The document discusses the Norman invasion of England in 1066. It provides background on the key figures involved - King Edward the Confessor of England died in 1066, leaving three claimants to the throne: Harold Godwinson, an Englishman; Harald Hardrada, the King of Norway; and William, Duke of Normandy in France. It describes how William defeated King Harold at the Battle of Hastings, establishing Norman rule over England and ushering in major political, social, and language changes.