This document discusses methods for evaluating language models, including intrinsic and extrinsic evaluation. Intrinsic evaluation involves measuring a model's performance on a test set using metrics like perplexity, which is based on how well the model predicts the test set. Extrinsic evaluation embeds the model in an application and measures the application's performance. The document also covers techniques for dealing with unknown words like replacing low-frequency words with <UNK> and estimating its probability from training data.
This is presentation slides of the paper "Attentional Parallel RNNs for Generating Punctuation in Transcribed Speech" in 5th International Conference on Statistical Language and Speech Processing (SLSP 2017)
Abstract
Until very recently, the generation of punctuation marks for automatic speech recognition (ASR) output has been mostly done by looking at the syntactic structure of the recognized utterances. Prosodic cues such as breaks, speech rate, pitch intonation that influence placing of punctuation marks on speech transcripts have been seldom used. We propose a method that uses recurrent neural networks, taking prosodic and lexical information into account in order to predict punctuation marks for raw ASR output. Our experiments show that an attention mechanism over parallel sequences of prosodic cues aligned with transcribed speech improves accuracy of punctuation generation.
The Evolution of Speech Segmentation: A Computer SimulationRichard Littauer
The document summarizes a computational simulation of how speech segmentation may evolve over generations through an iterated learning model. The simulation tested four segmentation strategies - word recognition, word frequency, syllable transition counting, and syllable transition probability. Results found that syllable transition counting performed the best, getting more accurate across generations, while word frequency also did quite well. Controls revealed that transitional processes best modeled real language development compared to strategies relying on word recognition or frequency alone.
This document discusses the use of statistics and probabilities in corpus linguistics. It explains that statistics can provide useful tools for linguists to better understand languages. Probabilities in particular can be used to estimate word frequencies and develop probabilistic models of spelling. The document also discusses best practices for annotating corpora, including annotating with sufficient data to achieve statistical significance and avoiding errors like testing machine learning models on the same data they were trained on.
Module 8: Natural language processing Pt 1Sara Hooker
Delta Analytics is a 501(c)3 non-profit in the Bay Area. We believe that data is powerful, and that anybody should be able to harness it for change. Our teaching fellows partner with schools and organizations worldwide to work with students excited about the power of data to do good.
Welcome to the course! These modules will teach you the fundamental building blocks and the theory necessary to be a responsible machine learning practitioner in your own community. Each module focuses on accessible examples designed to teach you about good practices and the powerful (yet surprisingly simple) algorithms we use to model data.
To learn more about our mission or provide feedback, take a look at www.deltanalytics.org. If you would like to use this material to further our mission of improving access to machine learning. Education please reach out to [email protected] .
one complete report from all the 4 labs.pdfstudy help
The document provides instructions for compiling a complete lab report from four biology labs on genomic databases, primer design, PCR, and molecular cloning. It outlines the necessary sections for the report, including an introduction describing the overall question and background, materials and methods, results with data and figures, and a discussion/conclusion section. It also provides additional details on designing a transgene reporter gene based on knowledge gained from the lab exercises, including defining a transgene, necessary gene elements, and ideas for using the transgene.
one complete report from all the 4 labs.pdfstudy help
The document provides instructions for compiling a complete lab report from four biology labs on genomic databases, primer design, PCR, and molecular cloning. It outlines the required sections of the report, including an introduction, materials and methods, results with data, and a discussion/conclusion section. It also provides discussion questions on building a reporter gene or transgene, defining key terms and outlining the necessary gene elements and ideas for using the transgene. The report should integrate results and instructions from all four labs.
Lecture 9 slides: Machine learning for Protein Structure ...butest
This document introduces machine learning approaches for protein structure prediction. It discusses using machine learning to predict a protein's structure given its sequence by looking at regions of the protein and learning to classify them. Two main questions are addressed: how to describe protein structures and how to train predictors on examples. Common machine learning techniques for this problem include decision trees, neural networks, and logic programs. The importance of testing predictors on unseen data to avoid overfitting is also covered.
