Nutrition during old age
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The document discusses the importance of adequate nutrition for older adults (65 and up) to maintain health and decrease chronic disease risks, highlighting their increased vulnerability to nutritional deficiencies. It emphasizes the need for routine malnutrition screening, a 'food first' approach for adequate nutrient intake, and the significance of specific nutrients such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. Additionally, it addresses factors affecting elderly nutrition, including decreased taste, financial issues, and the importance of social dining experiences.
Nutrition during old age
- 1. Nutrition during old age www.poonyah.co.in
- 2. Adequate nutrition, especially in older age, aids in the maintenance of health and in decreasing the onset of chronic diseases, contributes to vitality in everyday activity, to energy and mood and helps in maintaining functional independence. Older people – 65 and up – are more vulnerable to nutritional deficiencies and nutritional problems are more common among them. INTRODUCTION www.poonyah.co.in
- 3. Healthy food choices positively influence the quality of life of older adults. Older adults are at risk for inadequate dietary intakes which may lead to: –Poor nutritional status –Decreased quality of life –Functional disability –Increased health care costs –Greater risk for morbidity and mortality www.poonyah.co.in
- 4. ● The incidence and impact of malnutrition in elderly people is underestimated ● Routine screening for malnutrition should be implemented for people in at risk groups ● “Food First” – eating small but frequent, high energy, high protein snacks and meals – is the first treatment option for elderly people who are malnourished ● Use of oral nutritional supplements (ready-made sip feeds or powders which are mixed with water or milk) is generally not recommended until a Food First approach has been trialled ● Nutrition support is recommended for malnourished people who are unable to maintain body weight by food intake alone ● Oral nutritional supplements are a top-up to food intake rather than a replacement – they should be given between meals, not at meal times KEY CONCEPTS www.poonyah.co.in
- 5. Malnutrition is the condition that develops when the body does not get the right amount of vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients (e.g. energy, protein) it needs to maintain health, promote cell and tissue growth and normal organ function. Malnutrition may result from consuming too little food, a shortage of key nutrients, or altered absorption or metabolism. Older adults are at particular risk of malnutrition. WHAT IS MALNUTRITION? www.poonyah.co.in
- 7. Malnutrition: A Rising Issue The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that by 2015, malnutrition will affect 1 in 6 of the global population.2 In Europe alone the issue of malnutrition impacts more than 30 million citizens. Malnutrition can be found in all healthcare settings. Hospitalised patients are at particular risk as 86% of them have been identified as malnourished or at risk of malnutrition In the older adult population: - 50% eat less than the RDA for protein 6 - 90% are Vitamin D deficient 7 - 30% are Vitamin B12 deficient 8 - 30% have inadequate Zinc and Selenium intake 9 www.poonyah.co.in
- 8. Important Nutrients to Know: Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Fats Proteins: Proteins are often called the body’s building blocks. They are used to build and repair tissues. They help you fight infection. Your body uses extra protein for energy. Good sources of protein are seafood, lean meat and poultry, eggs, beans and peas, soy products, and unsalted nuts and seeds. Protein is also found in dairy products. Protein from plant sources tends to be lower in fat and cholesterol and provides fiber and other health-promoting nutrients. www.poonyah.co.in
- 9. Carbohydrates are the body’s main source of energy. There are two types of carbohydrates: simple and complex. ● Simple carbohydrates are found in fruits, vegetables, and milk products, as well as in sweeteners like sugar, honey, and syrup and foods like candy, soft drinks, and frosting or icing. ● Complex carbohydrates are found in breads, cereals, pasta, rice, beans and peas, and starchy vegetables such as potatoes, green peas, and corn. Many carbohydrates also supply fiber. Fiber is a type of complex carbohydrate found in foods that come from plants—fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, beans, and whole grains. Eating food with fiber can prevent stomach or intestinal problems, such as constipation CARBOHYDRATES www.poonyah.co.in
- 10. VITAMINS Vitamins help your body grow and work the way it should. There are 13 vitamins— vitamins C, A, D, E, K, and the B vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, B6, B12, and folate). Vitamins have different jobs--helping you resist infections, keeping your nerves healthy, and helping your body get energy from food or your blood to clot properly www.poonyah.co.in
- 11. Minerals also help your body function. Some minerals, like iodine and fluoride, are only needed in very small quantities. Others, such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium, are needed in larger amounts. As with vitamins, if you eat a varied diet, you will probably get enough of most minerals. MINERALS www.poonyah.co.in
