Nanotechnology and computer science
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Nanotechnology involves engineering functional systems at the molecular scale using techniques and tools to construct items from the bottom up. It uses nanofabrication to manipulate and integrate atoms and is of interest to computer engineers as it enables super-high density microprocessors and memory chips. There are two approaches - top-down uses larger tools like lithography to create smaller devices, while bottom-up relies on molecular recognition and self-assembly of smaller building blocks. Current applications include using carbon nanotubes as transistors for faster and more efficient computers, as well as research into quantum computing using qubits to store and transmit data exponentially faster than silicon.
Nanotechnology and computer science
- 1. National Institute Of Technology, Srinagar Class Name TEACHER:DR.M.A.SHAH ENROLLMENT NO.-2017BCSE017 ROLL NO 119 SECTION:B Nanotechnology and Computer science
- 2. Tab1 Report Notebook IN THIS SECTION: Introduction Technology and techniques Current scenarios of nanotechnology and computer science Conclusion Query PHYSICS DEPARTMENT
- 3. Tab2 INTRODUCTION Nanotechnology is the technology based on tiny things mostly comprising of nanostructures, atoms and molecules. Its scale of measurement is nanometer scale, which is one billionth of a meter which is smaller than wavelength of visible light or hundred thousand width of a human hair. It is the engineering of functional system at molecular scale. In its original sense, 'nanotechnology' refers to the projected ability to construct items from the bottom up, using techniques and tools being developed today to make complete, high performance products. The idea of nanotechnology was first proposed by a physicist named Richard Feynman in 1959. Report Notebook PHYSICS DEPARTMENT
- 4. Tab3 Report Notebook Nanotechnology uses the technique of Nanofabrication which helps to manipulate and integrate at atomic level and is particularly interest for computer engineer because it opens the door to super-high-density microprocessors and memory chips. It is the design and manufacture of devices with dimensions measured in nanometers. One can broadly divide various nanofabrication techniques into two categories: TOP-DOWN APPROACH: Top down approach seeks to create smaller devices by using larger ones to direct their assembly. The top down approach often uses the traditional micro fabrication methods in which externally controlled tools are used to cut, mill and shape materials into the desired shape and order .The most common top down fabrication technique is nano lithography. In this process required material is protected by a mask and the exposed material is etched away. Depending upon the level of resolution required for features in the final product etching of the base material can be done chemically using acids or mechanically using ultra violet light, x-rays or electron beams. This is the technique applied to manufacture computer chips. PHYSICS DEPARTMENT
- 5. Tab4 Report Notebook BOTTOM-UP APPROACH: It relies on molecular recognition and self- assembly to fabricate nanostructures out of smaller building blocks (molecules, colloids, and clusters). It has a more chemical engineering and material science flavor and relies on fundamentally different principles. A good example of this kind of approach is found in nature; all cells use enzymes to produce DNA by taking the component molecules and binding them together to make the final structure. Chemical synthesis, self-assembly, and molecular fabrication are all examples of bottom-up techniques DEPARTMENT NAME
- 6. Current Scenarios of Nanotechnology and Computer Science The impact of nanotechnology on computers has a few unique twists; which are mainly in the research and development phases. Here are examples of how nanotechnology has changed computer and its various aspect: Carbon Nanotube Computer: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are hollow cylinders composed of a single sheet of carbon atoms. It has been observed that CNT has same property as Silicon transistor and thus they act as semiconductor which makes them suitable for being used as transistor in computer chips. A team of Stanford engineers has built a basic computer using carbon nanotubes, which has the potential to make a new generation of electronic devices that run faster, and makes use of less energy, as compared with silicon chips. This nanotube processor is made up of 178 transistors, each of which contains carbon nanotubes that are about 10 to 200 nanometer long. It has been reported by the they have made six versions of carbon nanotube computers, out of which one them can be connected to external hardware, and a numerical keypad that can be used to input numbers for addition. Quantum Computing: Quantum computing may well be the future of most high-end data centers. These future computers are not based upon digital 1’s and 0’s. Instead these future computers are based upon qubits (quantum bits). The power of magnetic forces at a subatomic scale will unleash the exponential power of future computers. By manipulating the rotation of atoms, data can be transmitted and stored at an
- 7. unprecedented rate. Physicists have found a way to extend the quantum lifetime of electrons by more than 5,000 per cent. Electrons exhibit a property called 'spin' and work like tiny magnets which can point up, down or a quantum superposition of both. The state of the spin can be used to store information and so by extending their life the research provides a significant step. Tab5 DEPARTMENT NAME CONCLUSION: • Nanotechnology will be able to improve scientific exploration by far simply because nanites are so small. The current trends and the future development will lead to huge contribution in the field of computer science. Today nanotechnology being in the fourth generation of evolution is likely to show outstanding innovations in near future. This will increase the quality of life in our society QUERY: 1.Without seeing with the naked eye how can we make use of nanomaterials for manufacturing purposes? 2.Is it possible to make use of nanomaterials in cancer treatment? Are they carcinogenic? 3.What is the use of nanomaterials in Artificial Intelligence(AI).