This presentation talks about Natural Language Processing using Java. At Museaic, a music intelligence platform, we spent time figuring out how to extract central themes from song lyrics. In this talk, I will cover some of the tasks involved in natural language processing such as named entity recognition, word sense disambiguation and concept/theme extraction. I will also cover libraries available in java such as stanford-nlp, dbpedia-spotlight and graph approaches using WordNet and semantic databases. This talk would help people understand text processing beyond simple keyword approaches and provide them with some of the best techniques/libraries for it in the Java world.
Yelp challenge reviews_sentiment_classificationChengeng Ma
Using LIBLinear to train SVM on 2015 Yelp Challenge Dataset (~1.5GB) to predict the sentiment of reviewers (above 95% accuracy on validation and testing). And the SVM output weights are used to find 100 most positive and negative words, which are quite consistent with our experience.
This document discusses named entity recognition (NER) as a case study for natural language processing (NLP) tasks. It outlines the general methodology for solving NLP problems, including formalizing insights, studying algorithms mathematically, developing and implementing algorithms, and testing on real data. For NER, this involves collecting annotated training data, designing informative features from the text, and using these features to train a model like conditional random fields to label named entities. Evaluation, improving features and models, exploiting unlabeled data, and addressing domain transfer are also discussed.
Explore the power of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Data Science in uncovering valuable insights from Flipkart product reviews. This presentation delves into the methodology, tools, and techniques used to analyze customer sentiments, identify trends, and extract actionable intelligence from a vast sea of textual data. From understanding customer preferences to improving product offerings, discover how NLP Data Science is revolutionizing the way businesses leverage consumer feedback on Flipkart. Visit: https://bostoninstituteofanalytics.org/data-science-and-artificial-intelligence/
One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests allow you to determine if one given factor, such as drug treatment,
has a significant effect on gene expression behavior across any of the groups under study. A significant p-value
resulting from a 1-way ANOVA test would indicate that a gene is differentially expressed in at least one of the
groups analyzed. If there are more than two groups being analyzed, however, the 1-way ANOVA does not
specifically indicate which pair of groups exhibits statistical differences. Post Hoc tests can be applied in this
specific situation to determine which specific pair/pairs are differentially expressed. This document will provide
the necessary information for you to perform these analyses within GeneSpring.
This document provides instructions for a machine learning lab assignment. Students are asked to use the Weka machine learning tool to classify RNA-binding proteins using various algorithms, including Naive Bayes, J48 decision tree, SVM with linear and RBF kernels. Performance is measured using 5-fold cross-validation on the training set and classification of a separate test protein. Results for accuracy and other metrics are recorded in tables.
The document provides instructions for a machine learning lab experiment using the Weka machine learning software. Students are asked to run several classifiers on a dataset containing RNA-binding protein sequences to predict whether amino acids bind to RNA or not. Classifiers include Naive Bayes, J48 decision tree, support vector machine (SVM) with linear and RBF kernels. Students record performance metrics from 5-fold cross validation and testing on a separate protein sequence, and analyze which classifier worked best.
Problem-based Learning & Resource-based Learning two complementary approac...Wilco te Winkel
This document discusses problem-based learning (PBL) and resource-based learning (RBL) as complementary approaches to instructional design. It outlines challenges students face with unguided self-study in PBL, such as getting lost or frustrated when searching for information. The document proposes using cognitive models of the information seeking process and instructional scaffolding techniques to better support students during the independent literature search phase of PBL. An assignment is given to design a support mechanism for students' self-directed information seeking that addresses these issues without compromising self-direction.
The document provides tips for effective searching on Google for life science researchers. It discusses strategies for constructing targeted searches, such as using quotation marks for phrase searching, Boolean operators like OR to broaden searches, and parentheses to group concepts. It also recommends limiting searches by site or file type. Additional tools are presented for discovering related terms to improve search results.
The document outlines a 10 step program for effectively using PowerPoint presentations. The steps include having compelling material, keeping the presentation simple with minimal slides and text, timing remarks, using appropriate fonts and backgrounds, importing images and graphics, distributing handouts, and ruthlessly editing the presentation before presenting. The overall message is to make PowerPoint enhance the presentation without overshadowing the speaker or content.
1. The document discusses an introduction to natural language processing (NLP) including definitions of key NLP concepts and techniques.