- 12. Fats also give you energy and help you feel satisfied after eating. Oils, shortening, butter, and margarine are types of fats, and mayonnaise, salad dressings, table cream, and sour cream are high in fat. Foods from animal sources and certain foods like seeds, nuts, avocado, and coconut also contain fat. There are different categories of fats—some are healthier than others: ● Monounsaturated. ● Polyunsaturated. ● Saturated. ● Trans fats (trans fatty acids). FATS www.poonyah.co.in
- 13. Choosing Healthy Meals As You Get Older Making healthy food choices is a smart thing to do—no matter how old you are! Your body changes through your 60s, 70s, 80s, and beyond 1. Drink plenty of liquids With age, you may lose some of your sense of thirst. Drink water often. Low-fat or fat-free milk or 100% juice also helps you stay hydrated. Limit beverages that have lots of added sugars or salt. Learn which liquids are better choices. 2. Make eating a social event Meals are more enjoyable when you eat with others. Invite a friend to join you or take part in a potluck at least twice a week. A senior center or place of worship may offer meals that are shared with others www.poonyah.co.in
- 14. 3. Plan healthy meals Find trusted nutrition information from ChooseMyPlate.gov and the National Institute on Aging. Get advice on what to eat, how much to eat, and which foods to choose, all based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. 4. Know how much to eat Learn to recognize how much to eat so you can control portion size. When eating out, pack part of your meal to eat later. One restaurant dish might be enough for two meals or more. www.poonyah.co.in
- 15. 10. Ask your doctor about vitamins or supplements Food is the best way to get nutrients you need. Should you take vitamins or other pills or powders with herbs and minerals? These are called dietary supplements. Your doctor will know if you need them. More may not be better. Some can interfere with your medicines or affect your medical conditions 6. Eat for your teeth and gums Many people find that their teeth and gums change as they age. People with dental problems sometimes find it hard to chew fruits, vegetables, or meats. Don’t miss out on needed nutrients! Eating softer foods can help. Try cooked or canned foods like unsweetened fruit, low- sodium soups, or canned tuna www.poonyah.co.in
- 16. USDA Food Patterns The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Patterns suggest that people over 50 keep an eye on calories while choosing a variety of healthy foods from five major food groups and limitingg solid fats and added sugars. www.poonyah.co.in
- 17. Serving and Portion Sizes: How Much Should I Eat? The Dietary Guidelines suggests that people 50 or older choose foods every day from the following: ● Fruits—1½ to 2½ cups ● Vegetables—2 to 3½ cups ● Grains—5 to 10 ounces ● Protein foods—5 to 7 ounces ● Dairy foods—3 cups of fat-free or low-fat milk ● Oils—5 to 8 teaspoons ● Solid fats and added sugars (SoFAS) and sodium (salt)—keep the amount of SoFAS and sodium small www.poonyah.co.in
- 18. Energy In = Energy Out Maintaining Weight Your weight will stay the same when the calories you eat and drink equal the calories you burn. Energy In < Energy Out Losing Weight You will lose weight when the calories you eat and drink are less than the calories you burn. Energy In > Energy Out Gaining Weight You will gain weight when the calories you eat and drink are greater than the calories you burn. Balancing Calories Balancing the calories you eat and drink with the calories burned by being physically active helps to maintain a healthy weight www.poonyah.co.in
- 19. Factors That Affect an Older Adult's Nutrition Decreased Taste Older adults have fewer taste buds than younger people, according to Medlineplus, a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health Loss of Appetite Many people have less appetite and eat less as they age, making it difficult to get all the nutrients they need for good health, according to Alberta Caregiver College. Additionally, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics reports that 5 to 10 percent of adults over age 45 have iron- deficiency anemia due to difficulty chewing and loss of appetite for meat.www.poonyah.co.in
- 20. Financial Issues and Lack of Mobility Seniors living on fixed incomes may not be able to afford the amount of nutritious food needed to maintain good health. Food banks and the U.S. food stamp program, known as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, can help by providing low-income people access to free food Heart Disease Risk A heart-healthy diet is recommended for people of all ages, but it is especially important after midlife, when the risk of heart disease is highest. A diet that protects against heart disease limits saturated fat and salt, while incorporating walnuts, almonds, avocados, olive or canola oil and potassium- rich foods, such as bananas and low-fat milk. www.poonyah.co.in
- 21. Depression and Isolation Older adults are prone to depression, which can be a risk factor for poor nutrition. Older adults who live alone may also be vulnerable to social isolation, particularly if many of their life-long friends have died. Eating alone also can affect nutrition by leading to depression and a poor appetite. Many senior centers and elder day-care programs provide shared meals, making dining a pleasant social experience that can positively affect the nutrition of an older adult. www.poonyah.co.in