Network Protocol
Download as PPTX, PDF•3 likes•1,675 views
Networking began in the 1960s when the US Department of Defense developed early computer networks to withstand a nuclear attack. The document then discusses the basics of networking including definitions of networking and common network types. It also explains the OSI model and its seven layers. Finally, it provides examples of DCS networks from Siemens and ABB that incorporate both Ethernet networks and high-speed serial networks to connect control system devices.
Network Protocol
- 2. INDEX Sr No TOPIC A) BASICS OF NETWORKING 1. HOW NETWORKING STARTED 2. WHAT IS NETWORKING 3. TYPES OF NETWORK & DIFFERENT TOPOLOGIES 4. WHAT IS OSI LAYER & ITS FUNCTION 5. IP ADDRESSING B) DCS NETWORKS 1. SIEMENS TELEPREM ME NETWORK
- 3. BASICS OF NETWORKING • Networking began its infancy in mid-1960’s by US Department of Defence(DoD). • The Original Intention of Networking was being Developed to Withstand Nuclear War. • Telephone Networks were Vulnerable and Would Terminate all Conversations when Nuclear War to be Occurred.
- 4. BASICS OF NETWORKING • The OSI Model had seven layers because at the time, IBM had a proprietary Seven Layer Protocol called SNA(System Network Architecture). • At that time IBM dominated the Computer Companies, because OSI was Produced like IBM Reference model. • The OSI Model become the World Standard and was not controlled by one Company, but by a Neutral Organization, ISA (International Standards Association)
- 5. BASICS OF NETWORKING • Networking is the Sharing of the Information and Services. • Computer Networking Provides the Communication Tools to Allow Computers to Share Information and Abilities.
- 6. TYPES OF NETWORKS • LAN- LOCAL AREA NETWORK IS A SMALL GEOGRAPHICAL AREA SUCH AS OUR SCHOOL BOARD. • MAN- METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK IS A NETWORK OVER A LARGER GEOGRAPHICAL AREA SUCH AS A PROVINCAL GOVERNMENT. • WAN- WIDE AREA NETWORK IS A NETWORK USED OVER AN EXTREMELY LARGE GEOGRAPHICAL AREA SUCH AS FEDARAL GOVERNMENT.
- 7. TOPOLOGIES • NETWORKS ARE BROKEN INTO 3 TOPOLOGIES THEY ARE: BUS TOPOLOGY STAR TOPOLOGY RING TOPOLOGY
- 8. TOPOLOGIES BUS TOPOLOGY ALLOWS INFORMATION TO BE DIRECTED FROM ONE COMPUTER TO OTHER VIA LOTS OF BINARY COLLISION.
- 9. • STAR TOPOLOGY IS THE MOST COMMON TYPE USED. ALLCOMPUTERS ARE ATTACHED TO A HUB. LESS COLLISIONS AND MOST EFFICIENT.
- 10. • RING TOPOLOGY USES A TOKEN TO PASS INFORMATION FROM 1 COMPUTER TO THE OTHER A TOKEN IS ATTACHED TO THE MESSAGE BY IDENTITY OF A SENDER TO IDENTIFY WHICH COMPUTER TO RECEIVE A MESSAGE.
- 11. COMMUNICATION CHANNELS • TWISTED SHIELDED PAIR – USED IN PHONE LINES NETWORKS. • UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIR- USED IN PHONE LINES NETWORKS. • COAXIAL CABLE – USED IN CABLEVISION GREAT FOR VIDEO. • FIBER OPTIC CABLES – USES LIGHT TO CARRY SIGNAL BUT HARD O WORK WITH LOSSES SIGNAL OVER DISTANCES LONGER THAN (2 TO 25 KMS)
- 13. LAYERS OF OSI MODEL • LAYER 1 PHYSICAL • LAYER 2 DATA LINK • LAYER 3 NETWORK • LAYER 4 TRANSPORT • LAYER 5 SESSION • LAYER 6 PRESENTATION • LAYER 7 APPLICATION
- 14. THE PHYSICAL LAYER • The physical layer is concerned with transmitting raw bits over a communication channel though hubs, wires, modems, network cards.. Basically anything that is physical to network. • In Networking, Computers are also known as Hosts or Nodes. • When looking at network cables there are 2 types that affect nodes they are 1. Patch Cables 2. Crossover Cables
- 15. THE DATA LINK LAYER • The data link layer takes a raw transmission and transform into a line that appears free of transmission errors in network layer. • The Data Link Layer also is where you find the MAC Address. • You’ll also find smart devices such as switches in Data link Layer • The Digital Information that needs to be sent as E-mail Attachments needs to be Broken into smaller bits called Packets. • These Packets need some Information similar to sending a letter in the mail.