2. It provides examples of common NLP tasks like sentiment analysis, entity recognition, and gender prediction and shows code for performing these tasks.
3. The document concludes with an overview of the Google Cloud Natural Language API for applying NLP techniques through a REST API.
The document provides an overview of key considerations for developing a reading test, including:
1. Defining the constructs being assessed and their purpose, as well as test taker characteristics and how results will be interpreted.
2. Specifying the overall test structure and individual task formats, number of tasks, and scoring methods.
3. Guidelines for writing test items including text selection, item types, language use, and common errors to avoid in multiple choice questions.
Effective Use of Surveys in UX | Triangle UXPA WorkshopAmanda Stockwell
On a scale of 1-10, how much do you love this workshop?
Ok, hopefully that is an obviously bad question, both because it hasn't happened yet and because it has some bias baked right in. But take a quick look around all the surveys floating out in the world, and they often don't seem much better. Surveys can be a powerful tool for a UX researcher, but many of us haven't learned how to get the most out of them. In this workshop we'll cover:
Best use cases for surveys (and when to avoid them)
An overview of question types
Guidelines for writing effective, unbiased survey questions
Tips to increase overall engagement and participation
Hands on practice crafting surveys
Basic survey analysis
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Making Machine Learning Work in Practice - StampedeCon 2014StampedeCon
At StampedeCon 2014, Kilian Q. Weinberger (Washington University) presented "Making Machine Learning work in Practice."
Here, Kilian will go over common pitfalls and tricks on how to make machine learning work.
ChatGPT is a variant of GPT-3 that can be used for various educational purposes such as language learning, creative writing, researching concepts, getting help with programming and group projects. However, it also has limitations such as potential for plagiarism, reflecting biases in its training data, and providing inaccurate information. The document recommends fact checking information from ChatGPT and using it alongside other tools.
This document describes a collaborative testing presentation titled "Collaborative Testing: Catastic Version" which warns that it contains many cat-related jokes and images that some may find silly or excessive. It provides an agenda for the presentation covering introduction, coordination of collaborative testing, reasons for collaboration, what success looks like, and "cat collaboration". The document gives examples of current testing practices and their limitations. It proposes several ways teams can collaborate on testing, such as pairing testers, planning bug hunts, and testing end-to-end workflows using real user data. The presentation advocates making testing fun through activities like contests and team building. It acknowledges that not all individuals or teams will collaborate in the same way and that herding
This document discusses language models and their use in natural language processing (NLP) tasks. It begins by explaining what language models are and how they work, analyzing patterns in language to predict future words. It then provides examples of how language models are used for tasks like speech recognition, machine translation, sentiment analysis, and text suggestions. The document also discusses challenges in modeling natural language compared to formal languages, and describes different types of statistical and neural network language models.
Grammarly AI-NLP Club #4 - Understanding and assessing language with neural n...Grammarly
Speaker: Marek Rei, Senior Research Associate, University of Cambridge
Summary: The number of people learning English around the world is currently estimated at 1.5 billion and is predicted to exceed 1.9 billion by 2020. The increasing need to communicate beyond borders has created a large unmet demand for qualified language teachers across the globe. Computational models for error detection and essay scoring can alleviate this issue by giving millions of people access to affordable learning resources. Successful systems for automated language teaching will need to analyse language at various levels of granularity and provide useful feedback to individual students.In this talk, we will explore some of the latest approaches to written language assessment, using neural architectures for composing the meaning of a sentence or text, and also discuss potential future directions in the field.
This document summarizes a keynote presentation about challenges in bioinformatics software development and proposed solutions. Some of the key points made include: 1) bioinformatics software development involves multiple disciplines including computer science, software engineering, statistics, and biology, each with different priorities; 2) there is a massive proliferation of bioinformatics software packages that leads to many difficult choices for researchers; 3) proposed solutions include developing software in a more modular and automated way, using common benchmarks and protocols to evaluate tools, and focusing on reproducibility and usability.
This document provides an overview of deep learning and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). It discusses topics like artificial neural networks, CNN architecture including convolution, ReLU, pooling and fully connected layers. It also explains how CNNs work by scanning images through these layers and detecting patterns. Code examples in Python are given to demonstrate preprocessing data, building a CNN model, training it and making predictions. Key concepts like softmax and cross-entropy functions used for classification are also overviewed.
