.Net framework
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The document provides an introduction to the Microsoft .NET framework. It discusses that .NET is a development platform and runtime environment that includes a virtual machine, common language runtime, and class libraries. It supports building applications for web, Windows desktop, services and more using languages like C#. The .NET framework provides a consistent programming model, code execution environment, and class libraries to simplify development.
.Net framework
- 1. Introduction to Microsoft .Net Framework Introduction to .Net Platform The Microsoft’s .Net platform encompasses a virtual machine that abstracts away much of the windows API from development. It includes a class library with more functionality than any other created to date, and a development environment that spans multiple languages. I t provides an architecture that makes multiple language integration simple and straightforward. This is the first development platform designed from the ground up with Internet in mind. .Net is designed and intended for highly distributed software, making Internet functionality and interoperability easier and more transparent to include in systems than ever before. Microsoft has taken many of the best ideas from the industry, combined with some ideas of their own, and brought them altogether into one coherent package.
- 2. Features of .Net Platform The .NET Framework is an integral Windows component that supports building and running the next generation of applications and XML Web services. The .NET Framework is designed to fulfill the following objectives: To provide a consistent object-oriented programming environment whether object code is stored and executed locally, executed locally but Internet- distributed, or executed remotely. To provide a code-execution environment that minimizes software deployment and versioning conflicts. To provide a code-execution environment that promotes safe execution of code, including code created by an unknown or semi-trusted third party. To provide a code-execution environment that eliminates the performance problems of scripted or interpreted environments. To make the developer experience consistency across widely varying types of applications, such as Windows-based applications and Web-based applications.
- 3. .NET Framework Class Library The .NET Framework class library is a collection of reusable types that tightly integrate with the common language runtime. The class library is object oriented, providing types from which your own managed code can derive functionality. This not only makes the .NET Framework types easy to use, but also reduces the time associated with learning new features of the .NET Framework. In addition, third- party components can integrate seamlessly with classes in the .NET Framework.
- 4. As you would expect from an object-oriented class library, the .NET Framework types enable you to accomplish a range of common programming tasks, including tasks such as string management, data collection, database connectivity, and file access. In addition to these common tasks, the class library includes types that support a variety of specialized development scenarios. For example, you can use the .NET Framework to develop the following types of applications and services:
- 5. Console applications. Windows GUI applications (Windows Forms). Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) applications. ASP.NET applications. Web services. Windows services. Service-oriented applications using Windows Communication Foundation (WCF). Workflow-enabled applications using Windows Workflow Foundation (WF). For example, the Windows Forms classes are a comprehensive set of reusable types that vastly simplify Windows GUI development.
- 6. Garbage Collection: The .NET Framework's garbage collector manages the allocation and release of memory for your application. Each time you use the new operator to create an object, the runtime allocates memory for the object from the managed heap
- 7. Stack Walk: This concept is helpful to anyone interested in building a profiler to examine managed applications
- 8. Class Loader: Normally, the Java Virtual Machine loads classes from the local file system in a platform- dependent manner. For example, on UNIX systems, the Virtual Machine loads classes from the directory defined by the CLASSPATH environment variable.
- 9. Assemblies Overview Assemblies are a fundamental part of programming with the .NET Framework. An assembly performs the following functions: It contains code that the common language runtime executes. Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) code in a portable executable (PE) file will not be executed if it does not have an associated assembly manifest. Note that each assembly can have only one entry point (that is, DllMain, WinMain, or Main). It forms a security boundary. An assembly is the unit at which permissions are requested and granted. It forms a type boundary. Every type's identity includes the name of the assembly in which it resides. A type called MyType loaded in the scope of one assembly is not the same as a type called MyType loaded in the scope of another assembly.
- 10. Benefits of Assemblies Assemblies are designed to simplify application deployment and to solve versioning problems that can occur with component-based applications. Versioning Problems Currently two versioning problems occur with Win32 applications: 1. Versioning rules cannot be expressed between pieces of an application and enforced by the operating system. 2. There is no way to maintain consistency between sets of components that are built together and the set that is present at run time.
- 11. Introducing C# Programming The C# language (pronounced as “C Sharp” or “see Sharp”) is an Object Oriented Programming Language developed by Microsoft to become a key part of their .Net software development platform. The .NET Framework defines a "Common Language Specification" (CLS), a sort of lingua franca that ensures seamless interoperability between CLS- compliant languages and class libraries. For C# developers, this means that even though C# is a new language, it has complete access to the same rich class libraries that are used by seasoned tools such as Visual Basic .NET and Visual C++ .NET. C# itself does not include a class library. The Cornerstone components of .Net Platform:
- 12. There are four major cornerstone components of .Net platform as follows: 1. .Net Building Block services such as Passport 2. .Net Compact Framework that runs on devices such as mobile phones 3. .Net through XML integration 4. .Net infrastructure such as the .Net framework CLR and .Net framework class libraries and application developments such as Microsoft Visual Studio.Net
- 13. Sample Program: This is just a basic program that illustrates how a C# program looks like. public class Class1 { public static void Main() { System.Console.WriteLine(“ Welcome to C#”); } } Compiling and Executing The minimum requirements for getting started with C# programming are: 1. A text editor (like Windows Notepad) 2. The Microsoft .NET Framework The text editor allows you to type in the C# code that will be compiled.
- 14. The syntax for compiling the sample C# program is: csc.exe <filename>.cs The name of our C# program is hello.cs. The syntax for compilation of the above program file is: csc.exe hello.cs Defining a Class: C# is an object-oriented programming language and uses classes and structs to implement types such as Windows Forms, user interface controls, and data structures. A typical C# application consists of classes defined by the programmer, combined with classes from the .NET Framework.
- 15. Customer obj1 = new Customer(); Classes enable you to develop applications using object- oriented programming (OOP) techniques. Classes are templates that define objects. Declaring Classes: Classes are defined by using the class keyword, as shown in the following example: Public class Custormer{ //Fields,properties,methods and events … } Creating Objects A class defines a type of object, but it is not an object itself. An object is a concrete entity based on a class, and is sometimes referred to as an instance of a class.
- 16. Introducing Data Types: A Type is how a programming language classifies different values and expressions. Since the computer stores all the data internally in the form of zeros and ones, the data needs to have a context or meaning. In order to preserve this meaning, Types are used in a programming language. Since C# is a strongly typed language; every variable and object used as part of the programs must have a declared type. In any programming language, it's critical that the compiler, the part of the Visual Studio framework that interprets the code you write into a language the computer can understand, fully understands the type of data you're manipulating in code. For example, if you ask the compiler to add the following values, it would get confused:
- 17. Overview of C# Data Types : A Data Type can be described as being either: A built-in numeric type, such as an int or char, or A user-defined type, such as a class or interface. An anonymous type, which consists of a set of public properties encapsulated in a nameless reference type. Types can also be defined as being either: Value Types (C# Reference), which store values. These include the primitive numeric types, enums and structs, and also nullable versions of these types. Reference Types (C# Reference), which store references to the actual data. These include classes, interfaces, arrays and delegates.