Nursing as a profession

Introduction
A profession is defined as
an occupation with
ethical components, that
is devoted to the
promotion of human an
social welfare.

Definition
A profession is a form of employment
especially one that is respected in
society as honourable and is
possible only for an educated
person and after training in some
special branch of knowledge.

A professional Nurse
It is a graduate of an recognized
nursing school who has met the
requirement for a registered
nursing in a state in which she is
licensed to practice.

Characteristics of a
professional Nurse
 Honesty and loyalty
 Discipline and obedience
 Alertness and intelligent
observation
 Technical competence
 Adjustability
 Ability to inspire confidence
 Resourcefulness

Cont…..
 Dignity
 Sympathy
 Intelligence and common sense
 Patience and sense of humour
 Good physical and mental health
 Gentleness and quietness

Philosophy
Philosophy of nursing education
provides directive knowledge and
guiding principles which unify and
serve as criteria for evaluation of
aims and processes.

Aim
The aim of the undergraduate
nursing program is to:
 Prepare graduates to assume
responsibilities as professional,
competent nurses and midwives in
providing promotive, preventive,
curative and rehabilitative services

Prepare nurses who can make
independent decisions in nursing
situations, protect the rights and
facilitate individuals and groups in
pursuit of health, function in the
hospital, community nursing
services and conduct research
studies in the areas of nursing
practice. They also expected to
assume the role of teacher,
supervisor and manger in a
clinical / public health setting.

Objectives
 Apply knowledge from physical, biological
and behavioral sciences, medicine including
alternative systems and providing nursing
care to Individuals, families and
communities
 Demonstrate understanding of life style and
other factors, which affect health of
individuals and groups
 Provide nursing care based on steps of
nursing process in collaboration with the
individuals and groups

 Demonstrate critical thinking skill in making
decisions in all situation in order to provide
quality care
 Utilize the latest trends and technology in
providing health care
 Provide promotive, preventive and
restorative health services in line with the
national health policies and programmes
 Practice within the framework of code of
ethics and professional conduct and
acceptable standards of practice within the
legal boundaries

 Communicate effectively with
individual and groups and members
of the health team in order to
promote effective interpersonal
relationship and team work
 Demonstrate skill in teaching to
individuals and groups in clinical /
community health settings
 Participate effectively as members
of the health team in health care
delivery system

 Demonstrate leadership and
managerial skills in clinical /
community health settings
 Conduct need based research
studies in various settings and
utilize the research findings to
improve the quality of care
 Demonstrate awareness, inters and
contribute towards advancement of
self and of the profession
REGULATIONS.

Functions INC
 To establish and monitor a uniform
standard of nursing education for
nurses midwife, Auxiliary Nurse-
Midwives and health visitors by doing
inspection of the institutions.

 To recognize the qualifications under
section 10(2)(4) of the Indian Nursing
Council Act, 1947 for the purpose of
registration and employment in India and
abroad.
 To give approval for registration of Indian
and Foreign Nurses possessing foreign
qualification under section 11(2)(a) of the
Indian Nursing Council Act, 1947.
 To prescribe minimum standards of
education and training in various nursing
programmes and prescribe the syllabus &
regulations for Nursing programms.

 Power to withdraw the recognition of
qualification under section 14 of the Act in
case the institution fails to maintain its
standards under Section 14 (1)(b) that an
institution recognised by a State Council
for the training of nurses, midwives,
Auxiliary Nurse Midwives or health visitors
does not satisfy the requirements of the
Council.
 To advise the State Nursing Councils,
Examining Boards, State Governments and
Central Government in various important
items regarding Nursing Education in the
Country.

 To regulate the training policies and programmes
in the field of Nursing.
 To recognise
Institutions/Organisations/Universities imparting
Master’s Degree/ Bachelor’s Degree/P.G. Diploma/
Diploma/Certificate Courses in the field of Nursing.
 To Recognise Degree/Diploma/Certificate awarded
by Foreign Universities/ Institutions on reciprocal
basis.
 To promote research in Nursing.
 To maintain Indian Nurses Register for registration
of Nursing Personnel.
 Prescribe code of ethics and professional conduct.
 To improve the quality of nursing education.

Role of SNA
 State Nursing Councils (SNC) are
formed since 1926 to control the
training and practice with in the
state and issue licences to the
qualified nurses. A license issued
by a council provides assurance to
the public that the nurse has met
predetermined standards. The
major functions of SNCs are:

•Recognition of Nursing Institution with in the
state.
• Registration and Renewal of Licenses for the
qualified Nursing personnel
• Reworking of License
•*In India , few SNC act as qualification
conferring body for diploma courses
•
To maintain the Register and the List, and to provide for
the registration and enlistment of nurses.

 To hear and decide appeal from any decision
of the Registrar.
 To prescribe a code of Ethics for regulating the
professional conduct of nurses
 To hold examinations and to make all
necessary arrangements for such
examinations.
 To prescribe the courses of training leading to
the examinations held by the council, and to
charge fees for such examinations

NURSING
HISTORY,
EDUCATION
AND
ORGANIZATIO
N
Basic Nursing:
Foundations of Skills &
Concepts

Nursing: An Art…A Science
 By using scientific knowledge in a human
way, nursing combines rational, scientific
methods with caring behavior.
 Nursing focuses not on the illness but the
client’s response to illness.