- 16. • There are Number of Packets that Will Each other to the Final Destination.
- 17. NETWORK LAYER • The Network Layer is Concerned with Controlling the Operation of the Subnet. A ROUTER is used to Determine how packets are routed from source to destination. • If one path is busy, then the router will select another path for packets to travel. So really, the Packets can all have different paths and find their way to Final Destination. • The Router has Millions of the IP Address Built Into Software and Knows where to send Packets. • IP stands for the Internet Protocol and is basically an Address that [ackets will be sent to.
- 18. TRANSPORT LAYER • The Transport Layer “DIRECTS PACKETS” splits it up into smaller units if need be, Pass these to network and ensure that the pieces are travelling in an orderly fashion. • A Series of Protocols are also established in this layer to ensure the proper flow of Packets. • You can basically describe the Transport Layer as a “TRAFFIC COP”.
- 19. THE SESSION LAYER • The Session Allows different Machine to Establish session between themselves. • Once communication are established encryption then begins both parties.
- 20. THE PRESENTATION LAYER • The Presentation Layer Job is Managing data structures and converting from representation used inside the computer to network standard representation. • In other terms the Presentation Layer basically takes the Packets and re-assembles them so you can open e-mail or the Attachment. • If any Packets gets Lost along the way, or were damaged then the Presentation Layer will send a sign to sender that it requires the specific packet.
- 21. THE APPLICATION LAYER • The Application Layer contains variety of the Protocols that are commonly required. • Another Application Layer function is file Transfer. • Different file systems have different file naming conventions, different ways of representing text lines and so on. • Transferring File Between two Different Systems requires handling and other Incompatibilities.
- 22. THE APPLICATION LAYER • FTP- File Transfer Protocol FTP provides a standard system for sending and receiving files over IP networks. • HTTP Protocol Web Browsers and servers use the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to Communicate. • Electronic Mail Protocols Several network protocols were developed specifically to support electronic mail over internet. • SO AP – Simple Object Access Protocol The SO AP Defines a Standard Way to Encode Objects within network packets using XML.
- 23. • IPv6 – Internet Protocol version 6 IPv6 promises to relieve the current IP address shortage, and this new version of the protocol may also increase performance and improve administration capabilities. • PPPoE The Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) Standard helps access Providers manage their broadband service delivery and it can also improve the ease of use for DSL and Cable Modem Customers.
- 24. DCS NETWORK • ABB DCS PRESENT LAN CONFIGURATION
- 25. DCS NETWORK • ABB DCS NETWORK CONSISTS OF 2 NETWORKS 1. OPERATION NETWORK(O-NET) RJ48 ETHERNET CAT-5E CABLES ARE USED AND SPEED UP TO 10 Mbps. 2. COMMUNICATION NETWORK (C-NET) IS UNIDIRECTIONAL HIGH SPEED SERIAL DATA NETWORK THAT OPERATES AT 10MHz COMMUNICATION RATE. IT SUPPORTS UP TO 250 NODES. 3. HARMONY NETWORK COMMUNICATION COUPLER(HNCC) – IT SERVES AS GATEWAY BETWEEN O-NET & C-NET.
- 27. SIEMENS DCS NETWORK • CS 275 SYSTEM BUS- It Permits Serial Transmission of data between various participants (OS 220EA & AS 220OEA) connected to it. It works on token passing principle or the flying master function. This flying master principle means that the bus control is distributed.
- 28. THANKS TO ALL OF YOU, AND KEEP SMILING UNTIL WE MEET NEXT TIME & “ALWAYS BE IN GOOD NETWORK”