natural vegetation and wildlife
- 2. RELIEF CLIMATE ECOSYSTEM TYPES OF VEGETATION WILD LIFE MAP SKILLS PHOTO GALLERY
- 3. • Our country India is one of the twelve mega bio diversity countries of the world . • It occupies tenth place in World and fourth in the continent Asia . • In India , there are about 47,000 plant species found in the forests . • There are about 15,000 flowering plants in India which account for 6% of world’s total number of flowering plants . • The country has many non-flowering plants such as ferns, algae and fungi. • India has 89,000 species of animals as well as a rich variety of fish in its fresh and marine waters .
- 4. NATURAL VEGETATION • This term refers to a plant community which has grown naturally without human aid and has been left undisturbed by humans for a long time . • This is termed as a virgin vegetation . FLORA AND FAUNNA • FLORA- It is the term used to denote plants of a particular region or period . • FAUNNA- It is the term used to denote the animal species found in the biosphere.
- 5. Relief means that the factors that are useful for the resistance of the vegetation. It contains factors like land and soil. It affects the natural vegetation directly and indirectly. This differs from place to place and time to time due to different atmosphere. This is a part of the flora kingdom.
- 6. • This contains the places like plateau, mountainous, plain areas, dry regions and wet regions. • The nature of the land influence the type of vegetation. • The fertile level is generally devoted to agriculture. • The undulating and rough terrains are where grassland and woodlands develop and give shelter to wild life. LAND • The soils also vary over space. • Different types of soils provide basis for different types of vegetation. • The sandy soils of the desert support cactus and thorny bushes while wet. • Marshy, deltaic soils support mangroves and deltaic vegetation. • The hill slopes with some depth of soil have conical trees. SOIL FACTORS OF RELIEF
- 7. This means that the atmosphere condition is also necessary for the growth of an vegetation in the world. This also differs from place to place and time to time. The factors include in this are temperature, photoperiod(sunlight), precipitation.
- 8. FACTORS OF CLIMATE The character and extent of vegetation are determined by temperature along with humidity in the air, precipitation and soil. On the slopes of Himalayas and the hills of the peninsula above the height of 915 meters, the fall in the temperature affects the types of vegetation and its growth, and changes it from tropical to subtropical temperate and alpine vegetation. The variation of sunlight at different places is due to differences in latitude, altitude, season, and duration of the day. Due to longer duration of sunlight, trees grow faster in summer. In India almost the entire rainfall is brought in by the advancing southwest monsoon ( June to September ) and retreating northeast monsoons. Areas of heavy rainfall have more dense vegetation as compared to other areas of less rainfall. PPRECIPITIONPHOTOPERIODTEMPERATURE
- 9. A forest is a very complex system, made up of variety of living things. This include wildlife, trees, shrubs, wildflowers, ferns, mosses, fungi and microscopic organisms. A forest is also made up of many non-living things like rocks, water, sunlight and air. Trees are the biggest part of this complex community in which they create a special environment which affects the types of plants animals found there. Forests plays a major role in enhancing the quality of the environment as it is a renewable resource. They modify local climate, control soil erosion, regulate stream flow, support a variety of industries, provide livelihood for many communities and offer panoramic or scenic view for creation. It controls wind force and temperature and causes rainfall. It provides humus to the soil and shelter to the wildlife.
- 10. India’s natural vegetation has undergone many changes due to several factors such as the growing demand for cultivated land, development of industries and mining, urbanisation and over grazing of pastures. The vegetation cover of India in large parts is no more natural in the real sense. Except in some inaccessible regions like Himalayas, the hilly region of central India and the “marusthali”, the vegetation of most of the areas has been modified at some places, or replaced or degraded by human occupancy.
- 11. Plants occur in distinct groups of communities in areas having similar climatic conditions. The nature of the plants in an area, to a large extent, determines the animal life in an area. When the vegetation is altered, the animal life also changes. All the plants and animals in an area are interdependent and interrelated to each other in their physical environment, thus, forming an ecosystem. Human beings are also an integral part of the ecosystem. A large ecosystem is known as biome, which are identified on the basis of plants.
- 13. TROPICAL EVERGREEN FOREST TROPICAL DECIDIOUS FOREST TROPICAL THORN FOREST AND SCRUBS MANGROVE FORESTS MONTANE FOREST
- 18. In this regions with less than 70cm of rainfall, the natural vegetation consists of thorny trees and bushes. This type of vegetation is found in the north-western part of the country including semi-arid areas of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana. Acacias, palms, euphorbias and cacti are the main plant species. Trees are scattered and have long roots penetrating deep into the soil in order to get moisture. The stems are succulent to conserve water. Leaves are mostly thick and small to minimize evaporation. These forests give way to thorn forests and scrubs in arid areas.
- 19. This forest is also known as tropical dry forests. The climatic conditions are very warm, and receive rainfall is very less or it comes in the specific time of the year. These regions have seasonal droughts. These regions average rainfall is sometimes sufficient to promote the growth of the trees, but these trees and plant species must be able to withstand periods of drought too. Many of the tree species in dry forest are deciduous. During the driest months, these will shed their leaves.
- 21. Alpine vegetation Silver Fir 2000 1000 3000 4000 Wet temperate forests (1000 to 2000m) ever green such as oaks and chestnuts are prominent. Temperate forests containing coniferous trees like pine, deodar etc. are found (1500 to 3000m).
- 23. DIFFERENT FOREST
- 24. Map of the world of vegetations
- 26. TROPICAL RAIN FOREST TROPICAL DECIDUOUS FOREST
- 27. THORNY AND SHRUBS MONTANE FOREST