Historical Overview
 Nursing is an ancient profession that has
evolved a long side human civilization.
 Religion heavily influenced this evolution.
Many early hospitals were tied to
organized religion.
 During the industrial revolution, scientific
methods became more important.

Florence Nightingale
 The founder of modern nursing.
 She established the first school for nurses
that provided theory-based knowledge
and clinical skill-building.
 Encouraged the belief that there is a body
of nursing knowledge distinct from
medical knowledge.

Nightingale’s Accomplishments
 Demonstrated the value of nursing care in
reducing morbidity rates in the Crimean War
 Established the Nightingale School for
Nurses at St. Thomas’ Hospital in London
 Advocated the principles of cleanliness and
nutrition in promoting health
 Developed public awareness, for the need
for nurses.

The Civil War & Nursing
 America’s tragic conflict underscored the
need for nursing.
 Clara Barton (1821-1912) volunteered her
nursing skills and organized the Red
Cross in the United States after the war.

Pioneers of Nursing
 Lillian Wald: First community health nurse.
 Isabel Hampton Robb: Founded nursing organizations.
 Adelaide Nutting: First nurse appointed as university
professor.
 Lavinia Dock: Author of early textbooks.
 Mary Breckenridge: Serviced rural America.
 Mamie Hale: Educator of midwives.
 Mary Mahoney: America’s first African-American nurse.
 Linda Richards: America’s first trained nurse. (Note: The term
trained nurse preceded registered nurse).

“Practical” Nursing
 Women who cared for others, but who
had no formal education, often called
themselves “practical nurses.”

Early Practical Nursing Schools
 Ballard School. Opened in 1892 in New
York City by the YMCA.
 Thompson Practical Nursing School.
Established 1907 in Brattleboro, Vermont.
Still operating today.
 Household Nursing School. Founded in
1918 in Boston.

Nursing Education Changes
 The Goldmark Report: Published in 1923, this
report concluded that for nursing to be on an equal
footing with other disciplines, nursing education
should occur in the university setting.
 Institute of Research and Science
in Nursing Education Report: Resulted in the
establishment of practical nursing under Title III of
the Health Amendment Act of 1955. This led to a
growth in practical nursing schools in the U.S.

Nursing Education: LP/VNs
 LPNs (Licensed Practical Nurses) and LVNs
(Licensed Vocational Nurses) work under the
supervision of an RN or other licensed provider
such as a physician or dentist.
 Education is focused on basic nursing skills and
direct client care.
 Educated in community,colleges, hospitals,
vocational programs.

Nursing Education: RNs
 RNs (Registered Nurses) may operate
autonomously and may supervise
LP/VNsLVNS.
 Education is focused on basic nursing skills and
direct client care.
 Educated in universities, community areas and
hospitals.

Diploma Programs
 Typically 3 years in length are offered by
hospitals.
 Graduates receive diploma rather than a
college degree.
 Program emphasizes basic skills
particularly suited for hospital clients.
 Such programs contribute 6% of nurse
graduates.

Associate Degree Programs
 2-year program offered through community colleges
or as options at four-year universities.
 Graduate receives Associate Degree in Nursing
(ADN).
 Program stresses basic skill preparation with
clinical practice occurring increasingly in
community-based institutions (e.g. ambulatory
settings, schools and clinics).
 Such programs contribute 60% of nurse graduates.

Baccalaureate Degree Programs
 Typically 4 years in length, offered through
colleges and universities.
 Graduate receives Bachelor of Science in
Nursing (BSN)
 Emphasizes preparation for practice in
nonhospital settings, broader scientific content,
and systematic problem-solving tools for
autonomous and collaborative practice.
 Such programs contribute 34% of all nursing
graduates.

Nursing Organizations
American Nurses Association (ANA)
 Purpose: To improve the quality of nursing care.
 Established 1911.
 Establishes standards for nursing practice.
 Establishes a professional code of ethics.
 Develops educational standards
 Oversees a credentialing system.
 Influences legislation affecting health care.

National Association for Practical Nurse Education
and Service, Inc. (NAPNES)
 Purpose: To improve the quality, education, and recognition of
nursing schools.
 Provides workshops, seminars, and continuing-education
programs.
 Evaluates and certifies continuing-education programs of others.
 Provides individual student professional liability insurance program.

National Federation of Licensed Practical
Nurses, Inc. (NFLPN)
 Purpose: Provide leadership for LP/VNs.
 Encourages continuing education.
 Establishes principles of ethics.
 Represents and speaks for LP/VNs in Congress.
 Offers members best type of low-cost insurance.

National League for Nursing (NLN)
 Purpose: To identify the nursing needs of society and to
foster programs designed to meet these needs.
 Accredits nursing education programs.
 Conducts surveys to collect data on education
programs.
 Provides continuing-education programs.

National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. (NCSBN)
 Purpose: Provides an organization through which
boards of nursing act together on matters of common
interest and concern.
 Develops and administers licensure examinations for
RN and LP/VN candidates.
 Maintains a national disciplinary data bank.
 Serves as the national clearinghouse of information on
nursing regulation.

Nursing as a profession

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