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This presentation talks about Natural Language Processing using Java. At Museaic, a music intelligence platform, we spent time figuring out how to extract central themes from song lyrics. In this talk, I will cover some of the tasks involved in natural language processing such as named entity recognition, word sense disambiguation and concept/theme extraction. I will also cover libraries available in java such as stanford-nlp, dbpedia-spotlight and graph approaches using WordNet and semantic databases. This talk would help people understand text processing beyond simple keyword approaches and provide them with some of the best techniques/libraries for it in the Java world.
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One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests allow you to determine if one given factor, such as drug treatment,
has a significant effect on gene expression behavior across any of the groups under study. A significant p-value
resulting from a 1-way ANOVA test would indicate that a gene is differentially expressed in at least one of the
groups analyzed. If there are more than two groups being analyzed, however, the 1-way ANOVA does not
specifically indicate which pair of groups exhibits statistical differences. Post Hoc tests can be applied in this
specific situation to determine which specific pair/pairs are differentially expressed. This document will provide
the necessary information for you to perform these analyses within GeneSpring.
This document provides instructions for a machine learning lab assignment. Students are asked to use the Weka machine learning tool to classify RNA-binding proteins using various algorithms, including Naive Bayes, J48 decision tree, SVM with linear and RBF kernels. Performance is measured using 5-fold cross-validation on the training set and classification of a separate test protein. Results for accuracy and other metrics are recorded in tables.
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Problem-based Learning & Resource-based Learning two complementary approac...Wilco te Winkel
This document discusses problem-based learning (PBL) and resource-based learning (RBL) as complementary approaches to instructional design. It outlines challenges students face with unguided self-study in PBL, such as getting lost or frustrated when searching for information. The document proposes using cognitive models of the information seeking process and instructional scaffolding techniques to better support students during the independent literature search phase of PBL. An assignment is given to design a support mechanism for students' self-directed information seeking that addresses these issues without compromising self-direction.
The document provides tips for effective searching on Google for life science researchers. It discusses strategies for constructing targeted searches, such as using quotation marks for phrase searching, Boolean operators like OR to broaden searches, and parentheses to group concepts. It also recommends limiting searches by site or file type. Additional tools are presented for discovering related terms to improve search results.
The document outlines a 10 step program for effectively using PowerPoint presentations. The steps include having compelling material, keeping the presentation simple with minimal slides and text, timing remarks, using appropriate fonts and backgrounds, importing images and graphics, distributing handouts, and ruthlessly editing the presentation before presenting. The overall message is to make PowerPoint enhance the presentation without overshadowing the speaker or content.
1. The document discusses an introduction to natural language processing (NLP) including definitions of key NLP concepts and techniques.
2. It provides examples of common NLP tasks like sentiment analysis, entity recognition, and gender prediction and shows code for performing these tasks.
3. The document concludes with an overview of the Google Cloud Natural Language API for applying NLP techniques through a REST API.
The document provides an overview of key considerations for developing a reading test, including:
1. Defining the constructs being assessed and their purpose, as well as test taker characteristics and how results will be interpreted.
2. Specifying the overall test structure and individual task formats, number of tasks, and scoring methods.
3. Guidelines for writing test items including text selection, item types, language use, and common errors to avoid in multiple choice questions.
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On a scale of 1-10, how much do you love this workshop?
Ok, hopefully that is an obviously bad question, both because it hasn't happened yet and because it has some bias baked right in. But take a quick look around all the surveys floating out in the world, and they often don't seem much better. Surveys can be a powerful tool for a UX researcher, but many of us haven't learned how to get the most out of them. In this workshop we'll cover:
Best use cases for surveys (and when to avoid them)
An overview of question types
Guidelines for writing effective, unbiased survey questions
Tips to increase overall engagement and participation
Hands on practice crafting surveys
Basic survey analysis
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
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ChatGPT is a variant of GPT-3 that can be used for various educational purposes such as language learning, creative writing, researching concepts, getting help with programming and group projects. However, it also has limitations such as potential for plagiarism, reflecting biases in its training data, and providing inaccurate information. The document recommends fact checking information from ChatGPT and using it alongside other tools.
