP BY and HAVING,
ORDER BY, DISTINCT.
Special operator like IN, ANY, ALL, BETWEEN, EXISTS, LIKE
and JOIN.
Built in functions and
Other Database Objects, View, Synonyms, Index.
3. UNIT-2
Transaction Control Statements
Commit, Rollback, Savepoint.
Introduction to PL/SQL and SQL v/s PL/SQL.
PL/SQL Block Structure.
Language construct of PL/SQL.
(Variables, Basic Data types and Composite Data types,
Conditions and lopping etc.)
TYPE and ROWTYPE.
Using Cursor ( Implicit, Explicit)
4. Blue Print for SEC Skill Enhancement Course Paper Setting
• Scheme of evaluation as follows:
UNIT 2 Marks Questions 5 Marks Questions 10 Marks Questions
I 2 1 2
II 3 2 1
SEC Question paper contains 3 sections:
Section A:
5 Questions of 2 marks, Answer all questions 05 x 02 = 10 Marks
Section B:
3 Questions of 5 marks, Answer any 2 questions 02 x 05 = 10 Marks
Section C:
3 Questions of 10 marks, Answer any 2 questions 02 x 10 = 20 Marks
Total = 40 Marks
Writing Practical Internal Exam 10 Marks.
Total = 50 Marks
5. SQL
• SQL stands for structural query language.
• SQL is query language which is used for communication with oracle
server to access and modify data.
• IBM is invented SQL Language.
• It has been adopted by ISO (International Standard Organization) and
ANSI(American National Standard Institute).
• SQL is used to ask queries for the table.
• It involves DML, DDL, DCL commands to solve the SQL queries.
• SQL is always executed on database server.
• SQL uses RDBMS like MySQL Database, Oracle, MS SQL server,
Sybase, etc.
6. SQL * Plus
SQL*Plus is an interactive program that allows you to type in
and execute SQL statements.
It also enables you to type in PL/SQL code and send it to the
server to be executed.
SQL* Plus is one of the most common front end used to develop
and create stored PL/SQL functions and procedures.
SQL* Plus is a command line tool. It does not involve DDL,
DML, DCL like SQL.
7. If you are in windows environment and your database server is
somewhere on the network, so the following things happen:
SQL* plus transfers your sql query over the network on the database
server.
SQL* Plus waits for the reply from the database server.
The database server execute the query and transmit result to the SQL
* plus.
Then SQL * Plus display the query result on computer screen.
If you are not running in a networked windows environment, the
same thing happens. The only difference might be that the database
server and SQL * Plus is running on same physical machine.
8. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SQL & SQL * PLUS
SQL SQL * plus
SQL is a language. SQL*Plus is a tool.
SQL is a query language used for the
communication with Oracle server to
access and modify the data.
SQL* Plus is a command line tool with which
you can send SQL queries to the server. Also, it
can help you format the query result.
SQL is invented by IBM.
SQL * Plus is a tool to use SQL language for
a database from Oracle corporation.
SQL can be simply used to ask queries,
i.e. it involves DML, DDL and DCL.
SQL * Plus is command line tool which
doesn’t involve DML, DDL and DCL.
In SQL, there is no continuation
character..
In SQL*Plus there is a continuation
character.
Keywords cannot be abbreviated in
SQL. Keywords can be abbreviated in SQL*Plus.
SQL uses functions to manipulate the
data.
SQL* plus uses commands to manipulate the
data.
9. Reference :
1. Baron Schwartz, High Performance MySQL, O’Reilly,2012.
2. Vikram Vaswani, The Complete Reference MySQL, McGraw Hill
Educations.
Thank You