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Grammarly AI-NLP Club #4 - Understanding and assessing language with neural n...Grammarly
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This document summarizes a keynote presentation about challenges in bioinformatics software development and proposed solutions. Some of the key points made include: 1) bioinformatics software development involves multiple disciplines including computer science, software engineering, statistics, and biology, each with different priorities; 2) there is a massive proliferation of bioinformatics software packages that leads to many difficult choices for researchers; 3) proposed solutions include developing software in a more modular and automated way, using common benchmarks and protocols to evaluate tools, and focusing on reproducibility and usability.
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With fierce competition in today’s job market, candidates need a lot more than a good CV and interview skills to stand out from the crowd.
Based on her own experience of progressing to a senior project role and leading a team of 35 project professionals, Sacha shared not just how to land that dream role, but how to be successful in it and most importantly, how to enjoy it!
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We also celebrated our Midlands Regional Network Awards 2025, and presenting the award for Midlands Student of the Year 2025.
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Introduction
All the materials around us are made up of elements. These elements can be broadly divided into two major groups:
Metals
Non-Metals
Each group has its own unique physical and chemical properties. Let's understand them one by one.
Physical Properties
1. Appearance
Metals: Shiny (lustrous). Example: gold, silver, copper.
Non-metals: Dull appearance (except iodine, which is shiny).
2. Hardness
Metals: Generally hard. Example: iron.
Non-metals: Usually soft (except diamond, a form of carbon, which is very hard).
3. State
Metals: Mostly solids at room temperature (except mercury, which is a liquid).
Non-metals: Can be solids, liquids, or gases. Example: oxygen (gas), bromine (liquid), sulphur (solid).
4. Malleability
Metals: Can be hammered into thin sheets (malleable).
Non-metals: Not malleable. They break when hammered (brittle).
5. Ductility
Metals: Can be drawn into wires (ductile).
Non-metals: Not ductile.
6. Conductivity
Metals: Good conductors of heat and electricity.
Non-metals: Poor conductors (except graphite, which is a good conductor).
7. Sonorous Nature
Metals: Produce a ringing sound when struck.
Non-metals: Do not produce sound.
Chemical Properties
1. Reaction with Oxygen
Metals react with oxygen to form metal oxides.
These metal oxides are usually basic.
Non-metals react with oxygen to form non-metallic oxides.
These oxides are usually acidic.
2. Reaction with Water
Metals:
Some react vigorously (e.g., sodium).
Some react slowly (e.g., iron).
Some do not react at all (e.g., gold, silver).
Non-metals: Generally do not react with water.
3. Reaction with Acids
Metals react with acids to produce salt and hydrogen gas.
Non-metals: Do not react with acids.
4. Reaction with Bases
Some non-metals react with bases to form salts, but this is rare.
Metals generally do not react with bases directly (except amphoteric metals like aluminum and zinc).
Displacement Reaction
More reactive metals can displace less reactive metals from their salt solutions.
Uses of Metals
Iron: Making machines, tools, and buildings.
Aluminum: Used in aircraft, utensils.
Copper: Electrical wires.
Gold and Silver: Jewelry.
Zinc: Coating iron to prevent rusting (galvanization).
Uses of Non-Metals
Oxygen: Breathing.
Nitrogen: Fertilizers.
Chlorine: Water purification.
Carbon: Fuel (coal), steel-making (coke).
Iodine: Medicines.
Alloys
An alloy is a mixture of metals or a metal with a non-metal.
Alloys have improved properties like strength, resistance to rusting.
How to Add Customer Note in Odoo 18 POS - Odoo SlidesCeline George
In this slide, we’ll discuss on how to add customer note in Odoo 18 POS module. Customer Notes in Odoo 18 POS allow you to add specific instructions or information related to individual order lines or the entire order.
pulse ppt.pptx Types of pulse , characteristics of pulse , Alteration of pulsesushreesangita003
what is pulse ?
Purpose
physiology and Regulation of pulse
Characteristics of pulse
factors affecting pulse
Sites of pulse
Alteration of pulse
for BSC Nursing 1st semester
for Gnm Nursing 1st year
Students .
vitalsign
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<<I am Adult EDU Vocational, Ordained, Certified and Experienced. Course genres are personal development for holistic health, healing, and self care. I am also skilled in Health Sciences. However; I am not coaching at this time.>>
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Understanding Vibrations
If not experienced, it may seem weird understanding vibes? We start small and by accident. Usually, we learn about vibrations within social. Examples are: That bad vibe you felt. Also, that good feeling you had. These are common situations we often have naturally. We chit chat about it then let it go. However; those are called vibes using your instincts. Then, your senses are called your intuition. We all can develop the gift of intuition and using energy awareness.
Energy Healing
First, Energy healing is universal. This is also true for Reiki as an art and rehab resource. Within the Health Sciences, Rehab has changed dramatically. The term is now very flexible.
Reiki alone, expanded tremendously during the past 3 years. Distant healing is almost more popular than one-on-one sessions? It’s not a replacement by all means. However, its now easier access online vs local sessions. This does break limit barriers providing instant comfort.
Practice Poses
You can stand within mountain pose Tadasana to get started.
Also, you can start within a lotus Sitting Position to begin a session.
There’s no wrong or right way. Maybe if you are rushing, that’s incorrect lol. The key is being comfortable, calm, at peace. This begins any session.
Also using props like candles, incenses, even going outdoors for fresh air.
(See Presentation for all sections, THX)
Clearing Karma, Letting go.
Now, that you understand more about energies, vibrations, the practice fusions, let’s go deeper. I wanted to make sure you all were comfortable. These sessions are for all levels from beginner to review.
Again See the presentation slides, Thx.
How to Create Kanban View in Odoo 18 - Odoo SlidesCeline George
The Kanban view in Odoo is a visual interface that organizes records into cards across columns, representing different stages of a process. It is used to manage tasks, workflows, or any categorized data, allowing users to easily track progress by moving cards between stages.
What is the Philosophy of Statistics? (and how I was drawn to it)jemille6
What is the Philosophy of Statistics? (and how I was drawn to it)
Deborah G Mayo
At Dept of Philosophy, Virginia Tech
April 30, 2025
ABSTRACT: I give an introductory discussion of two key philosophical controversies in statistics in relation to today’s "replication crisis" in science: the role of probability, and the nature of evidence, in error-prone inference. I begin with a simple principle: We don’t have evidence for a claim C if little, if anything, has been done that would have found C false (or specifically flawed), even if it is. Along the way, I’ll sprinkle in some autobiographical reflections.
Lecture 1 Introduction history and institutes of entomology_1.pptxArshad Shaikh
*Entomology* is the scientific study of insects, including their behavior, ecology, evolution, classification, and management.
Entomology continues to evolve, incorporating new technologies and approaches to understand and manage insect populations.
What makes space feel generous, and how architecture address this generosity in terms of atmosphere, metrics, and the implications of its scale? This edition of #Untagged explores these and other questions in its presentation of the 2024 edition of the Master in Collective Housing. The Master of Architecture in Collective Housing, MCH, is a postgraduate full-time international professional program of advanced architecture design in collective housing presented by Universidad Politécnica of Madrid (UPM) and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH).
Yearbook MCH 2024. Master in Advanced Studies in Collective Housing UPM - ETH
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4. Classical Vs Deep Learning Models
1. If – Else Rules (Chatbot)
2. Audio Frequency Components Analysis (Speech Recognition)
3. Bag-of-Words Model (Classification)
4. CNN for Text Recognition (Classification)
5. Sequence to Sequence (Many Applications)
14. Natural Language Processing-steps
1. Importing the Libraries
2. Importing the Dataset
3. Cleaning the Texts
4. Creating the Bag-of-words Model
5. Splitting the Dataset into Training and Test Sets
6. Training the Naïve Bayes Model on the Training Set
7. Predicting the Test Set Result
8. Making the Confusion Matrix.
21. Predicting if a single review is positive or negative
Use the model to predict if the following review:
"I love this restaurant so much“ is positive or negative.
Positive Review
Negative Review
Use the model to predict if the following review:
"I hate this restaurant so much“ is positive or negative.